Review
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Elena Mariotti Zani, Lisa Torelli, Sara Scavone, Maddalena Petraroli, Viviana Patianna, Barbara Predieri, Lorenzo Iughetti, Nicola Principi
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is the most common pediatric endocrine disease with an increased infection risk and lower immune response to vaccines; further research is needed to establish the most effective and safe vaccine use in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
F. V. Bitencourt, G. G. Nascimento, S. A. Costa, A. Andersen, A. Sandbaek, F. R. M. Leite
Summary: Periodontitis is associated with diabetes mellitus and may be one of its complications. This study found that periodontitis clusters with other diabetes-related complications such as cardiovascular diseases, proteinuria, and hypertension. The findings suggest that periodontal tissue breakdown can serve as a valuable screening tool for other well-known diabetes-related complications.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Giovanni Santacroce, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Nicola Aronico, Emanuela Miceli, Elisabetta Lovati, Pietro Carlo Lucotti, Luigi Coppola, Antonella Gentile, Mario Andrea Latorre, Francesco Di Terlizzi, Simone Soriano, Chiara Frigerio, Ivan Pellegrino, Alessandra Pasini, Cristina Ubezio, Jacopo Mambella, Roberta Canta, Alessandra Fusco, Giovanni Rigano, Antonio Di Sabatino
Summary: Conflicting data regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune disorders are currently available. This study assessed the susceptibility to COVID-19 in drug-naive patients with autoimmune diseases and found that autoimmunity per se does not increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. The study also suggests that COVID-19 is mild in these patients.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ekua W. Brenu, Mark Harris, Emma E. Hamilton-Williams
Summary: This systematic review evaluates novel circulating biomarkers associated with future progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study found that some circulating biomarkers are dysregulated before T1D diagnosis and may be useful in predicting the risk and rate of progression to T1D. However, further research is needed to validate these biomarkers and assess their predictive accuracy.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lokesh Sharma, Siddhnath Sudhanshu, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia, Preeti Dabadghao
Summary: The prevalence of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes in north India is relatively high, with a significant proportion showing symptomatic presentation at diagnosis and a younger age of onset.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hanna Soederstrom, Julia Rehn, Matti Cervin, Cathrine Ahlstermark, Mara Cerqueiro Bybrant, Annelie Carlsson
Summary: Children with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) have lower compliance to a gluten-free diet compared to children with CD only. Results suggest that intensified dietary support may be necessary for children with both T1D and CD, particularly for older children and those with poor metabolic control.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ake Lernmark, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Richard McIndoe, Marian Rewers, Jorma Toppari, Kendra Vehik, Anette-G. Ziegler, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: The etiology of type 1 diabetes involves pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that leads to the clinical onset of the disease. By testing autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2, and ZnT8 transporter, children can be monitored from birth until the appearance of the first islet autoantibody. The incidence rate of the first-appearing autoantibody follows two different patterns, and an innate immune reaction may precede the adaptive response.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
S. Alice Long, Jane H. Buckner
Summary: This review examines the current understanding of the etiology of Type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on the role of immune cells in the progression of the disease. It also highlights how this knowledge is driving the development of immunotherapies for the prevention and treatment of T1D.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicoline H. M. den Hollander, Bart O. O. Roep
Summary: This review discusses the risk factors, pathophysiology, and defect pathways of type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as different intervention strategies based on patient characteristics. It highlights the potential benefits of depleting T cells or targeting B lymphocytes in early-onset T1D and the need for more sophisticated, precise, and specific disease-modifying therapies for slow-progressing T1D in adults. The use of genetic editing and immune profiling may aid in determining the specific T1D endotypes patients suffer from. Stratification of endotypes in clinical trials seems essential for precision medicines and clinical decision making.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Agnieszka Zubkiewicz-Kucharska, Tatiana Jamer, Joanna Chrzanowska, Katarzyna Akutko, Tomasz Pytrus, Andrzej Stawarski, Anna Noczynska
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of different haplotypes predisposing to celiac disease (CD) in children and adolescents with previously diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study found that the prevalence of HLA DQ2.5 and the HLA DQ2.5/HLA DQ8 configuration is higher in patients with T1D and CD compared to children with T1D alone. The combination of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 most significantly increases the risk of developing CD. Most T1D patients who are HLA DQ2/DQ8 positive need further regular antibody assessment. Genetic testing may be considered in T1D patients at high risk of developing CD to select those who require further systematic serological evaluation.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ranjeny Thomas, Jose M. Carballido, Johnna D. Wesley, Simi T. Ahmed
Summary: Antigen-specific immunotherapy shows promise for treating type 1 diabetes, but faces obstacles in clinical translation. The key to overcoming these challenges lies in collaboration and cooperation among various stakeholders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paul M. H. Tran, Fran Dong, Eileen Kim, Katherine P. Richardson, Lynn K. H. Tran, Kathleen Waugh, Diane Hopkins, Richard D. Cummings, Peng George Wang, Marian J. Rewers, Jin-Xiong She, Sharad Purohit
Summary: This study investigates glycan reactive anti-carbohydrate antibodies (ACA) in a childhood diabetes cohort and finds associations between clusters of ACA and disease progression. Specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies (ACAs) are identified as potential biomarkers for type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis and progression. The study shows that ACAs against different glycans are associated with T1D progression and improve the discrimination of T1D status.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Erin Strachan, Xavier Clemente-Casares, Sue Tsai
Summary: Maternal influences on the immune health and development of an infant begin in utero and continue after birth, shaping and educating the child's immune system. Two important provisions from the mother include early microbial colonizers and the transfer of antibodies. These provisions help educate the developing neonatal immune system, connecting with the microbiota and influencing disease development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zachary J. J. Morse, Rachel L. L. Simister, Sean A. A. Crowe, Marc S. S. Horwitz, Lisa C. C. Osborne
Summary: Autoimmune disorders are complex diseases whose etiology is unclear. Evidence suggests that genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play a critical role. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), enterovirus infection and disruption of the intestinal microbiota have been independently associated with T1D onset. However, the interaction between viral infection and the intestinal microbiota remains unknown.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paulina Oboza, Natalia Ogarek, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Piotr Kocelak
Summary: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to its development. The incidence of T1D and obesity has been increasing, particularly among young individuals. Research shows that overweight or obesity is prevalent in T1D patients and is associated with various risk factors. The coexistence of T1D and T2D, known as double or hybrid diabetes, increases the risk of complications and reduces life expectancy. This review aims to summarize the relationship between overweight/obesity and T1D.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marisa Stahl, Qian Li, Kristian Lynch, Sibylle Koletzko, Pooja Mehta, Loren Gragert, Jill M. Norris, Carin Andren Aronsson, Katri Lindfors, Kalle Kurppa, Jorma Ilonen, Jeffrey Krischer, Beena Alkolkar, Anette-G Ziegler, Jorma Toppari, Marian J. Rewers, Daniel Agardh, William Hagopian, Edwin Liu, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: The study examines regional differences in celiac disease (CD) development among children in Europe and the United States. The incidence of CD varied by region, with Swedish children having the highest incidence at 3%. In the United States, the incidence was highest in Colorado at 2.4%.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiang Liu, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Kristian F. Lynch, Kerry Cordan, Russell Pate, Martha D. Butterworth, Ake Lernmark, William A. Hagopian, Marian J. Rewers, Richard A. McIndoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G. Ziegler, Beena Akolkar, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Jimin Yang, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: This study found that increasing the daily duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity can reduce the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in children aged 5-15 who have multiple islet autoantibodies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Steffen U. Thorsen, Xiang Liu, Yachana Kataria, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Simranjeet Kaur, Ulla Uusitalo, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jill M. Norris, Marian Rewers, William Hagopian, Jimin Yang, Jin-Xiong She, Beena Akolkar, Stephen Rich, Carin Andren Aronsson, Ake Lernmark, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Jorma Toppari, Jeffrey Krischer, Hemang M. Parikh, Christina Ellervik, Jannet Svensson
Summary: It is found that iron intake and genetically determined iron overload may interact in predisposing to the development of childhood islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. A U-shaped association between iron intake and risk of GAD antibody as the first autoantibody in children was found. High iron intake was associated with an increased risk of IA with insulin as the first autoantibody in children with 2 or more iron risk alleles.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ake Lernmark, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Richard McIndoe, Marian Rewers, Jorma Toppari, Kendra Vehik, Anette-G. Ziegler, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: The etiology of type 1 diabetes involves pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that leads to the clinical onset of the disease. By testing autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2, and ZnT8 transporter, children can be monitored from birth until the appearance of the first islet autoantibody. The incidence rate of the first-appearing autoantibody follows two different patterns, and an innate immune reaction may precede the adaptive response.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alina Popp, Pilvi Laurikka, Diana Czika, Kalle Kurppa
Summary: Duodenal biopsy is the best method for diagnosing celiac disease, but there is increasing use of serology. Gluten challenge may be necessary if a person has reduced gluten intake before diagnosis. The optimal protocol for the challenge is still unclear.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hanna Riekki, Linnea Aitokari, Laura Kivela, Siiri Lahti, Pauliina Hiltunen, Nina Vuorela, Heini Huhtala, Timo A. Lakka, Kalle Kurppa
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and metabolic co-morbidities of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in overweight children. The prevalence of MAFLD was 15%, with higher rates in boys than girls, and was associated with gender, puberty stage, disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, age, and BMI.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Iida Ahonen, Pilvi Laurikka, Sara Koskimaa, Heini Huhtala, Katri Lindfors, Katri Kaukinen, Kalle Kurppa, Laura Kivela
Summary: Vomiting and nausea appear to be specific symptoms associated with gluten ingestion in treated celiac disease. However, the overall prevalence and factors related to these symptoms during chronic gluten exposure and acute re-exposure remain unclear.
BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Claire L. Leiser, Eric A. Whitsel, Alexander Reiner, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Kent D. Taylor, Russel P. Tracy, Charles Kooperberg, Albert Vernon Smith, JoAnn E. Manson, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Alexander G. Bick, Adam A. Szpiro, Joel D. Kaufman
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the association between air pollution and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). The results showed no evidence of an association between air pollution and CHIP prevalence in two large observational cohorts.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medical Laboratory Technology
David B. Sacks, Mark Arnold, George L. Bakris, David E. Bruns, Andrea R. Horvath, Ake Lernmark, Boyd E. Metzger, David M. Nathan, M. Sue Kirkman
Summary: This article summarizes the scientific evidence and recommendations for laboratory tests used in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the evidence supporting these tests varies, so an expert committee evaluated and compiled evidence-based recommendations. The guidelines were reviewed and revised based on feedback from reviewers and the public. They were then reviewed and approved by multiple professional organizations.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
David B. Sacks, Mark Arnold, George L. Bakris, David E. Bruns, Andrea R. Horvath, Ake Lernmark, Boyd E. Metzger, David M. Nathan, M. Sue Kirkman
Summary: This passage discusses the use of laboratory tests in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus, and provides evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of diabetes.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David B. Sacks, Mark Arnold, George L. Bakris, David E. Bruns, Andrea R. Horvath, Ake Lernmark, Boyd E. Metzger, David M. Nathan, M. Sue Kirkman
Summary: This article provides evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in patients with diabetes, including diagnostic methods, monitoring of glycemic control, and measurement of other related markers. The recommendations are based on published data or expert consensus.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ulla Uusitalo, Lazarus K. Mramba, Carin Andren Aronsson, Kendra Vehik, Jimin Yang, Sandra Hummel, Ake Lernmark, Marian Rewers, William Hagopian, Richard Mcindoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G. Ziegler, Beena Akolkar, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jill M. Norris, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the interaction among HLA genotype, early probiotic exposure, and timing of complementary foods in relation to the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). The results showed that early introduction of solid foods (<6 months) was associated with increased IA risk in children with the HLA DR3/4 genotype and no probiotic exposure during the first year of life. Introducing rice at 4-5.9 months, compared to other time periods in the US, was also associated with an increased risk of IA.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeffrey P. Krischer, Ake Lernmark, William A. Hagopian, Marian J. Rewers, Richard McIndoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Beena Akolkar
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Juha Taavela, Kalle Kurppa, Tuija Jaaskelainen, Niina E. Kaartinen, Harri Rissanen, Heini Huhtala, Markku Maki, Katri Kaukinen
Summary: The prevalence of coeliac disease in Finland has been increasing over the years, with positive TGA without EmA, TGA values in the upper normal range, and pre-existing autoimmune diseases as predictors of developing the disease.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jamie L. Felton, Kurt J. Griffin, Richard A. Oram, Cate Speake, S. Alice Long, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Stephen S. Rich, Gabriela S. F. Monaco, Carmella Evans-Molina, Linda A. DiMeglio, Heba M. Ismail, Andrea K. Steck, Dana Dabelea, Randi K. Johnson, Marzhan Urazbayeva, Stephen Gitelman, John M. Wentworth, Maria J. Redondo, Emily K. Sims
Summary: This article provides an overview of T1D disease modifying therapies and features linked to treatment response through a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials. The quality of prevention and intervention trials is generally high, but the quality of precision analyses is low, and certain factors should be considered in future trial designs.
COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE
(2023)
