Caudal analgesia, hypospadias, and urethrocutaneous fistula: Does association mean causality?

Cause and Effect versus Confounding—Is There a True Association between Caudal Blocks and Tubularized Incised Plate Repair Complications?

(2017) Luis H. Braga et al.   JOURNAL OF UROLOGY

Impact of caudal block on postoperative complications in children undergoing tubularised incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias repair: a retrospective cohort study

(2016) M. H. Kim et al.   ANAESTHESIA

A retrospective evaluation of fistula formation in children undergoing hypospadias repair and caudal anesthesia

(2016) Leonie Kreysing et al.   PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

Hypospadias: Are we as good as we think when we correct proximal hypospadias?

(2016) C.J. Long et al.   Journal of Pediatric Urology

Urethrocutaneous fistula following hypospadias repair: regional anesthesia and other factors

(2015) Raza H. Zaidi et al.   PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block

(2011) Pankaj Kundra et al.   PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

The Effect of Epidural Anesthesia on Muscle Flap Tolerance to Venous Ischemia

(2009) Cenk Cayci et al.   PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY