Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinjie Guan, Ashok Iyaswamy, Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy, Chengfu Su, Zhou Zhu, Jia Liu, Yuxuan Kan, King-Ho Cheung, Jiahong Lu, Jieqiong Tan, Min Li
Summary: Selective autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and regulating selective autophagy can be an effective strategy for controlling this pathological process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Qi Gao, Yangyang Fan, Sai Wei, Shuang Song, Yuan Guo, Shouxian Wang, Yu Liu, Dong Yan
Summary: In this study, dikaryotic L. edodes mycelia were cultivated for 60 days in plates to produce intrinsic aging phenotypes. It was found that intracellular reactive oxygen species levels increased, while mitochondrial depolarization and DNA fragmentation became more severe with longer culture time. Transcriptome analysis revealed pronounced expression differences between short- and long-term cultures, with various pathways enriched in the mycelial aging process. Key genes involved in aging were identified, and Western blotting confirmed the upregulation of certain proteins in aging mycelia. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms regulating mycelial aging, with autophagy/mitophagy playing a major role.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Subasree Sridhar, Nirav Bhatt, G. K. Suraishkumar
Summary: The study focused on ureolysis mediated calcite precipitation in S. pasteurii, developing a structured model to describe urea uptake, ureolysis, ammonium assimilation and excretion processes. Model parameters were estimated using measured metabolite concentrations, with key findings including growth rate, urease activity, and transport mechanisms for urea and ammonium ions.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Wan Wang, Xiao-Yi Zhai, Liang Zhao
Summary: In this study, a multiple synergism model for alkynyl substrates was proposed and theoretical investigations on various multimetallic bonding modes and the corresponding synergistic activations were conducted. Nine alkynyl multisilver coordination modes were computationally screened and their reactivity was sequenced. The study also revealed a correlation between the ligand conformation adjustability and the reactivity of the alkynyl unit. This study provides a systematic evaluation of multimetallic synergism in alkyne activation and offers guidance for the future design of multimetallic catalysts.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tim J. Wooster, Celine Loussert-Fonta, Anthony Ash, Romain Stoudmann, Roland Hass, Ivanna Colijn
Summary: In this study, an oral microscope capable of quantitative characterization of the interactions between food colloids and papillae, as well as their concurrent saliva biofilm, was developed. The oral microscope revealed key microstructural drivers of several topical phenomena in the domain of texture creation, providing valuable insights into the complex nature of food oral transformations and texture perception.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Han Pan, Ruifang Guan, Ruixue Zhao, Guangshuo Ou, Zhucheng Chen
Summary: The central spindle in animal cells regulates the formation of the division plane during cytokinesis. The molecular backbone of centralspindlin has the propensity to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, and the synergy between ZEN-4 and CYK-4 subunits is critical for its function in microtubule bundling and central spindle assembly. Charge-driven macromolecular condensation mediates the assembly of the central spindle by centralspindlin.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qin Dong, Yingjie Wu, Bing Li, Xi Chen, Lu Peng, Zulfiqar Ali Sahito, Huanxiu Li, Yulan Chen, Qi Tao, Qiang Xu, Rong Huang, Youlin Luo, Xiaoyan Tang, Qiquan Li, Changquan Wang
Summary: This research aimed to uncover the detoxification mechanisms of rice in response to Cd stress through physiological, transcriptomic, and molecular approaches. The results showed that Cd stress inhibited rice growth, caused Cd accumulation, H2O2 production, and cell death. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that glutathione and phenylpropanoid were the major metabolic pathways under Cd stress. Physiological studies demonstrated increased antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione, and lignin contents under Cd stress. q-PCR results showed upregulation of genes related to lignin and glutathione biosynthesis, and downregulation of metal transporter genes in response to Cd stress. Further pot experiment confirmed the causal relationship between increased lignin and reduced Cd in rice.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abdul Alim Al-Bari, Yuko Ito, Paul G. Thomes, Manoj B. Menon, Marina Garcia-Macia, Raouf Fadel, Alfreda Stadlin, Nicholas Peake, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris, Nabil Eid, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: Autophagy is a conserved metabolic process that regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional constituents and invading pathogens. It selectively recycles specific organelles and eliminates liver diseases-related pathogens. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed Shaaban, Julie A. Clapperton, Shan Ding, Simone Kunzelmann, Mart-Erik Maeots, Sarah L. Maslen, J. Mark Skehel, Radoslav I. Enchev
Summary: Modular SCF ubiquitin E3 ligases play important roles in coordinating multiple cellular pathways. Understanding the structural and molecular mechanisms behind the exchange of substrate-bound SCF is crucial. In this study, cryo-EM visualization of a human CAND1-driven exchange reaction provides high-resolution structural intermediates and insights into the conformational changes and dynamics of CAND1-SCF. Additionally, the role of DCNL1 in the CAND1-SCF complex is discovered. Overall, these findings contribute to a detailed model of CAND-SCF regulation.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sepideh Goudarzi, Asieh Hosseini, Mohammad Abdollahi, Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
Summary: Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a crucial role in preventing cognitive decline like AD. AD pathological proteins Aβ and hTau interfere with mitophagy, especially Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Future therapeutic approaches should consider the impact of Parkin levels on the damage caused by Aβ and hTau.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ling Liao, Yunjie Li, Xiaoyi Bi, Bo Xiong, Xun Wang, Honghong Deng, Mingfei Zhang, Guochao Sun, Zhenghua Jin, Zehao Huang, Zhihui Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the use of Ponkan as an interstock in Harumi tangor fruit can increase the total soluble solids content and the levels of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, while reducing the titratable acid levels. Transcriptome analysis suggests that the interstock regulates auxin and ethylene signals, sugar and energy metabolism, and cell wall metabolism. Additionally, the interstock may play a critical role in citrus fruit development and ripening by modulating carbohydrate, hormone, cell wall, and transcription factor pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Venkadesh Balakrishnan, Vetrivelan Murugesan, Bincy Chindan, Ramesh Rasappan
Summary: In nickel-mediated Kumada cross-coupling reactions, the stability and reactivity of low valent active nickel complexes are determined by ligands. Recent studies have shown that AgF can reduce the decomposition of active nickel complexes, and both Ni(0) and Ni(I) have been identified as active species in these reactions.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jason P. Chua, Hortense De Calbiac, Edor Kabashi, Sami J. Barmada
Summary: Protein homeostasis mechanisms are crucial for maintaining the health of neurons and other cells in the central nervous system, while autophagy plays a key role in preventing and combating pathogenic insults that may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective role of autophagy, neuronal resistance to autophagy induction, and the effects of autophagy-impairing mutations on neurons are not fully understood. Additionally, the contribution of non-cell autonomous effects of autophagy dysfunction to ALS pathogenesis remains incompletely defined.
Review
Neurosciences
Ryota Fukaya, Rinako Miyano, Himawari Hirai, Takeshi Sakaba
Summary: Presynaptic plasticity refers to the activity-dependent changes in neurotransmitter release, playing a crucial role in modulating synaptic strength. Among these changes, presynaptic potentiation mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is widely observed and implicated in learning and memory. Researchers have used hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses as a model to investigate presynaptic potentiation, as the mechanisms underlying it can be dissected through direct presynaptic recordings. Recent advancements in super-resolution microscopy and flash-and-freeze electron microscopy have provided insights into the nanoscale localization of release site molecules and synaptic vesicles during potentiation, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms involved. In light of these findings, this study aims to propose plausible mechanisms underlying cAMP-mediated presynaptic potentiation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chanchan Xu, Zeyu Li, Jianbo Wang
Summary: Understanding the cellular mechanisms of invasive plant adaptation to excessive cadmium is important for phytoremediation strategies. This study found tissue-specific gene expression differences in the roots and leaves of Solidago canadensis exposed to cadmium stress. Root adaptation involved up-regulation of genes encoding molecular chaperones and induction of antioxidants, while leaf exposure increased genes related to secondary metabolism and decreased photosynthetic functions. Candidate gene modules linked to physiological traits were also identified.