Article
Polymer Science
Zhuoran Zhang, Huaixuan Cao, Yufeng Quan, Rong Ma, Emily B. Pentzer, Micah J. Green, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: In this study, MXene-organic hybrid nanosheets were applied as nanofillers in polystyrene (PS) to enhance its thermal stability and flame retardancy. The addition of MXene-organic hybrid nanosheets significantly reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of PS and increased its thermal stability.
Article
Polymer Science
Mathieu Vangrevelynghe, Lucie Le Nouvel, Cecile Pesenti, Rodolphe Sonnier, Laurent Ferry, Emmanuelle Gesta, Christian Lagreve
Summary: This study explores the assessment of the modes of action of flame retardants and their quantification. By combining different flammability tests, relations were proposed to calculate key parameters and evaluate flame retardant efficiency. The results suggest potential synergies or antagonisms between different flame retardants, challenging some previously held conclusions.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Qiang Xu, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Cong Jin, Lin Jiang
Summary: The microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) is considered the most commonly used small-scale fire experiment in material research, simulating the burning process and measuring heat release capacity. Developed over two decades ago, it has undergone significant modifications for improved accuracy.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Yu Snegirev, M. K. Handawy
Summary: This study applies microscale combustion calorimetry to investigate catalyzed pyrolysis of plastic wastes, demonstrating strong catalytic effects of ZSM-5 on polyolefin polymers and significant catalysis of MgO on PC. Addition of catalysts can greatly reduce pyrolysis temperatures and activation energy.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gamzenur Ozsin, Melis Alpaslan Takan, Arda Takan, Ayse Eren Putun
Summary: This study aims to estimate the mass loss of PVC during pyrolysis and combustion using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results show that ANN models can accurately predict complex systems with high R-2 values.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Artem A. Shaklein
Summary: This study presents numerical results of polyoxymethylene burning behavior in a reactor, examining the impact of reactor geometry on polymer combustion and introducing various configurations of a combustion reactor for municipal solid waste incineration techniques research. The research focuses on hydrodynamic and thermal parameter distribution in a combustion chamber, highlighting the two-dimensional nature of the combustion process and the diffusion regime of polymer combustion in the reactor.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Parham Dehghani, James G. Quintiere
Summary: A gas fuel supplied burner (BRE) was used to simulate the burning of real solid and liquid fuels in microgravity to address spacecraft fire safety concerns. The analytical solution of these flames was used to predict the steady flame temperature, with a critical temperature range of 1100-1200K distinguishing between self-extinguished and steady flames. A flammability diagram composed of emulated heat of combustion and heat of gasification was used to examine steady flames, revealing upper and lower limits of heat of gasification that allow for steady burning. Theoretical predictions for steady burning were demonstrated to be within 10% accuracy for given atmospheric conditions, material diameter, and external radiative heat flux, providing a method to assess spacecraft fire safety.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Oleg Korobeinichev, Andrey Shmakov, Alexander Paletsky, Stanislav Trubachev, Artem Shaklein, Alexander Karpov, Egor Sosnin, Sergey Kostritsa, Amit Kumar, Vladimir Shvartsberg
Summary: In this review, an integrated approach based on experimental and theoretical study was used to analyze the thermal decomposition and combustion processes of important polymers. The effects of phosphorus-containing flame-retardants and graphene on reducing combustibility were identified.
Article
Polymer Science
Oleg Korobeinichev, Artem Shaklein, Stanislav Trubachev, Alexander Karpov, Alexander Paletsky, Anatoliy Chernov, Egor Sosnin, Andrey Shmakov
Summary: For the first time, experimental tests and computer simulation have been conducted on the flame spread and combustion of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resins (GFRER) with flame-retardant additives. The results show that adding flame retardants can reduce the flammability of GFRER, with DDM-DOPO being more effective than graphene. DDM-DOPO increases the yield of volatile pyrolysis products, while graphene increases soot release and non-volatile pyrolysis products on the burning surface.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongmei Chen, Fengyi Chen, Hui Chen, Hongsheng Liu, Ling Chen, Long Yu
Summary: This study investigated the thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market. The results showed that these polymers exhibit different decomposition and combustion characteristics under different conditions, providing important data for managing city waste.
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Nour Fathi Attia, M. Nour, M. Hassan, G. Mohamed, H. Oh, Manar Mahmoud
Summary: Well dispersed polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were developed by modifying montmorillonite (MMT) using organic silanes. The developed organoclays were uniformly dispersed in the PE matrix, producing well exfoliated and dispersed polymer nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability and reduced flammability, as well as decreased emission of toxic gases.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mauricio Rodriguez Chialanza, Sofia Favre Samarra, Andres Perez Parada
Summary: The study found that the size of microplastic particles affects the DSC signal, but through appropriate sample preparation, signals corresponding to microplastics of different sizes can be identified and quantified. Additionally, the application of DSC technique in the field of microplastics may provide estimates of the number of microplastic particles within a sample.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Shinya Uchiyama, Masahiro Kishida, Ryo Tanaka
Summary: Biogas can be partially oxidized and reformed using microwave plasma-assisted combustion to improve combustion efficiency and upgrade the fuel. Research shows that using a small thin nozzle can effectively promote reforming reaction and upgrade the biogas.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haojie Li, Siqi Liu, Xueting Wu, Qingchun Qi, Haiyang Zhang, Xiangchuan Meng, Xiaotian Hu, Long Ye, Yiwang Chen
Summary: This study presents a shear impulse strategy for the preparation of high-performance scalable organic solar cells (OSCs) using green solvents. By increasing the coating speed, the shear impulse during film formation is improved, leading to suitable phase separation. The results demonstrate that this strategy can achieve efficient large-area OSCs.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sybren K. Schoustra, Joshua A. Dijksman, Han Zuilhof, Maarten M. J. Smulders
Summary: This study demonstrates the fine-tuned control over macroscopic dynamic material properties using the Hammett equation in tuneable dynamic covalent polyimine materials. By systematically varying the dynamic covalent bond dynamics through selection of appropriate substituents, the research shows a correlation between Hammett parameter and various dynamic material properties. The results showcase the direct tunability and design of dynamic material properties in a quantitative and predictable manner, with the potential for recycling and self-healing over multiple cycles.
Article
Polymer Science
Abdoul Faycal Baguian, Salifou Koucka Ouiminga, Claire Longuet, Anne-Sophie Caro-Bretelle, Stephane Corn, Antoine Bere, Rodolphe Sonnier
Summary: The fire behavior of flexible polyurethane foams was studied using a cone calorimeter, showing different heat release rate curves for thin and thick foams, as well as a constant collapse rate for all thicknesses. The recession rate of the front was calculated, with values remaining relatively constant due to low heat conductivity preventing heat transfer, and the collapse being controlled by cell walls' rigidity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sahng Hyuck Woo, Aurelie Taguet, Belkacem Otazaghine, Alia Akrout, Sara Cavaliere, Arnaud Rigacci, Christian Beauger
Summary: This study investigated the effects of adding pretreated perfluoro-sulfonated halloysite nanotubes into the Aquivion matrix, and the composite membrane (Aq/pHNT-SF5) showed the best performance in terms of water uptake and proton conductivity among the tested membranes, without compromising chemical stability.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Marouane El Gazi, Rodolphe Sonnier, Stephane Giraud, Marcos Batistella, Shantanu Basak, Loic Dumazert, Raymond Hajj, Roland El Hage
Summary: The study found that the flammability of thermally thin materials is primarily determined by sample weight, with the peak of heat release rate and burning rate being influenced by fire load. A simple model was proposed to calculate pHRR based on heat flux, sample weight, and effective heat of combustion. This model can predict easily the peak of heat release rate and guide flame retardant strategies.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jamila Taibi, Sophie Rouif, Jean-Louis Clement, Bruno Ameduri, Rodolphe Sonnier, Belkacem Otazaghine
Summary: The functionalization of natural fibers for improved flame retardancy was achieved by grafting phosphorus-containing monomers onto flax fabrics. The method involved pre-irradiation grafting using a phosphorus-based flame retardant, leading to a homogeneous grafting of MAPC1 into the elementary flax fibers. The impact of grafting on the thermal properties and fire behavior was evaluated through various analytical techniques.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samar Beaino, Peter El Hage, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sylvain Seif, Roland El Hage
Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis of a new thermal insulating geopolymer using alkaline activation of fly ashes. The addition of foaming agents can be avoided by using a high ratio of solution/ashes. Rice husks are incorporated into the formulation to increase porosity and ecological sustainability. The microstructural characteristics of the geopolymers were analyzed using various techniques, and thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated based on different solution/ashes ratios and rice husk contents.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antoine Garnier, Chrystelle Montigny, Lea Causse, Sylvie Spinelli, Murielle Avezac, Belkacem Otazaghine, Catherine Gonzalez
Summary: This study aims to highlight the usability of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in passive sampling for the monitoring of organotin compounds (OSn). The results showed that MIPs have a good retention effect on OSn, and the bulk synthesis method is recommended for its simplicity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Munch, Patrice Buche, Stephane Dervaux, Amelie Breysse, Marie-Alix Berthet, Gregoire David, Sarah Lammi, Fleur Rol, Amandine Viretto, Helene Angellier-Coussy
Summary: Due to the increasing plastic waste, concerns have been raised about their long-term detrimental effects. One possible solution is to replace conventional plastics with fully biodegradable materials like PHBV, which can be combined with lignocellulosic fillers to reduce cost and environmental impact. This article presents 88 formulations of PHBV-based biocomposites, along with technical process descriptions and measurements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxinne Denis, Damien Le Borgne, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sylvain Caillol, Cedric Totee, Claire Negrell
Summary: Novel phosphorylated cardanol molecules based on phosphonate and phosphate functions were synthesized and their effects on the VOC reduction and flame retardancy of alkyd resins used as wood coatings were studied. The results showed that phosphate-cardanol compounds could improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of alkyd resins, and the balance between film properties and flame retardancy was better with lower content of phosphate-cardanol.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abdelwahab Boukheit, France Chabert, Belkacem Otazaghine, Aurelie Taguet
Summary: In this study, the impact of modifying hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) for use in a polymer blend was evaluated. Different methods were proposed to modify the affinity between h-BN particles and polymers. The modified h-BN particles were successfully localized at the interface of the polymer blend through grafting polymer chains onto hydroxylated h-BN particles.
Article
Polymer Science
Charlotte Campana, Romain Leger, Rodolphe Sonnier, Patrick Ienny, Laurent Ferry
Summary: This study investigates the effects of flame retardants on water sensitivity and the impact of water absorption on fire behavior and mechanical performance of biocomposites. The results show that DOPO flame retardant increases the equilibrium water content, while AlPi does not significantly affect water sensitivity. Mechanical properties are influenced by moisture content, and only the highest water contents modify the fire behavior.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxinne Denis, Guilhem Coste, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sylvain Caillol, Claire Negrell
Summary: This article focuses on the synthesis of PHU materials containing novel phosphorus flame retardants. Four different phosphorus compounds were grafted onto cyclic carbonate, and three novel phosphorus reactive cyclic carbonates were synthesized. The PHU materials were characterized and their thermal stability and flame-retardant properties were investigated. The different modes of action of phosphorus flame retardants in PHU materials were highlighted, depending on the oxidation state of phosphorus.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kamil Dziuba, Krystyna Wnuczek, Patryk Wojtachnio, Rodolphe Sonnier, Beata Podkoscielna
Summary: Polymeric aluminum organophosphates are nanostructured aluminum-based compounds that combine organic and inorganic materials. They have attracted attention for their ability to improve the mechanical properties, lightweight, and thermal properties of composite materials. The potential of these compounds for fire-retardant materials has been demonstrated through studies. In this research, epoxy resin composites were created using aluminum oxide hydroxide and aluminum-organophosphorus hybrid materials.
Article
Polymer Science
Jamila Taibi, Sophie Rouif, Bruno Ameduri, Rodolphe Sonnier, Belkacem Otazaghine
Summary: This study focuses on the one-step radiografting of flax fabrics with phosphonated and fluorinated polymer chains using (meth)acrylic monomers. The pre-irradiation procedure at 20 and 100 kGy allows the flax fabrics to have flame retardancy and hydro- and oleophobicity properties. The successful grafting of flax fibers is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, while the morphology, regioselectivity of grafting, and distribution of elements are assessed by SEM-EDX.
Article
Ecology
Rodolphe Sonnier, Loic Dumazert, Mathieu Vangrevelynghe, Clement Brendle, Laurent Ferry
Summary: Smoke production in a smoke chamber is influenced by the accumulation of smoke and continuous oxygen consumption, but a method using material properties calculated from a cone calorimeter can predict smoke evolution. The properties indicate a material's capability to produce smoke at a specific mass loss rate, and the effect of flame retardants on these properties can measure their impact on smoke production. Although knowing the curve of mass loss rate = f(time) in a smoke chamber is necessary, it closely resembles that measured in a cone calorimeter at the same heat flux. The similarity between smoke production in a smoke chamber and cone calorimeter is qualitatively demonstrated, with oxygen content reduction in the smoke chamber having no influence on smoke until the optical density exceeds 800.
Article
Polymer Science
X. Yan, A. Cayla, E. Devaux, B. Otazaghine, F. Salaun
Summary: The study demonstrated the fabrication of immiscible polymeric blend fibers of PP and PVA, with modified kaolinite particles incorporated into the structure. After selective phase extraction, the knitted structure could be maintained with numerous micro/nanofibers left, while kaolinite particles still appeared on the surface. The mechanical enhancement of the knitted fabrics, particularly when using Janus particles, was observed even after selective phase extraction, surpassing the effects of conventional chemical treatments.
EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanzhang Jiang, Xuyi Wang, Yanting Han, Dakai Gong, Yingchun Gu, Lin Tan
Summary: In this study, FeCl3 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were doped into waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) to create multifunctional materials with self-healing and antimicrobial properties. WPU/Fe/PAA-5.5, containing 5.5 wt % PAA, exhibited excellent mechanical properties, strong self-healing capabilities, and an impressive antimicrobial rate of over 90%. These supramolecular films were also highly recyclable through hot-pressing.
Article
Polymer Science
Longyu Tian, Min Wang, Guangming Liao, Baoliang Liu, Sujuan Zhang, Yucheng Sun, Zhen Meng, Jintao Zhang, Zaijun Lu
Summary: Two kinds of benzoxazine monomers were synthesized and used to prepare polybenzoxazine anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with quaternary ammonium functionalization. The LQPBZ AEM exhibited better ion conductivity and alkaline stability.
Article
Polymer Science
Claire A. Lemarchand
Summary: This study investigates the shock behavior of three different polymers through molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal specificities in the shock behavior of polymers, including deviations from the linear relation between shock velocity and particle velocity, as well as differences in shear stress relaxation behind the shock front. It is found that the deviation of the Hugoniot locus is related to the change in the relative contribution of bonding and non-bonding potential energies, while polymers with higher glass transition temperatures exhibit slower shear stress relaxation.
Article
Polymer Science
Zengquan Liu, Xiaochun Yin, He Zhang, Shuo Gao, Qinglin Kuang, Yanhong Feng
Summary: A powder solid-state extension (PSSE) technology was proposed to address the high melt viscosity issue of UHMWPE. By uniaxial extension and sintering in the solid state, a highly self-reinforced material was prepared. X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques were used to study the structural evolution during the PSSE process, and a solid-phase induced transformation model was established.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhike Li, Anyu Luo, Rui Zhou, Xin Li, Haiyan Li
Summary: A novel high temperature resistance IL@SiO2 nanocapsules were successfully prepared and their friction and wear properties in PA6 composites were studied. The addition of IL@SiO2 nanocapsules reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate without affecting the mechanical properties of PA6. The synergy between the IL core and SiO2 wall in the nanocapsules improved the self-lubricating performance of the PA6 composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Xin Liu, Xuhong Guo, Qi Liao
Summary: In this study, an algorithm for accurately estimating viscosity is developed using molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo formula. This algorithm can be applied to complex systems with long correlations, such as macromolecular and biological simulation systems.
Article
Polymer Science
Hao Pu, Yun-Lei Hou, Jing -Zhou Chen, Dong -Lin Zhao
Summary: The use of modified graphene improves the interfacial adherence of carbon fibers to epoxy resin, resulting in enhanced interfacial and bending properties of CF and matrix in CF/EP composites, as well as increased interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength.
Article
Polymer Science
Wei-Chung Ke, Jin-Wei Lin, Manohar Reddy Busireddy, Yueh-Hsing Lee, Jiun-Tai Chen, Chain-Shu Hsu
Summary: This study introduces a crosslinkable monomer, TAIC, to synthesize three crosslinked polyimide films, which exhibit improved thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties. The introduction of TAIC enhances the tensile strength, reduces the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and decreases the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyimide films.
Article
Polymer Science
Alex Kwasi Kumi, Ruiling Fan, Ye Chen, Yumei Zhang
Summary: The difference in leaching of amylopectin from cellulose/amylopectin/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) blends during regeneration in water and aqueous ethanol has been studied. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the dissolution and regeneration mechanisms of amylopectin in [Bmim][Cl] are similar to cellulose in ionic liquids. Water regeneration leads to weak electrostatic interactions, resulting in high leaching of amylopectin. In contrast, ethanol-water interactions enhance electrostatic interactions among amylopectin chains, limiting amylopectin leaching in aqueous ethanol.
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zeng, Junwei Zhou, Junbiao Peng, Chunsheng Zhang, Danling Wang, Yihu Song, Qiang Zheng
Summary: This study utilizes an oligomer deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on polyethylene glycol to regulate the vulcanization kinetics of rubber. The results show that the DES can accelerate vulcanization at low temperatures without affecting the crosslinking density and Mullins effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Qianqian Yue, Yongfei Peng, Xingjian Liu, Aihua He, Huarong Nie
Summary: The addition of metal deactivators can effectively suppress the aging of TBIR, prolong its lifespan, and have no negative effects on its physical and processing properties. These research findings are of great importance for improving the stability and aging resistance of polymers.
Article
Polymer Science
J. Gomez-Caturla, J. Ivorra-Martinez, R. Tejada-Oliveros, V Moreno, D. Garcia-Garcia, R. Balart
Summary: This work focuses on the development of environmentally friendly PLA formulations by using different esters derived from geraniol as plasticizers. The results show that these esters have good compatibility with PLA, and they can effectively enhance the elongation and plasticity of PLA, reduce its glass transition temperature, and slightly improve its water absorption capabilities.
Article
Polymer Science
Dandan Li, Zhaohui Lu, Zhao Ke, Ke Xu, Fengna Dai, Youhai Yu, Guangtao Qian, Chunhai Chen
Summary: In this study, cross-linked PI aerogel membranes with low dielectric constant and high moisture resistance were prepared by co-polymerization and scraping coating technology. The incorporation of fluorinated blocks and benzimidazole ring structures resulted in novel PI aerogel membranes with fascinating dielectric properties and outstanding moisture resistance.
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyang Chu, Qing Zhang, Haihua Luo, Han Zhou, Fapei Zhang, Wei Chen, Wenhua Zhang
Summary: Multi-physical fields solution processing strategy is a universal and facile method for preparing various conjugated polymer films and high-performance devices. In this study, we employed a combined microfluidic flow and ultrasonication strategy (FU) for processing CP solutions, and found a pronounced synergetic effect in promoting the pre-ordering of chains in solution. The conformation order and anisotropy of the solution were revealed through various characterizations. A non-classical nucleation model for polymer crystallization in non-equilibrium solution processing was confirmed. The roles of microfluidic flow and ultrasonication in chain aggregation and crystallization were addressed through multi-physical simulations. Compared to pristine solutions, the FU strategy showed improved solution anisotropy and crystallization kinetics, resulting in higher crystallinity in films and increased mobilities in OFET devices. The FU processing strategy provides a universal approach for regulating chain conformation and aggregation in conjugated polymer solutions.
