Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lalita Subedi, Bhakta Prasad Gaire
Summary: The search for novel therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemia/stroke has led to a focus on neuroprotective phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory properties as potential drug candidates. Studies have shown that these compounds reduce brain inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory microglia and macrophages while promoting anti-inflammatory responses, leading to improved outcomes in animal stroke models.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lin Li, Weifeng Jiang, Baojian Yu, Huiqi Liang, Shihui Mao, Xiaowei Hu, Yan Feng, Jiadong Xu, Lisheng Chu
Summary: Quercetin promotes microglia/macrophage M2 polarization in the treatment of ischemic stroke by modulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving neurological deficits and reducing infarct volume.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nina Vindegaard Sorensen, Henrik Hasseldam, Flemming Fryd Johansen, Uffe Kristiansen, Karsten Overgaard, Helle Klingenberg Iversen, Rune Skovgaard Rasmussen
Summary: This study compared long-term immune responses in stroke patients with or without infections, finding that infected patients had significantly higher counts of neutrophils, leukocytes, and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, a sustained depression of lymphocytes, especially among infected patients, was observed, indicating a need for further research into the underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yehao Zhang, Lan Miao, Qing Peng, Xiaodi Fan, Wenting Song, Bin Yang, Peng Zhang, Guangyu Liu, Jianxun Liu
Summary: The study demonstrates that Parthenolide (PTL) can regulate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic brain injury by modulating microglial polarization via the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Article
Immunology
Kongwei Guo, Yanxing Shang, Zhao Wang, Yu Li, Jinliang Chen, Baofeng Zhu, Dongmei Zhang, Jianrong Chen
Summary: BRG1 plays a key role in apoptosis and oxidative damage, but its role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is unclear. We found that BRG1 expression was increased during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, particularly in activated microglia. Modulating BRG1 expression levels significantly affected microglial activation and the expression of antioxidant and pro-oxidant proteins after ischemic stroke. Our findings suggest that BRG1 protects against brain ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative damage through the KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhijuan Cao, Sean S. Harvey, Terrance Chiang, Aulden G. Foltz, Alex G. Lee, Michelle Y. Cheng, Gary K. Steinberg
Summary: This study investigated the spatiotemporal changes in the secondary degenerative thalamus post-stroke, revealing early microglial activation and later neurodegeneration. Transcriptome analysis at PD28 showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes in the thalamus, with neuroinflammation being the top activated pathway and microglia the most enriched cell type. Additionally, a unique subtype of microglia (CD11c(+)) with features of neurodegenerative disease-associated microglia was identified in the degenerative thalamus after stroke.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting Li, Jin Zhao, Hao Gao
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Arg1(+) microglia/macrophages on ischemic stroke and finds that their depletion exacerbates neuronal damage by facilitating the inflammatory response and altering the immune microenvironment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sheng Tu, Xu Lin, Jili Qiu, Jiaqi Zhou, Hui Wang, Shiyao Hu, Yihan Yao, Yali Wang, Yongchuan Deng, Yunxiang Zhou, Anwen Shao
Summary: Tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM/Ms) and CD8+ T cells are crucial immune cells in glioblastoma, and their interaction has potential targets to overcome malignancy. Understanding the molecular factors and crosstalk between these two cell types can impact the immune status and treatment outcomes in glioblastoma. Novel therapeutic targets, including reprogramming TAM/Ms and TAM/Ms-CD8+ T cell cofactors, may offer translational usage in addressing the challenges of this crosstalk in glioblastoma treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yan Mi, Kun Jiao, Ji-kai Xu, Kun Wei, Jing-yu Liu, Qing-qi Meng, Ting-ting Guo, Xue-ni Zhang, Di Zhou, De-gang Qing, Yu Sun, Ning Li, Yue Hou
Summary: The study explored the effect of kellerin on cerebral ischemia and its possible mechanisms using MCAO model and LPS-activated microglia model. Kellerin improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct size, and alleviated neuron damage by inhibiting microglial activation under pathologic conditions of focal cerebral ischemia. In in vitro studies, kellerin protected neuronal cells from damage by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, ROS generation, and NADPH oxidase activity.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ling-di Dong, Yan-mei Ma, Jie Xu, Yong-zhen Guo, Lan Yang, Feng-Ying Guo, Min-Xing Wang, Li Jing, Jian-Zhong Zhang
Summary: The study found that in rats with hyperglycemia, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury led to increased neurological deficits, infarct volume, and neural apoptosis, while inhibiting microglia and astrocyte activation and proliferation. Furthermore, M1 microglia polarization was promoted, while that of M2 microglia was inhibited in hyperglycemic rats. These results suggest that the polarization of M1 and M2 microglia is involved in the aggravated brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic hyperglycemia.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Che-Feng Chang, Brittany A. Goods, Michael H. Askenase, Hannah E. Beatty, Artem Osherov, Jonathan H. DeLong, Matthew D. Hammond, Jordan Massey, Margaret Landreneau, J. Christopher Love, Lauren H. Sansing
Summary: Our study shows that microglia and MDMs have distinct functional properties in the brain after ICH, with MDMs exhibiting higher phagocytic activity, erythrophagocytosis, and antigen-presenting capabilities compared to microglia. This suggests that the different origins of microglia and MDMs lead to divergent responses and functions in the inflamed brain following ICH.
Review
Neurosciences
Hao Wang, Jingjing Li, Han Zhang, Mengyao Wang, Lifang Xiao, Yitong Wang, Qiong Cheng
Summary: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Microglia, innate immune cells in the brain, play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response following ischemic injury. The regulation of microglia phenotype is essential in controlling the neuroinflammatory reaction and secondary injury in ischemic stroke.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Anne Blank, Irina Kremenetskaia, Ruth M. Urbantat, Gueliz Acker, Kati Turkowski, Josefine Radke, Ulf C. Schneider, Peter Vajkoczy, Susan Brandenburg
Summary: The study identified two distinct myeloid cell populations in human glioblastoma, which play a role in tumor escape mechanisms by expressing alternative proangiogenic factors. Limited efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy may be due to tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells bypassing VEGF-mediated pathways through expression of alternative proangiogenic factors.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhibing Song, Jingjing Feng, Qian Zhang, Shanshan Deng, Dahai Yu, Yuefan Zhang, Tiejun Li
Summary: Tanshinone IIA has been shown to provide neuroprotection in a rat model of cerebral ischemia, reducing infarction volume and improving neuronal injuries. It exerts its anti-neuroinflammatory effects by modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Likai Shi, Baowei Li, Guoqing Chen, Yingsi Huang, Zhenpu Tian, Lifeng Zhang, Li Tian, Qiang Fu
Summary: MEF2D plays an inhibitory role in the activation of microglia under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation conditions, reducing neuronal injury by regulating the expression of NF-kappa b, TLR, and cytokines. The overexpression of MEF2D improves microglial activation, neuroinflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, brain injury, and cognitive function in cerebral ischemia, while MEF2D siRNA treatment exacerbates these indicators.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Ting Huang, Shun-Fen Tzeng
Summary: Our study demonstrates the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in a demyelinating mouse model induced by cuprizone (CPZ), showing that IL-33 can alleviate the reduction of APC+ OLs and the decline of IL-33 levels in the corpus callosum, and promote the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP).
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2024)