Review
Forestry
Mingxia Yang, Xiaolu Zhou, Zelin Liu, Peng Li, Jiayi Tang, Binggeng Xie, Changhui Peng
Summary: Understanding the biomass, characteristics, and carbon sequestration of urban forests is crucial for maintaining and improving the quality of life and ensuring sustainable urban planning. This review evaluates recent developments in urban forest research methods, compares the accuracy and efficiency of different methods, and identifies emerging themes in urban forest assessment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mingzi Xu, Changdong Sheng
Summary: In this study, a mathematical model based on the plug flow model and coarse fly ash particles' fragmentation model was developed to describe the behavior and evolution of ash formation and the influence of biomass feeding rate and flue gas cooling rate on ash properties. The model was validated using literature data and was applied to study ash formation characteristics in practical boiler pulverized fuel combustion and SO2 sulfation cases. The results demonstrate that the model can reasonably describe ash formation and the effects of biomass feeding rate and flue gas cooling rate on particle size distributions and elemental compositions of PM10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lukasz Sobol, Dominika Sabat, Arkadiusz Dyjakon
Summary: Wood bark, as a by-product of the forestry industry, has significant potential in the energy sector. However, different types of bark show considerable variations in energy usefulness and hydrophobicity, necessitating tailored storage and analysis. Silver Birch bark is found to be the most suitable type for the power industry in terms of hydrophobicity and combustion characteristics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liming Du, Yong Pang, Qiang Wang, Chengquan Huang, Yu Bai, Dongsheng Chen, Wei Lu, Dan Kong
Summary: Spatially continuous mapping of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is important for understanding carbon sequestration capacities at both individual tree and landscape levels. This study developed an improved approach based on a LiDAR biomass index (LBI) to estimate forest AGB using airborne laser scanning data. The LBI-based models showed high correlation with tree characteristics and produced accurate AGB estimates at both individual tree and plot levels.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Mack, J. Maier, G. Scheffknecht
Summary: This study aims to gather experimental data on the combustion behavior of single wood particles under oxyfuel conditions. The focus is to understand how the application of oxyfuel technology affects the conditions in fuel beds and provide data for simulations. Combustion experiments were conducted on spherical particles of different sizes with varying oxygen concentrations in different atmospheres. The results showed that combustion times were generally shorter under oxyfuel conditions compared to air conditions, and increasing oxygen concentration further reduced combustion durations. The temperatures of the flame and the particles increased with higher oxygen concentration, with smaller particles showing higher values. Steam concentration had a varying effect on temperatures.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhongzheng Xiao, Shuzhong Wang, Ming Luo, Jianjun Cai
Summary: Co-combustion of lignocellulosic biomass and coal has been recognized as a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, the combustion characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass main components and lignite were investigated under air and oxy-fuel conditions. Cellulose and hemicellulose showed better combustion reactivity than lignite, while lignin had worse reactivity. Wood components had positive synergies with lignite on char oxidation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yifan Qiao, Guang Zheng, Zihan Du, Xiao Ma, Jiarui Li, L. Monika Moskal
Summary: Accurate classification of tree species is crucial for monitoring, managing, and conserving forest resources. This study utilized ALS data and hyperspectral data to extract four categories of indicators and applied them to the random forest algorithm for tree species classification, achieving an overall accuracy of 84.4%. By introducing individual-tree structure parameters into the constant allometric ratio (CAR) biomass model, biomass models for three tree species were established, and the model-fitting effects were improved after incorporating crown parameters.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ernest Popardowski, Pawel Kielbasa
Summary: This study investigates the effects of impulse electric field (PEF) stimulation on selected deciduous tree sawdust and analyzes the changes in time-temperature characteristics during combustion. The results indicate that pulsed electric field significantly affects the time and temperature characteristics of the biological material, especially in the later stages of the combustion process. Birch and ash react similarly to PEF conditioning, while oak and linden exhibit similar reactions. The results are also influenced by the cellulose content in the tested wood, in addition to the electric field strength.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yago Alonso Cipoli, Celia Alves, Marco Rapuano, Margarita Evtyugina, Ismael Casotti Rienda, Nora Kovats, Ana Vicente, Fabio Giardi, Leonardo Furst, Teresa Nunes, Manuel Feliciano
Summary: Using positive matrix factorisation (PMF), the distribution of daytime and nighttime sources of PM10 in Braganca, Portugal was studied. Five factor profiles were identified: traffic, dust, biomass burning, secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), and sea salt. Daytime concentrations were influenced by vehicle traffic and dust, while nighttime concentrations were dominated by residential biomass burning. Exceedances of daily limit values for PM10 and PM2.5 were observed, mainly due to biomass burning and Saharan dust outbreaks. The ecotoxicity assessment using the Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay showed that biomass burning is a major source of PM10 toxicity.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
David Bush, David Spencer, John Doran, Richard Davis
Summary: In a trial conducted in Australia, it was found that genetic accessions of Eucalyptus polybractea from South Australia had slower growth and lower oil concentration and quality compared to those from Victoria and New South Wales. However, a single accession from South Australia showed potential as a source of selected germplasm. Introducing South Australian material into the existing breeding populations may enhance resilience to hotter and drier climates.
Article
Plant Sciences
Guna Petaja, Arta Bardule, Juris Zalmanis, Dagnija Lazdina, Mudrite Daugaviete, Ilona Skranda, Zaiga Anna Zvaigzne, Dana Purvina
Summary: This study investigates the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), whole tree biomass carbon, and soil bulk density (BD) in afforested areas in Latvia. The results show that afforestation generally leads to a decrease in soil BD and SOC stock, but an increase in tree biomass carbon. The afforested areas can be considered as a net C sink during the juvenile development stage.
Article
Forestry
Heng Zhang, Hui Li, Xinyuan Liu, Yunjia Ma, Qing Zhou, Rula Sa, Qiuliang Zhang
Summary: This study simulated the combustion of different tree species and surface dead fuel to investigate the emissions released by forest fires and their impact on the environment. The results showed that the emissions varied between smoldering and flaming states, and different plant parts had different emission characteristics. This research provides a better understanding of the effects of forest fires on the atmosphere and ecosystems in Northern China.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan Felix Gonzalez, Andres Alvarez Murillo, Diego Diaz Garcia, Sergio Nogales-Delgado
Summary: This study optimized the combustion process in a biomass stove by using different fuels (such as pine, poplar, and plum tree pellets). The exhaust gases were analyzed with a Testo 335 analyzer, and temperatures were recorded with temperature probes. The optimized parameters resulted in high yields for the biomass products, making them suitable for combustion in the stove. Increasing the biomass flow by 25% also contributed to a higher efficiency of the process, especially for plum tree pellets.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Konrad Kaczynski, Katarzyna Kaczynska, Piotr Pelka
Summary: Wood pellets are commonly used for energy production, but due to high demand, entrepreneurs are now producing non-wood biomass pellets. An experimental study analyzed the combustion process of forest and agricultural biomass pellets under different conditions, showing that inert material and oxidant concentration both play key roles in combustion behavior.
Article
Forestry
Iveta Desaine, Annija Karklina, Roberts Matisons, Anna Pastare, Andis Adamovics, Zane Libiete, Aris Jansons
Summary: Research compared the economic performance of different forest types and management methods, finding that Norway spruce stands have good potential for independence, even when stumps are removed in the previous rotation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Feng, Hongwei Wu
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2019)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Changya Deng, Sui Boon Liaw, Hongwei Wu
Article
Energy & Fuels
Song Zhou, Tahereh Hosseini, Jie Zhao, Xiwang Zhang, Hongwei Wu, Lian Zhang
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bing Song, Yun Yu, Hongwei Wu
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sidra Jabeen, Xiangpeng Gao, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Mingming Zhang, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Hongwei Wu, Yun Yu, Xiangpeng Gao, Minghou Xu, Xun Gong
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Feng, Mingkai Cheng, Xiangpeng Gao, Yu Qiao, Minghou Xu
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence forms and leachability of major inorganic elements and heavy metals in solid residue from smouldering combustion of sewage sludge. The majority of elements in the residue are presented as stable residue form, while some exist mainly as acid-soluble and reducible forms. Leachability tests show that certain elements can be readily leached out from the residue under specific pH ranges, and all heavy metals in the leachate meet regulatory values.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Wang, Jingchun Huang, Xiangpeng Gao, Yu Qiao
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shan Cheng, Xiangpeng Gao, Liwen Cao, Quanbin Wang, Yu Qiao
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianlong Liu, Xiangpeng Gao, Alireza Zehi Mofrad, Shinji Kudo, Shusaku Asano, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: The study introduces a new method of leaching char with pyrolytic AP for the removal of AAEM species and the uptake of water-soluble organics. Experimental results show that the majority of K, Mg, and Ca are leached within the first hour, with nonacidic compounds in the pyrolytic AP slightly hindering the leaching of K but having no impacts on that of Mg and Ca.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kethaki Wickramaarachchi, Manickam Minakshi Sundaram, David J. Henry, Xiangpeng Gao
Summary: Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) synthesized with alginate as a biopolymer additive demonstrated enhanced energy storage capability for electrochemical supercapacitors. The presence of alginate in higher concentrations altered the morphology and particle size of the EMD composites, resulting in a more favorable condition for binding Mn2+ ions and improving capacitance. When coupled with activated carbon, the EMD composite exhibited excellent capacitance retention over 5000 cycles, showing promising potential for energy storage applications.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Wang, Xiangpeng Gao, Jingchun Huang, Alireza Z. Mofrad, Zhenqi Wang, Chao Feng, Chen Li, Wei Hu, Yu Qiao
Summary: The study investigates the release behavior of chlorine during biomass pyrolysis, focusing on the transformation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and its interactions with pyrolyzing biomass/char particles. Results show that vapor-phase reactions of HCl with volatiles from certain biomass components generate methyl chloride (CH3Cl) but do not contribute to organic chlorine in bio-oil. The vapor-solid interactions of HCl with pyrolyzing biomass/char particles enhance the formation of CH3Cl, particularly in the pyrolysis of acid-washed wood.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aditya Wibawa, U. P. M. Ashik, Shinji Kudo, Shusaku Asano, Xiangpeng Gao, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: In this study, the production of high-strength coke from torrefied softwood and noncaking coal was investigated. The sequential processes of pulverization, mixing, binderless hot briquetting, and carbonization were used. The resulting coke exhibited a tensile strength of 5-17 MPa, which was equal to or higher than that of conventional coke. The mixing of torrefied softwood and coal hindered the densification of coke, but positive synergy occurred at high fractions of torrefied softwood, resulting in enhanced coke strength. Fine pulverization of the mixed materials further increased the coke strength.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Feng, Wanrong Xie, Dongyan Zhang, Xiangpeng Gao, Yu Qiao, Minghou Xu
Summary: This study investigated the impacts of gas flow rate, oxidative atmosphere, and inert porous medium on the properties of products during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge. The results showed that higher gas flow rates and the involvement of sand led to lower char yields and higher bio-oil and gas yields. However, at higher temperatures, the trends in product distributions changed due to secondary cracking reactions and volatile-char interactions. The presence of oxygen during pyrolysis resulted in decreased char and bio-oil yields and increased gaseous yields dominated by CO2 and CO, while higher temperatures and oxygen fractions delayed ignition and increased the activation energy of the produced char.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sidra Jabeen, Xiangpeng Gao, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
Summary: This study highlights the significant impacts of product recovery methods on the yields and properties of hydrochars produced from algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization. Direct filtration results in higher hydrochar yield with residue biocrude, leading to considerable differences in properties compared to DCM-aided filtration. DCM-aided filtration produces hydrochars with lower volatile matter contents but higher fixed carbon and ash contents, showing greater specific reactivity due to higher concentrations of catalytic alkali and alkaline earth metals.