Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Adithya Krishna, Divyansh Mittal, Siri Garudanagiri Virupaksha, Abhishek Ramdas Nair, Rishikesh Narayanan, Chetan Singh Thakur
Summary: The research has successfully implemented algorithmic and hardware structures mimicking the mammalian spatial navigation system, incorporating grid-cell, place-cell, and decoding modules in a multi-layer architecture to achieve navigation and path integration.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Hayley A. McNamara, Ian A. Cockburn
Summary: CD8(+) resident memory T (T-RM) cells from various tissues form a heterogeneous population. CD103(-) T-RM cells in the liver, independent of Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, maintain the ability to migrate to barrier tissues or return to secondary lymphoid organs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maj-Britt Holzel, Marcus H. C. Howlett, Maarten Kamermans
Summary: Contrary to our expectation, receptive field sizes in the Nyx(nob) retina had decreased for green-light preferring RGCs relative to wild-type mice, while the receptive fields of UV-light preferring RGCs were larger in both WT and Nyx(nob) mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Wenjing Wang, Wenxu Wang
Summary: Recent studies have shown that grid cells are influenced by the shape of the spatial environment, yet the cause of this deformation remains unclear. By optimizing a model exploring the functional interactions between place cells and grid cells, researchers were able to reproduce grid cell firing patterns in complex environments and make forward-looking predictions even in three-dimensional spatial grid patterns. This provides a possible explanation for how grid cells and place cells adapt to diverse external environments, deepening our understanding of the neural basis for constructing cognitive maps.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Kay Thurley
Summary: Place cells in the hippocampus process both path integration signals and sensory information about landmarks. A recent study demonstrates how localized olfactory cues interact with path integration to drive place cells, effectively turning these cues into landmarks.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tianqi Zhang, Boxin Wang, Xinyu Lu, Jiahuan Guo
Summary: This research investigates the effect of grid size on the tensile performance of basalt textile-reinforced concrete (BTRC) sheets. The results show that smaller grid size leads to more microcracks and enhanced tensile strength and bonding behavior. The study also establishes a bond-slip constitutive equation for the whole process of uniaxial stretching of BTRC sheets and verifies the applicability of the ACK and triple linear models in solving the constitutive relationship under uniaxial tension.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nina Recek, Rok Zaplotnik, Alenka Vesel, Gregor Primc, Peter Gselman, Miran Mozetic, Matej Holc
Summary: In this study, the effects of radio frequency oxygen plasma treatment on maize seeds were investigated. The results showed that plasma-treated seeds had a positive effect on plant yield. However, the differences were only partially significant. The presence of insect pests negatively affected the results in the first harvest year.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Can Zhang, Hao Tang, Nyatchouba Nsangue Bruno Thierry, Liqiang Yin, Feng Zhang, Meixi Zhu, Chenxu Shan, Liuxiong Xu, Fuxiang Hu
Summary: The grid plays a crucial role in constructing bycatch reduction devices, and its hydrodynamic characteristics and flow field significantly affect the effectiveness of the device. This study used numerical simulation and experimental methods to investigate the impact of inclination grid angles and grid bar spacing on hydrodynamic forces and flow fields around a circular grid. The results showed that higher flow velocity and inclination grid angles led to increased hydrodynamic forces on the circular grid, while smaller grid bar spacing reduced the forces. The study also revealed the presence of flow velocity acceleration zones, upwelling, and vortices around the grid, and the inclination grid angle accelerated the vortex and wake effects.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael D. Adoff, Jason R. Climer, Heydar Davoudi, Jonathan S. Marvin, Loren L. Looger, Daniel A. Dombeck
Summary: The study found that in behaving mice, hippocampal place cells receive increased excitatory synaptic input during traversals, mainly arising from inputs with spatial tuning overlapping the somatic field and clustered along dendrites. These results suggest that the increase in total excitatory input and co-activation of anatomically clustered synaptic input play a role in place firing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonore Duvelle, Roddy M. Grieves, Anyi Liu, Selim Jedidi-Ayoub, Joanna Holeniewska, Adam Harris, Nils Nyberg, Francesco Donnarumma, Julie M. Lefort, Kate J. Jeffery, Christopher Summerfield, Giovanni Pezzulo, Hugo J. Spiers
Summary: The study found that the dorsal CA1 place cells of rats have limited ability to encode environmental connectivity, primarily coding location in a global reference frame with minimal response to doorways and other locations.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Daeyeon Kim, Sung-Yun Lee, Kyungjun Min, Seokhyeong Kang
Summary: Design optimization methods using machine learning have been studied to reduce the number of design iterations in physical design flow. The lack of place-and-route benchmarks is a major problem for ML research. We introduce a framework to construct realistic P&R benchmarks for training ML applications. Our approach improves the model's ability to predict the routability of unseen real circuits, achieving significant improvement in F1 score for timing and routing failure prediction.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gadelha T. Filho Vinicius, Corigliano Silvia, Dimovski Aleksandar, Bolognesi Massimo, Merlo Marco
Summary: This study proposes a rural electrification strategy that utilizes GIS, graph theory, and terrain analysis to create the best electric network topology, aiming to achieve 100% coverage of the local population by expanding the medium-voltage distribution network. By considering factors such as cable sizing and substation connections, a more realistic and cost-efficient topology is achieved, leading to a reduction of up to 47% in total investment cost compared to standard procedures.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charlotte Deschamps, Delphine Humbert, Jurgen Zentek, Sylvain Denis, Nathalie Priymenko, Emmanuelle Apper, Stephanie Blanquet-Diot
Summary: This review paper examines the digestive physiology of dogs, focusing on the impact of size on anatomical and digestive parameters. Despite significant variability, interesting size effects were observed, particularly in the colonic compartment. The paper provides valuable data for academia and industry, supporting the development of personalized nutrition and health products for dogs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
K. Abe, H. Nakada
Summary: This study analyzes the PY rotational energy of nuclei through angular-momentum projection and an effective Hamiltonian, revealing that for light or weakly deformed nuclei, the ratios of individual Hamiltonian contributions are closely related to nuclides and deformation.
Article
Biology
Linda Joanne Rogers, Juliette Cornelia Harley, David Robert McKenzie, Natalka Suchowerska
Summary: This study investigates the effect of delivering radiation treatment in two equal parts with a time delay on cancer cell toxicity. The results show that this split dose treatment increases toxicity in cancer cells and improves the therapeutic ratio. Grid fields also enhance the toxic effect. This treatment method can improve outcomes by increasing cancer cell toxicity while preserving normal cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Behavioral Sciences
Benjamin Jainta, Sophie Siestrup, Nadiya El-Sourani, Ima Trempler, Moritz F. Wurm, Markus Werning, Sen Cheng, Ricarda I. Schubotz
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Abdelrahman Rayan, Jose R. Donoso, Marta Mendez-Couz, Laura Dolon, Sen Cheng, Denise Manahan-Vaughan
Summary: This study shows that hippocampal slow gamma oscillations play an important role in learning and memory, depending on the theta phase at which they occur. This is crucial for understanding the role of hippocampal subfields in cognitive processes.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zahra Fayyaz, Aya Altamimi, Carina Zoellner, Nicole Klein, Oliver T. Wolf, Sen Cheng, Laurenz Wiskott
Summary: This article presents a model of the generative aspects of episodic memory, proposing that the hippocampus stores and retrieves selected aspects of an episode while the neocortex fills in missing parts based on general semantic information. The model combines neural network architectures to complete missing parts of a memory trace and can generate plausible images from scratch. It also demonstrates compression and robustness to noise. Furthermore, the model reproduces the findings of an episodic memory experiment, highlighting the importance of semantically congruent contexts.
NEURAL COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Carina Zoellner, Nicole Klein, Sen Cheng, Ricarda Schubotz, Nikolai Axmacher, Oliver T. Wolf
Summary: Retrieved memories of past events are often inaccurate. The scenario construction model suggests that only the main information of an event is stored in memory and missing details are constructed using semantic information. This study used virtual reality to provide behavioral evidence for semantic construction and introduced new memory tests. The findings support the predictions of the scenario construction model.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mauro Enrique de Souza Munoz, Matheus Chaves Menezes, Edison Pignaton de Freitas, Sen Cheng, Paulo Rogerio de Almeida Ribeiro, Areolino de Almeida Neto, Alexandre Cesar Muniz de Oliveira
Summary: This article introduces SLAM technology and the xRatSLAM framework based on RatSLAM, and conducts testing and validation. The results show that xRatSLAM can generate maps similar to OpenRatSLAM, and framework components can be easily changed.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sandhiya Vijayabaskaran, Sen Cheng
Summary: Most species rely on navigation in space to find resources and return home. Humans and animals can use either an egocentric or an allocentric reference frame. This study investigated the circumstances in which one strategy is chosen over another and how neural representations relate to the chosen strategy. Deep reinforcement learning models were used to simulate navigation tasks, and it was found that the agent preferred the appropriate reference frame for each task but could also use the other frame when necessary. The nature of the task played a crucial role in determining the type of spatial representation that emerged.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sophie Siestrup, Benjamin Jainta, Sen Cheng, Ricarda I. Schubotz
Summary: The susceptibility of memory to modification depends on the stability of encoding. Regular and spaced retrieval of information improves memory stability and performance, but does not modulate the brain's episodic learning response to prediction errors.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laurel Watkins de Jong, Mohammadreza Mohagheghi Nejad, Euisik Yoon, Sen Cheng, Kamran Diba
Summary: Recurrent connectivity and feedback inhibition from inhibitory neurons play crucial roles in determining the dynamics and computational properties of neuronal circuits. Through optogenetic manipulations and large-scale unit recordings, paradoxical responses were observed in both CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, where subsets of cells increased firing during photoinhibition while others decreased firing during photoexcitation. These paradoxical responses were more prominent in CA3 and simulations confirmed that both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions exhibit inhibition-stabilized networks with strong recurrent excitation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eloy J. Parra-Barrero, Sen Cheng
Summary: Representing past, present and future locations is crucial for spatial navigation. The population of hippocampal place cells seems to represent trajectories starting behind the current position of the animal and sweeping ahead of it within each cycle of the theta oscillation. A computational model that considers behavior, sensory input and predefined network dynamics can explain these experimental observations and shed light on the hippocampal code.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Nicolas Diekmann, Sen Cheng, Payam Piray
Summary: Replay of neuronal sequences in the hippocampus during resting states and sleep is important for learning and memory consolidation. A stochastic replay mechanism that prioritizes experiences based on experience strength, similarity, and inhibition of return leads to better performance in training reinforcement learning agents.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Nicolas Diekmann, Sandhiya Vijayabaskaran, Xiangshuai Zeng, David Kappel, Matheus Chaves Menezes, Sen Cheng
Summary: This article introduces CoBeL-RL, a closed-loop simulator for complex behavior and learning based on reinforcement learning and deep neural networks. It provides a neuroscience-oriented framework for setting up and running simulations, offering virtual environments and reinforcement learning algorithms. CoBeL-RL also provides tools for monitoring and analyzing behavior and unit activity, filling an important gap in the software toolbox of computational neuroscience.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Xiangshuai Zeng, Nicolas Diekmann, Laurenz Wiskott, Sen Cheng
Summary: This article proposes two different modes, retrieval and replay, to explain how episodic memory drives future behavior. The study found that episodic memory benefits learning in certain conditions, but the performance difference is significant only when the task is complex and the learning trials are limited. Furthermore, the two modes of accessing episodic memory affect spatial learning differently. One-shot learning is typically faster, while replay learning may reach better asymptotic performance.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Matheus Menezes, Mauro Munoz, Edison Pignaton de Freitas, Sen Cheng, Areolino de Almeida Neto, Paulo Ribeiro, Alexandre Oliveira
Summary: To successfully perform autonomous navigation, mobile agents must solve the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. This work proposes a multisession solution that solves both scenarios in the multisession SLAM problem. The proposed approach merges data from the current mapping session with those previously stored if there are connections between these paths. This approach was tested in different scenarios and consistently obtained the entire map.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Eloy Parra-Barrero, Sandhiya Vijayabaskaran, Eddie Seabrook, Laurenz Wiskott, Sen Cheng
Summary: Spatial navigation has been extensively studied by neuroscientists, who have identified key brain areas and discovered many spatially selective cells. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how these pieces fit together to drive behavior, which is partly due to insufficient communication between behavioral and neuroscientific researchers. To address this issue, a taxonomy of navigation processes in mammals is proposed as a common framework for interdisciplinary research in the field. This taxonomy has proven useful in identifying potential problems with experimental approaches, designing targeted experiments, interpreting neural activity, and suggesting new avenues of research.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Behnam Ghazinouri, Mohammadreza Mohagheghi Nejad, Sen Cheng
Summary: Spatial learning is crucial for survival, and the neuronal mechanisms underlying it have been extensively studied, resulting in the discovery of place cells and boundary cells that represent spatial information in the brain. However, the functional role of these representations in driving spatial learning and navigation has been less explored. In this study, we utilized computational modeling and closed-loop simulations to investigate the functional role of spatial representations. Our results demonstrate that efficiently encoding spatial information is critical for navigation performance.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)