期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 372, 期 1733, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0363
关键词
X-chromosome inactivation; pluripotent stem cells; X-chromosome dampening; Xist; Xact
类别
资金
- Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA F31 Fellowship [GM115122]
- Fowler Fellowship
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- NIH [R01 GM115233]
- Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)
- Ligue contre le Cancer
The human blastocyst forms 5 days after one of the smallest human cells (the sperm) fertilizes one of the largest human cells (the egg). Depending on the sex-chromosome contribution from the sperm, the resulting embryo will either be female, with two X chromosomes (XX), or male, with an X and a Y chromosome (XY). In early development, one of the major differences between XX female and XY male embryos is the conserved process of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), which compensates gene expression of the two female X chromosomes to match the dosage of the single X chromosome of males. Most of our understanding of the pre-XCI state and XCI establishment is based on mouse studies, but recent evidence from human pre-implantation embryo research suggests that many of the molecular steps defined in the mouse are not conserved in human. Here, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the control of X-chromosome dosage compensation in early human embryonic development and compare it to that of the mouse. This article is part of the themed issue 'X-chromosome inactivation: a tribute to Mary Lyon'.
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