Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Martin P. P. Martinov, Elizabeth M. M. Fletcher, Rowan M. M. Thomson
Summary: This study used multiscale Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate variations in cytoplasm and nucleus dose enhancement factors over tumor volumes. The results showed that cell/nucleus size, gold particle distribution, gold concentration, and cell position in the tumor all had significant effects on the dose. This highlights the importance of choosing the proper computational model and accounting for intrinsic variations in cell/nucleus size and gold concentration when simulating gold nanoparticle dose-enhanced radiation therapy.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Martin P. Martinov, Elizabeth M. Fletcher, Rowan M. Thomson
Summary: This study investigates the dose-enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the arrangement of gold nanoparticles, gold concentration, and photon energy significantly affect the dose enhancement factors at the nucleus and cytoplasm levels.
Article
Oncology
Elena Vlastou, Evaggelos Pantelis, Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos, Pantelis Karaiskos, Vasileios Kouloulias, Kalliopi Platoni
Summary: This study investigates the dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under different irradiation conditions. The results suggest that a significant dose increase can be achieved, especially at close distances to AuNPs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. Mutsakanyi, D. van Eeden, F. C. P. du Plessis
Summary: This study used Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effect of different moderators on slowing down 6 MeV electrons before striking a tungsten target, and studied the dose-effect when using the generated x-ray beam to treat a tumor enriched with gold nanoparticles. The results showed that water and carbon moderators can effectively slow down electrons and enhance the dose in the tumor.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexis Grimaud, Florian Dorchies, Alessandra Serva, Dorian Crevel, Jeremy De Freitas, Nikolaos Kostopoulos, Marc Robert, Ozlem Sel, Mathieu Salanne
Summary: The electrocatalytic epoxidation of alkenes using water as the sole oxygen source is a promising route toward sustainable synthesis of epoxides. In this study, the electrocatalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene at the surface of gold in hybrid organic/aqueous mixtures using acetonitrile solvent was investigated. The research demonstrated that a sacrificial mechanism is responsible for the epoxidation reaction, and the hydrophilicity of the electrode/electrolyte interface can be tuned to affect the reaction selectivity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Younghoon Oh, Qiang Cui
Summary: In this study, a non-equilibrium transport mechanism for 6 nm diameter nanoparticles across lipid membranes is investigated. The simulations show that the transport efficiency is relatively insensitive to the fraction of reactive surface ligands, but the distribution pattern of different ligands on the nanoparticle surface has a notable impact on both insertion and ejection steps. This study provides a novel approach for designing efficient internalization of nanoparticles and offers guidelines for surface functionalization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Margaret Rosenberg, Sofia Kantorovich
Summary: In recent years, there has been increased interest in magnetic nanoparticles with non-spherical shapes due to their tunable properties. However, most of the existing theories and models focus on spherical particles, and little research has been done on non-spherical particles. This paper explores the microstructure and magnetic susceptibility of anisometric dipolar magnetic nanoplatelets and finds significant differences compared to spherical particles. By providing explanations and predictions, this research aims to facilitate the use of magnetic nanoplatelet suspensions in various applications.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hans Rabus, Philine Hepperle, Christoph Schlueter, Andrei Hloskovsky, Woon Yong Baek
Summary: The electron emission spectra of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) after photon interaction were measured to provide reference data for Monte Carlo radiation-transport simulations. The experiments were conducted using the HAXPES spectrometer at the PETRA III high-brilliance beamline P22 at DESY, Germany. The study focused on AuNPs samples with different diameters on carbon foils.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
D. Brivio, E. Sajo, P. Zygmanski
Summary: The proposed MVIPE technique for detecting gold nanoparticles in therapeutic megavoltage x-ray beams shows a higher production of annihilation photons compared to XFCT. Coincidence counting in MVIPE allows for avoiding limitations seen in XFCT imaging.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mengmeng Liu, Fei Wang, Xueli Zhang, Xiuhai Mao, Lihua Wang, Yang Tian, Chunhai Fan, Qian Li
Summary: This method provides a step-by-step correlative imaging approach to investigate plasmonic NPs of different aggregation states in single cells. By using dark-field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, the clustering states of SNAs in a single cell can be efficiently distinguished and tracked in real time within 20 seconds. The entire procedure can be completed in 3-5 days and requires standard imaging and data analysis skills and equipment.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maritina Rouchota, George Loudos, George C. Kagadis
Summary: A simulation platform has been developed to predict contrast induction and minimum detectable concentration of Gold Nanoparticles on X-ray systems, applicable to preclinical and clinical studies. This model could facilitate the deployment of GNPs in radiology imaging.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Samer Bakr, Tibor Kibedi, Bryan Tee, David Bolst, Maarten Vos, Mohammed Alotiby, Laurent Desorgher, Dennis Herbert Wright, Alfonso Mantero, Anatoly Rosenfeld, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Sebastien Incerti, Susanna Guatelli
Summary: Auger emitting radioisotopes are crucial in targeted radiotherapy as they can deliver dose to tumor cells while sparing surrounding tissues. Geant4, a Monte Carlo code, is widely used to study the physical mechanisms involved. In this study, the modeling of Auger electron emission from various radionuclides in Geant4 was benchmarked against theoretical approaches and experimental data, showing good agreement between simulation and reference data. This is the first study to validate the emission of Auger electrons in Geant4 for radiotherapy applications.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Xiangrong Li, Wei Guo, Ruonan Xu, Zhizhi Song, Tianjun Ni
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between gold nanoparticles and various proteins using spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that gold nanoparticles can form a stable protein corona by interacting with proteins, and the nature of the interaction depends on the characteristics of the proteins.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bas M. Bavelaar, Lei Song, Mark R. Jackson, Sarah Able, Ole Tietz, Irini Skaripa-Koukelli, Philip A. Waghorn, Martin R. Gill, Robert C. Carlisle, Madalena Tarsounas, Katherine A. Vallis
Summary: In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to enhance cellular uptake of oligonucleotides targeting telomerase. The addition of Tat to AuNPs increased nuclear localization and induced DNA double-strand breaks in telomerase-positive cells. In-111-Match-AuNP-Tat shows promise as a vector for delivering radionuclides to cancer cells while sensitizing them to the effects of emitted radiation.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Indra Memdi Khoris, Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina, Tetsuro Suzuki, Enoch Y. Park
Summary: By co-precipitating the chromogen TMB in aqueous solution, collective nanoparticles TMB-NPs were formed and enriched in PLGA nanovesicles using a molecular delivery approach. The developed colorimetric sensor demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting influenza virus and other respiratory viruses, showcasing practical applications for airborne virus detection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takanori Hioki, Yaser H. Gholami, Kelly J. McKelvey, Alireza Aslani, Harry Marquis, Enid M. Eslick, Kathy P. Willowson, Viive M. Howell, Dale L. Bailey
Summary: The study showed cytotoxicity of beta(+) emitters on prostate cancer cells and Monte Carlo simulation revealed thermalized positrons can damage DNA, indicating a potential therapeutic role for beta(+) emitters.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
H. Marquis, D. Deidda, A. Gillman, K. P. Willowson, Y. Gholami, T. Hioki, E. Eslick, K. Thielemans, D. L. Bailey
Summary: The SPECTRE approach to image reconstruction in theranostic setting shows promise in improving accuracy of radioactivity concentrations and treatment assessment by utilizing PET images to guide higher-resolution SPECT reconstructions. Further investigation and optimization of the algorithm parameters are needed before clinical implementation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel Hochstetter, Ruomin Zhu, Alon Loeffler, Adrian Diaz-Alvarez, Tomonobu Nakayama, Zdenka Kuncic
Summary: Neuromorphic nanowire networks exhibit neural-like dynamics, including phase transitions and avalanche criticality. The dynamical state at the edge-of-chaos is optimal for learning complex information processing tasks.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruomin Zhu, Joel Hochstetter, Alon Loeffler, Adrian Diaz-Alvarez, Tomonobu Nakayama, Joseph T. Lizier, Zdenka Kuncic
Summary: Researchers investigate the dynamics of how neuromorphic nanowire networks process information through information-theoretic metrics, finding that central parts of networks play a crucial role in information flow, and that Transfer Entropy and Active Information Storage are maximized when networks transition from a quiescent to an active state.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Denxybel Montinola, Aimee L. McNamara, Zdenka Kuncic, Hilary L. Byrne
Summary: The study investigates the effect of a magnetic field on the pattern of dose deposition at the micrometer air-tissue interfaces of lung alveoli, as well as the impact of incorporating nanoparticles. The results indicate that the magnetic field produces dose inhomogeneities in the surrounding tissue of micrometer air cavities irradiated with low energy electrons, and that the addition of nanoparticles increases energy deposit in the alveolus air cavity regardless of magnetic field strength. Further investigation is warranted to assess the biological impact of micrometer-scale dose inhomogeneity on tumor response and normal tissue complication probability.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Ana Marija Kozuljevic, Damir Bosnar, Zdenka Kuncic, Mihael Makek, Siddharth Parashari, Petar Zugec
Summary: This passage discusses the creation of gamma photons with orthogonal polarizations when a positron annihilates, and the use of coincidence measurements for estimating their initial relative polarization orientation. The study utilizes Monte Carlo simulations to model two detector configurations for measuring gamma-ray polarization in PET, with the configuration based on GAGG crystals demonstrating slightly better polarimetric performance than the one based on LYSO crystals.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
James Grover, Hilary L. Byrne, Yu Sun, John Kipritidis, Paul Keall
Summary: This study investigates the application of machine learning as an alternative method to produce CT ventilation images (CTVI) using a convolutional neural network. The results demonstrate that the performance of this machine learning method in producing CTVI is comparable to the gold-standard Galligas PET ventilation images, but there are visual differences in terms of overprediction of lung ventilation and jagged ventilation regions in CTVI.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Siddharth Parashari, Tomislav Bokulic, Damir Bosnar, Ana Marija Kozuljevic, Zdenka Kuncic, Petar Zugec, Mihael Makek
Summary: This article introduces a method that utilizes gamma-ray polarization in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to improve the signal-to-background ratio in imaging. Through experimental research, it is found that finer detector segmentation plays a leading role in achieving higher modulation factors.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hilary L. Byrne, Elisabeth Steiner, Jeremy Booth, Gillian Lamoury, Marita Morgia, Kylie Richardson, Leigh Ambrose, Kuldeep Makhija, Cameron Stanton, Benjamin Zwan, Regina Bromley, John Atyeo, Shona Silvester, Natalie Plant, Paul Keall
Summary: The BRAVEHeart trial aims to evaluate the accuracy and usability of a novel device, Breathe Well, for guiding deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) in left-sided breast cancer patients. Compared to the existing monitoring system RPM, Breathe Well has higher accuracy in monitoring chest wall motion and can help reduce cardiac dose during radiotherapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alon Loeffler, Adrian Diaz-Alvarez, Ruomin Zhu, Natesh Ganesh, James M. Shine, Tomonobu Nakayama, Zdenka Kuncic
Summary: Nanowire networks (NWNs) can mimic the connectivity and dynamics of the brain, including the synaptic processes involved in higher-order cognitive functions. In this study, NWNs were used to replicate variations of the n-back task, a commonly used measure of human working memory. The NWNs were able to retain information in working memory for at least seven steps back, similar to the capacity of human subjects. Simulations further revealed the plasticity of NWN junctions and how memory consolidation occurs through strengthening and pruning of synaptic conductance pathways.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Ciaran A. J. O'Hare, Vassili G. Matsos, Joseph Newton, Karl Smith, Joel Hochstetter, Ravi Jaiswar, Wunna Kyaw, Aimee McNamara, Zdenka Kuncic, Sushma Nagaraja Grellscheid, Celine Boehm
Summary: The study presents the first proof-of-concept simulations of detectors using biomaterials to detect particle interactions. The DNA detector concept involves attaching single or double-stranded nucleic acids to a high-density material, allowing for the reconstruction of the position of particle interactions with nm precision. While particle identification and energy reconstruction may be challenging, the DNA detector shows promise in terms of angular and spatial resolution, making it a potentially cost-effective, portable, and powerful new particle detection technology.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nicholas J. Hunt, Peter A. G. McCourt, Zdenka Kuncic, David G. Le Couteur, Victoria C. Cogger
Summary: Nanotherapeutics utilize nanomaterials to alter the pharmacology of drugs, providing an opportunity to optimize drug efficacy and benefit elderly individuals who rely on hepatic action.
FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Christopher S. Dunham, Sam Lilak, Joel Hochstetter, Alon Loeffler, Ruomin Zhu, Charles Chase, Adam Z. Stieg, Zdenka Kuncic, James K. Gimzewski
Summary: This perspective discusses the use of abiotic neuromorphic nanowire networks to study critical dynamics in complex adaptive systems, highlighting their key dynamical characteristics and potential for computation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-COMPLEXITY
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zdenka Kuncic, Tomonobu Nakayama
Summary: Nanowire networks, with self-assembling properties, exhibit complex network circuitry and high interconnectivity due to resistive switching memory cross-point junctions. The coupling of nonlinear memristive dynamics to network topology leads to intrinsic adaptiveness and emergent non-local dynamics.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2021)