Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chris Overstreet, Peter Asenbaum, Joseph Curti, Minjeong Kim, Mark A. Kasevich
Summary: Gravity curves space and time, leading to time differences between freely falling, nonlocal trajectories. A study has found that a matter-wave interferometer is affected by gravitational phase shifts induced by a kilogram-scale source mass. The observed phase shift deviates from the predicted phase contribution and is consistent with Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jonathan I. Rawlinson, Csaba Fabri, Attila G. Csaszar
Summary: The Aharonov-Bohm effect has another application in chemistry, specifically in nuclear quantum dynamics and high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. The overall rotation of a symmetric-top molecule can influence internal vibrational motion dynamics similar to a solenoid carrying magnetic flux, and this effect can be used to understand the low-energy rovibrational energy-level structure of certain molecular ions.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shao-Wen Wei, Yu-Xiao Liu, Robert B. Mann
Summary: This article treats black hole solutions as defects in the thermodynamic parameter space and investigates the relationship between the topological number and the thermodynamic properties of black holes. By using the topological number, different black hole systems can be better distinguished and understood.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuval Ronen, Thomas Werkmeister, Danial Haie Najafabadi, Andrew T. Pierce, Laurel E. Anderson, Young Jae Shin, Si Young Lee, Young Hee Lee, Bobae Johnson, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Amir Yacoby, Philip Kim
Summary: Interferometers probe the wave-nature and exchange statistics of indistinguishable particles, enabling the observation and control of FQHE through graphene-based interferometers. Graphite-encapsulated architectures establish vdW heterostructures as a versatile alternative to GaAs-based interferometers for experiments targeting anyonic quasi-particles.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ismael L. Paiva, Pedro R. Dieguez, Renato M. Angelo, Eliahu Cohen
Summary: The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a fundamental topological phenomenon with various applications. In this study, the effect is analyzed using an entropic measure known as realism, which quantifies the degree of reality and is mathematically related to quantum coherence. The study finds that the realism of certain observables has a sudden change when the line connecting the wave packet crosses the solenoid, and discusses the consequences of these results.
Article
Optics
Xiang Li, Thors Hans Hansson, Wei Ku
Summary: The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a quantum effect that causes a measurable phase shift in the wave function of a charged particle encircling an inaccessible magnetic flux. While classically believed to be impossible, quantum mechanics reveals a local coupling between the particle's current and the electromagnetic vector potential A, extending beyond the region of finite magnetic field. This suggests the fundamental nature of A over B in quantum mechanics, despite A being unobservable.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zuhan Geng, Zitong Zhang, Fangting Chen, Shuai Yang, Yuying Jiang, Yichun Gao, Bingbing Tong, Wenyu Song, Wentao Miao, Ruidong Li, Yuhao Wang, Qinghua Zhang, Fanqi Meng, Lin Gu, Kejing Zhu, Yunyi Zang, Lin Li, Runan Shang, Xiao Feng, Qi-Kun Xue, Ke He, Hao Zhang
Summary: We report phase coherent electron transport in PbTe nanowire networks with a loop geometry. Magnetoconductance shows Aharonov-Bohm oscillations with periods of h/e and h/2e in flux. The amplitudes of h/2e oscillations are enhanced near zero magnetic field, possibly due to interference between time-reversal paths. Temperature dependence of the AB amplitudes suggests a phase coherence length similar to 8-12 μm at 50 mK. This length scale is larger than the typical geometry of PbTe-based hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowire devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingming Li, Jian-Jun Liu, Ying-Tao Zhang
Summary: In this study, we investigate the topological properties, energy spectrum, and persistent currents of a non-Hermitian ring with anti-Hermitian hopping terms, showing that the anti-Hermitian hopping can induce a synthetic gauge field and exhibit Aharonov-Bohm effect. The system supports imaginary persistent currents with a real energy gap in the topological phase, while supporting real persistent currents with an imaginary energy gap in the trivial phase. Additionally, the transport property of a non-Hermitian Aharonov-Bohm ring connected by two semi-infinite leads displays Aharonov-Bohm quantum oscillations in the transmission coefficient as a function of the synthetic gauge field.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patricia Martinez-Rojas, M. Esperanza Benavides-Vergara, Francisco J. Pena, Patricio Vargas
Summary: In this work, the caloric effect for an electronic system of the antidot type is investigated. The system is modeled by combining a repulsive and attractive potential, and the energy levels are obtained analytically. It is found that controlling the caloric response of the system can be achieved by varying the AB-flux intensity. The results show that the maximization of the effect always occurs at the same AB-flux intensity in the absence of an external magnetic field, while fixing the magnetic field breaks this symmetry and changes the point of maximization.
Article
Optics
Jonathan Wei Zhong Lau, Koon Siang Gan, Rainer Dumke, Luigi Amico, Leong-Chuan Kwek, Tobias Haug
Summary: We have studied a multifunctional device for cold atoms, which is composed of a three-terminal ring circuit with a synthetic magnetic flux. The device exhibits a flux-induced transition of reflections from negative density to positive density, and can also direct the atomic current into specific output ports, enabling flexible nonreciprocal switching. By changing the flux linearly in time, constant matter wave currents can be converted into AC modulated currents. Our work demonstrates the potential for using atomtronic devices in practical applications in quantum technologies.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
John Dougherty
Summary: The paper defends the common topological interpretation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect against criticisms by Elay Shech and John Earman. It argues that their emphasis on boundary conditions and idealizations in certain cases of the effect is misplaced. The paper concludes that the topological interpretation does not presuppose unjustified idealizations and that the role of boundary conditions in the effect is exaggerated.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dimitrios Psaltis, Colm Talbot, Ethan Payne, Ilya Mandel
Summary: This paper quantifies the potential upper bounds on black-hole metric deviations based on observations of black-hole shadows and binary black-hole inspirals. The study finds no evidence for deviations from the Kerr metric within the 8 orders of magnitude in mass and 16 orders in curvature spanned by the black holes. Future discoveries of coalescing black-hole binaries with low-mass components may help break the degeneracy between deviation parameters.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V Brosco, L. Pilozzi, C. Conti
Summary: This study investigates the Aharonov-Bohm caging effect in a one-dimensional lattice of theta-shaped units, where light trapping results from the destructive interference of waves propagating along three arms. The caging effect is tunable and controllable by changing the tunnel couplings J, which is reflected in the diffraction pattern and establishes a clear connection between the lattice topology and the resulting AB interference.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kun Luo, Hao Geng, Li Sheng, Wei Chen, D. Y. Xing
Summary: The study demonstrates that the spatial configurations of hinge states in 3D HOTIs can be clearly revealed by using interfering loops composed of two basic magnetic fluxes. The frequency components of conductance oscillations are universally related, facilitating the exploration of the AB effect in 3D HOTIs.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kolahal Bhattacharya
Summary: This paper presents a novel semi-classical theory on the electrostatic and magnetostatic fields, addressing the nonlocality problem within the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The study reveals that the quantum nature of these fields only manifests under certain conditions, where the wave amplitudes exist in regions where classical fields are absent, and operate locally on electron wave functions. This formulation also provides insights into the quantization of electric charges and magnetic flux.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nelson R. F. Braga, Octavio C. Junqueira
Summary: This study investigates the influence of rotation on the transition temperature of strongly interacting matter produced in non-central heavy ion collisions. By using a holographic description of an AdS black hole, the authors extend the analysis to the more realistic case where the matter spreads over a region around the rotational axis. The results show the coexistence of confined and deconfined phases and are consistent with the concept of local temperature in rotating frames developed by Tolman and Ehrenfest.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bing Sun, Jiachen An, Zhoujian Cao
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of gravitational constant variation on the propagation of gravitational waves. By employing two analytical methods, the study finds that variations in the gravitational constant result in amplitude and phase corrections for gravitational waves, and the time variation of the gravitational constant can be constrained through the propagation of gravitational waves.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abdellah Touati, Zaim Slimane
Summary: This letter presents the first study of Hawking radiation as a tunneling process within the framework of non-commutative gauge theory of gravity. The non-commutative Schwarzschild black hole is reconstructed using the Seiberg-Witten map and the star product. The emission spectrum of outgoing massless particles is computed using the quantum tunneling mechanism. The results reveal pure thermal radiation in the low-frequency scenario, but a deviation from pure thermal radiation in the high-frequency scenario due to energy conservation. It is also found that noncommutativity enhances the correlations between successively emitted particles.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shahar Hod
Summary: The travel times of light signals between two antipodal points on a compact star's surface are calculated for two different trajectories. It is shown that, for highly dense stars, the longer trajectory along the surface may have a shorter travel time as measured by asymptotic observers. A critical value of the dimensionless density-area parameter is determined for constant density stars to distinguish cases where crossing through the star's center or following a semi-circular trajectory on the surface has a shorter travel time as measured by asymptotic observers.