Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yongjoon Cho, Sohee Park, Seonghun Jeong, Heesoo Yang, Byongkyu Lee, Sang Myeon Lee, Byoung Hoon Lee, Changduk Yang
Summary: In the past decade, high-performing pi-conjugated polymers based on axisymmetric cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and centrosymmetric indacenodithiophene (IDT) units have been studied for use in organic field-effect transistors. Comparative data show that IDT donor-containing polymers have superior hole mobilities; particularly, exclusive IDT donor-containing polymer P4 offers a high mobility of 1.67 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Additionally, the near-amorphous characteristics of IDT donor-containing polymer films make them highly ductile and stretchable, showing promising potential for application in viable stretchable electronics.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yahao Dai, Shilei Dai, Nan Li, Yang Li, Maximilian Moser, Joseph Strzalka, Aleksander Prominski, Youdi Liu, Qingteng Zhang, Songsong Li, Huawei Hu, Wei Liu, Shivani Chatterji, Ping Cheng, Bozhi Tian, Iain McCulloch, Jie Xu, Sihong Wang
Summary: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have high amplification and sensitivity to biological signals, making them a promising platform for next-generation bioelectronics. However, achieving seamless tissue-electronics interfaces with softness and stretchability has been a challenge due to the lack of stretchable redox-active semiconducting polymers. This study reports a stretchable semiconductor for OECT devices, which exhibits exceptional stretchability and high OECT performance. The polymer's design features, including a nonlinear backbone architecture, moderate side-chain density, and high molecular weight, enable the combination of stretchability and OECT performance. The highly stretchable polymer semiconductor allows for fabricating intrinsically stretchable OECTs with high transconductance and biaxial stretchability, and demonstrates on-skin electrocardiogram recording with built-in amplification and unprecedented skin conformability.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Li-Wei Lo, Junyi Zhao, Haochuan Wan, Yong Wang, Shantanu Chakrabartty, Chuan Wang
Summary: A stretchable conductor based on PEDOT:PSS has been developed using inkjet printing, demonstrating low sheet resistance and accommodating large mechanical deformations. By adding ethylene glycol, an optimal ink formulation with low sheet resistance and excellent elasticity has been achieved.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiang-Chun Li, Lanqian Yao, Wan Song, Fang Liu, Qian Wang, Jin Chen, Qian Xue, Wen-Yong Lai
Summary: In this study, the stretchability of elastomers was significantly improved through the self-confinement effect, and high-performance non-blended stretchable OLEDs were successfully constructed. The results provide an effective molecular design strategy for highly deformable stretchable displays and flexible electronics.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinzhao Xu, Yan Zhao, Yunqi Liu
Summary: Wearable electronics are gaining interest for the Internet of Things (IoT). Organic semiconductors with stretchability (SOSs) are promising for wearable electronics due to their excellent properties. Fabrication techniques, functionality classification, and potential challenges for SOS-based wearable electronics are reviewed in this paper.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Madison Mooney, Chloe Crep, Simon Rondeau-Gagne
Summary: Design of organic pi-conjugated semiconducting materials has promising applications in various fields. The solution processability of these materials is a key feature, but it also poses challenges for multilayer electronics. Rational design can create triggered solvent resistance through functional groups or chemical additives to achieve solvent-resistant thin films.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rachel Blau, Alexander X. Chen, Beril Polat, Laura L. Becerra, Rory Runser, Beeta Zamanimeymian, Kartik Choudhary, Darren J. Lipomi
Summary: The conductive polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS is widely used in research on organic electronic devices, but its mechanical properties are limited. To improve its mechanical compliance, block copolymers were synthesized and used as scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT. It was found that the polymer with the longest PPEGMEA block had the highest fracture strain and the lowest elastic modulus, although its conductivity was reduced. However, blending this polymer with PEDOT:PSS resulted in increased conductivity. Overall, the synthesized block copolymers show promise for improving the mechanical and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hang Ren, Junmo Zhang, Yanhong Tong, Mingxin Zhang, Xiaoli Zhao, Qingxin Tang, Yichun Liu
Summary: This study systematically investigates the mechanical, surface, and dielectric properties of five commercially available insulating elastomers, selecting Sylgard-186 as a dielectric for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) to achieve high mobility and stability in stretchable electronics.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dianpeng Qi, Kuiyuan Zhang, Gongwei Tian, Bo Jiang, Yudong Huang
Summary: Stretchable electronics rely on elastic substrates to bear and regulate strain distribution, with self-healing properties being crucial for device recovery. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is commonly used due to its stable chemical properties, thermal stability, and the ability for surface modification and property tailoring to achieve designer functionalities. Challenges and future opportunities in stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates are also discussed.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Weichen Wang, Sihong Wang, Reza Rastak, Yuto Ochiai, Simiao Niu, Yuanwen Jiang, Prajwal Kammardi Arunachala, Yu Zheng, Jie Xu, Naoji Matsuhisa, Xuzhou Yan, Soon-Ki Kwon, Masashi Miyakawa, Zhitao Zhang, Rui Ning, Amir M. Foudeh, Youngjun Yun, Christian Linder, Jeffrey B. -H. Tok, Zhenan Bao
Summary: The study demonstrates an all-elastomer strain engineering approach to create strain-insensitive intrinsically stretchable transistor arrays, achieving stable performance by adjusting stiffness through patterned elastomer layers. This method is suitable for developing devices for monitoring physiological signals with intimate interfaces to the human body.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seong Dae Kim, Arijit Sarkar, Jong-Hyun Ahn
Summary: With the popularity of flexible and wearable electronic devices, research on lightweight and large-capacity batteries suitable for powering such devices is actively conducted. Graphene has attracted attention in the battery field due to its good mechanical properties and applicability in fabricating electrodes. Different types of graphene enable the fabrication of flexible and stretchable batteries with various shapes and functions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naoji Matsuhisa, Simiao Niu, Stephen J. K. O'Neill, Jiheong Kang, Yuto Ochiai, Toru Katsumata, Hung-Chin Wu, Minoru Ashizawa, Ging-Ji Nathan Wang, Donglai Zhong, Xuelin Wang, Xiwen Gong, Rui Ning, Huaxin Gong, Insang You, Yu Zheng, Zhitao Zhang, Jeffrey B. -H. Tok, Xiaodong Chen, Zhenan Bao
Summary: This paper presents an intrinsically stretchable diode based on stretchable organic and nanomaterials, capable of operating at a frequency as high as 13.56 megahertz. This advancement enables enhanced functionalities and capabilities for skin-like wearable electronics.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shi Wang, Minglei Bai, Chen Liu, Guanjun Li, Xinxin Lu, Henan Cai, Chongyang Liu, Wen-Yong Lai
Summary: This article presents an ionogel based on ionic liquids, which features a dual network structure with rigid inorganic and flexible organic components. The ionogel exhibits high mechanical strength, excellent elongation, and good ionic conductivity. It shows great potential for applications in lithium-ion batteries and flexible electronics.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Jinyang Chen, Jie Zhou, Na Li, Yubing Ding, Shiwei Ren, Minfeng Zeng
Summary: In this study, a novel acceptor structural unit called TVDPP was reported, which differs from classical materials based on TDPP structures. The monomer and polymer P2TVDPP were successfully synthesized using a designed synthetic route and the Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer exhibited expected properties and its absorption spectra and energy levels were characterized. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on P2TVDPP showed excellent carrier mobility and on/off current ratio, marking an important advancement in the significance of DPP-based materials in optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shawn A. Gregory, James F. Ponder, Sandra L. Pittelli, Mark D. Losego, John R. Reynolds, Shannon K. Yee
Summary: This study investigates the electronic properties of DOTTs, revealing unusually low Seebeck coefficients and carrier concentration dependencies that cannot be explained with current transport models. Additionally, some polymer/dopant systems exhibit unusually low activation energies. By evaluating the Mott polaron model transport parameters, the effects of carrier concentration were quantified, providing guidance for designing polymer chemistries.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amy L. Mayhugh, Preeti Yadav, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: The translation and summary emphasizes the importance of simple and efficient methods in small molecule and polymer syntheses, highlighting the increasing interest in direct arylation polymerization (DArP) for preparing conjugated polymers. Advancements in material properties, scalability, and new monomer structures are needed in order to continue developing conjugated polymers effectively. Collaboration between small molecule and polymer-based synthetic research groups is key in informing advancements in both areas.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lucas Q. Flagg, Lauren E. Asselta, Nicholas D'Antona, Tommaso Nicolini, Natalie Stingelin, Jonathan W. Onorato, Christine K. Luscombe, Ruipeng Li, Lee J. Richter
Summary: Organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (OMIECs) have great potential in various new technologies, but studying them in their operating state is difficult. This study presents a new approach to investigate the electrochemical switching of a prototypical OMIEC and finds that the crystalline regions are relatively hydrophobic and the potential-induced changes in crystal structure do not clearly correlate with the transistor performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Theodore A. Cohen, David Sharp, Kyle T. Kluherz, Yueyang Chen, Christopher Munley, Rayne T. Anderson, Connor J. Swanson, James J. De Yoreo, Christine K. Luscombe, Arka Majumdar, Daniel R. Gamelin, J. Devin Mackenzie
Summary: This work demonstrates the use of EHD inkjet printing to pattern luminescent nanomaterials on photonic structures. Nanoscale CsPbBr3 NC features were successfully deposited on the structures, maintaining structural integrity throughout the printing process. The deposited NCs demonstrated sub-micrometer control and cavity-emitter coupling in silicon nitride nanophotonic cavities.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christine K. Luscombe, Graeme Moad, Roger C. Hiorns, Richard G. Jones, Daniel J. Keddie, John B. Matson, Jan Merna, Tamaki Nakano, Gregory T. Russell, Paul D. Topham
Summary: The use of consistent terminology in describing polymerizations is crucial for legal, patent, research, and educational purposes. To address this issue, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has provided recommendations and guidelines.
PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
C. K. Luscombe, S. Phan, I Sanskriti
Summary: This article reviews the development of organic semiconductors and introduces recent advances in developing more efficient synthetic pathways. The concept of synergistic catalysis is introduced, which enables controlled and energy-saving methods for synthesizing semiconducting polymers.
Review
Chemistry, Organic
Preeti Yadav, Nivedha Velmurugan, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: In recent decades, direct C-H arylation has become a preferred tool for biaryl coupling in organic synthesis due to its simplicity, efficiency, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional cross-coupling methods. However, the low reactivity of aryl C-H bonds often requires harsh reaction conditions, which limits its sustainability. Therefore, developing milder conditions for direct C-H arylation reactions has become an important research goal.
SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Breena M. Sperry, Nadzeya A. Kukhta, Yunping Huang, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: In this study, the thermal decomposition of aliphatic amine and carboxylic acid ligands during the bottom-up synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. The results showed that the properties of ligands influenced the decomposition reaction and can be used to guide ligand selection for NP synthesis to improve reaction purity.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Samantha Phan, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: The increase in global demand for plastics, especially during the pandemic, has raised concerns about plastic waste and microplastic pollution. Efficient monitoring of microplastics is crucial for understanding their long-term effects and behavior in the environment. Numerical models and machine learning tools can aid in studying microplastic transport and provide more accurate predictions, helping to optimize monitoring efforts and improve understanding of microplastics in marine environments.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Baitan Chakraborty, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: Due to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have been widely used in organic electronic devices. Various cross-coupling reactions, such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions, have been effective for synthesizing conjugated polymers. Recent interest in donor-acceptor polymers has led to the development of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization, which allows the synthesis of alternating copolymers without prefunctionalization of monomers. This article discusses the development of CDC polymerization protocols and provides insights from small molecule CDC reactions for a better understanding of these reactions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lucas Q. Flagg, Jonathan W. Onorato, Christine K. Luscombe, Vinayak Bhat, Chad Risko, Ben Levy-Wendt, Michael F. Toney, Christopher R. McNeill, Guillaume Freychet, Mikhail Zhernenkov, Ruipeng Li, Lee J. Richter
Summary: Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have the potential for various new technologies, but their complex behavior inhibits material design. This report presents the use of RXRD to determine the structure of a doped polymer OMIEC. The insights from RXRD provide important information on ion location and doping behavior, contributing to a better understanding of transport in OMIECs.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yilin Li, Sohee Park, Kasturi Sarang, Hao Mei, Chia-Ping Tseng, Zhiqi Hu, Dongyang Zhu, Xiaoyi Li, Jodie Lutkenhaus, Rafael Verduzco
Summary: Conjugated polymers as battery electrodes have unique and useful properties, and recent research has shown that they can exhibit excellent rate performance due to electron transport. However, increasing the ionic conductivity of conjugated polymer electrodes is currently a challenge. In this study, we investigated a series of conjugated polynapthalene dicarboximide (PNDI) polymers containing oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG) side chains to enhance ion transport. We found that incorporating EG side chains improved both ionic and electronic conductivities, resulting in exceptional rate performance and cycling stability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunping Huang, Yangwei Shi, Theodore A. Cohen, Kevin Ho, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: A-site cations have significant impacts on the efficiency and stability of lead halide perovskite (LHP) optoelectronic devices. However, the correlation between these impacts and cation structural features has not been studied due to the difficulty of isolating the independent contributions from the sizes of these A-site cations and hydrogen-halide interaction. In this study, we designed two isoelectronic cationic ligands and investigated their differences in passivating LHP solar cell interfaces.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Garrett Lecroy, Raja Ghosh, Viktoriia Untilova, Lorenzo Guio, Kevin H. Stone, Martin Brinkmann, Christine Luscombe, Frank C. Spano, Alberto Salleo
Summary: This study provides experimental data on the polarized intermolecular and intramolecular absorption of polarons in the polymer semiconductor rr-P3HT. The data is inconsistent with predictions based on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, but consistent with a modified Holstein Hamiltonian. This work demonstrates the importance of vibronic coupling in understanding polaron absorption.
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wissem Khelifi, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: This mini-review discusses the progress in the development of polymerized small-molecule acceptors (PSMAs) for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). These PSMAs combine the advantages of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) and polymers. Studies have shown that the improved efficiency of all-PSCs is attributed to factors such as stronger absorption, improved blend morphology, and redistribution of composition in the film. Additionally, the incorporation of new materials as third components has led to high power conversion efficiencies in ternary organic photovoltaics.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abdulrahman Bakry, Preeti Yadav, Shin-Ya (Emerson) Chen, Christine K. Luscombe
Summary: This study investigates the influence of the content and linkage of ethylene glycol side chains on the formation of active Grignard monomer species in the synthesis of conjugated polymers. The results suggest that a minimum concentration of 0.15 M monomer is required for synthesizing high-performing OECT material P3MEEMT. Furthermore, the study reveals that the polymerization process exhibits uncontrolled behavior contrary to the controlled chain growth characteristics.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Paige A. Shaw, Maxime Klausen, Mark Bradley
Summary: A light-responsive polymer capable of controlled release of camptothecin and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was developed, which exhibited high cancer cell killing activity through both camptothecin release and ROS generation.
Article
Polymer Science
Donghui Zhang, Shiqi Liu, Zhihao Cai, Weizhe Luo, Guojian Liu, Runhui Liu
Summary: A straightforward and efficient method for synthesizing NPC monomers has been developed in this study, which enhances the availability of NPC monomers and facilitates the synthesis of polypeptides.