Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
You-Hyang Song, Jiwon Yoon, Seung-Hee Lee
Summary: Somatostatin plays a crucial role in regulating cortical circuits in the brain and maintaining cognitive function, with reduced expression associated with neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Developing stable analogues of SST and finding safe delivery methods could provide novel treatment options for various brain conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Efe Ozkaya, Gloria Fabris, Fabiola Macruz, Zeynep M. Suar, Javid Abderezaei, Bochao Su, Kaveh Laksari, Lyndia Wu, David B. Camarillo, Kim B. Pauly, Max Wintermark, Mehmet Kurt
Summary: Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a technique for evaluating the mechanical properties of biological tissues non-invasively. This study focused on assessing the viscoelastic properties of healthy children and adolescents' brains, finding age-related microstructural changes and higher shear modulus in female brains compared to males. The results highlight the potential for using MRE in understanding brain development biomechanics and establishing clinical baselines for pediatric and adolescent brain viscoelasticity.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Concetta Schiano, Livio Luongo, Sabatino Maione, Claudio Napoli
Summary: Neurological diseases are a leading cause of acquired disability and death globally. The Mediator complex is a multiprotein complex that regulates the interaction between transcription factors and RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotes. Mutations in MED subunits have been associated with various genetic diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Siri F. Svensson, Jose De Arcos, Omar Isam Darwish, Jorunn Fraser-Green, Tryggve H. Storas, Sverre Holm, Einar O. Vik-Mo, Ralph Sinkus, Kyrre E. Emblem
Summary: This study aimed to measure the repeatability of MRE and estimate the impact of different reconstruction methods and data quality on estimated brain stiffness. The results showed that caution should be taken when comparing stiffness values obtained with different techniques.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Rohan Gupta, Mehar Sahu, Rahul Tripathi, Rashmi K. Ambasta, Pravir Kumar
Summary: Hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfides are important regulatory signaling molecules generated by the entire body, including the central nervous system. Protein S-sulfhydration, as a critical post-translational modification, plays an important role in the regulation of various biological processes and functions. It is involved in cytoprotection, inflammatory response, mitochondrial integrity, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and other cellular functions, ultimately becoming crucial in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Manuele Biazzo, Manuela Allegra, Gabriele Deidda
Summary: This article outlines the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, with a focus on the role of Clostridioides difficile in patients with neurological diseases, and highlights the potential value of microbiota-based therapeutic strategies targeting this pathogen.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Abdulhafeez M. Khair, Grace Mcilvain, Matthew D. J. Mcgarry, Vinay Kandula, Xuyi Yue, Gurcharanjeet Kaur, Lauren W. Averill, Arabinda K. Choudhary, Curtis L. Johnson, Rahul M. Nikam
Summary: Magnetic resonance elastography is a rapidly evolving quantitative MRI technique used for mapping the viscoelastic mechanical properties of soft tissues. It is noninvasive, well tolerated, and complements standard radiological and histopathological studies by providing in vivo measurements reflecting tissue microstructural integrity.
PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
E. Ozkaya, E. R. Triolo, F. Rezayaraghi, J. Abderezaei, W. Meinhold, K. Hong, A. Alipour, P. Kennedy, L. Fleysher, J. Ueda, P. Balchandani, M. Eriten, C. L. Johnson, Y. Yang, M. Kurt
Summary: Motion sensitive MRI techniques allow for non-invasive evaluation of biological tissues, extracting mechanical biomarkers with diagnostic value. Results show that in MRE experiments, shear waves attenuate faster at higher driving frequencies.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Matthew McGarry, Elijah Van Houten, Damian Sowinski, Dhrubo Jyoti, Daniel R. Smith, Diego A. Caban-Rivera, Grace McIlvain, Philip Bayly, Curtis L. Johnson, John Weaver, Keith Paulsen
Summary: This paper presents a model-based transverse isotropic implementation for non-linear inversion (TI-NLI) that accurately reconstructs shear modulus, damping ratio, shear anisotropy, and tensile anisotropy in in vivo brain tissue. The accuracy and repeatability of TI-NLI were validated using synthetic and real data, demonstrating its potential for clinical research on anisotropic tissues such as the brain and muscle.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mattia Paratore, Matteo Garcovich, Maria Elena Ainora, Livio Enrico Del Vecchio, Giuseppe Cuccia, Laura Riccardi, Maurizio Pompili, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
Summary: Ultrasound imaging is the preferred method for investigating abdominal symptoms and can diagnose various pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Ultrasound elastography, a recent technological advancement, allows the evaluation of tissue characteristics like neoplastic transformation or inflammation. It has been extensively used in studying liver diseases and other clinical settings, including gastrointestinal diseases. This paper summarizes the evidence of different ultrasound elastography modalities in non-liver gastrointestinal diseases.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Feng Chen, Huiyi Chen, Yanting Chen, Wenyan Wei, Yuanhong Sun, Lu Zhang, Lili Cui, Yan Wang
Summary: Communication between neurons relies on synaptic vesicle exocytosis, a process facilitated by the SNARE complex. Dysfunction of the SNARE complex in synapses may contribute to abnormal neurotransmission and lead to synaptic dysfunction. Research suggests that the SNARE complex could be a significant molecular target in neurological diseases.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Biswanath Chatterjee, Che-Kun James Shen, Pritha Majumder
Summary: The mammalian nervous system's cellular heterogeneity and molecular complexity depend significantly on the dynamic nature and spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression achieved through epigenetic processes. RNA modifications enhance neuronal transcriptome complexity and perturbations can lead to various pathogenic conditions. Recent advances enable identification and location of modified bases/sugars on different RNA species, modulating stability, transport, and translation of RNA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aparna Ann Mathew, Rajitha Panonnummal
Summary: Magnesium is an essential cation that regulates vital body functions, including proper brain function. Decreased magnesium levels in the brain can lead to various detrimental effects and worsen neurological and psychiatric diseases. Exogenous administration of magnesium has shown potential in correcting disease-induced brain alterations, but its poor blood-brain barrier permeability poses a limitation. Different approaches, such as using organic salts and combining with other substances, have been attempted to improve magnesium's BBB permeability. While these approaches have shown experimental efficacy, studies on human subjects are ongoing to determine safety and efficacy.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi Zhou, Yue Chen, Hui He, Meichang Peng, Meiqin Zeng, Haitao Sun
Summary: Recent studies have shown that changes in gut microbiota are closely related to the development of nervous system diseases, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis is crucial for proper nervous system functioning. Indole and its derivatives, as metabolites of tryptophan produced by gut microbiota, can regulate inflammation and autoimmune response in the body. The levels of indole and its derivatives have been found to differ significantly between patients with central nervous system diseases and healthy individuals, suggesting their importance as mediators in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in disease progression.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katarzyna Socala, Urszula Doboszewska, Aleksandra Szopa, Anna Serefko, Marcin Wlodarczyk, Anna Zielinska, Ewa Poleszak, Jakub Fichna, Piotr Wlaz
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, influencing neural development, neurotransmission, and behavior. Studies have explored the role of microbiota in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy. This review discusses data from both preclinical experiments and clinical reports, highlighting the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, or antibiotic treatments, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jose Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C. Sotero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Ozguer Simsek, Damien Coyle
Summary: This study proposes a multi-penalized state-space model for analyzing unobserved dynamics, using a data-driven regularization method. Novel algorithms are developed to solve the model, and a cross-validation method is introduced to evaluate regularization parameters. The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and real data analysis, enabling a more accurate exploration of cognitive brain functions.