Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dailson J. Bertassoli, Henrique O. Sawakuchi, Kleiton R. de Araujo, Marcelo G. P. de Camargo, Victor A. T. Alem, Tatiana S. Pereira, Alex Krusche, David Bastviken, Jeffrey E. Richey, Andre O. Sawakuchi
Summary: The study reveals that postdamming greenhouse gas emissions in the Belo Monte area are up to three times higher than preimpoundment fluxes, indicating significant environmental impacts of run-of-the-river hydropower plants. To reduce carbon footprints, prioritizing power density and reducing flooded areas of hydropower plants should be considered.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cheng Hu, Junqing Zhang, Bing Qi, Rongguang Du, Xiaofei Xu, Haoyu Xiong, Huili Liu, Xinyue Ai, Yiyi Peng, Wei Xiao
Summary: Atmospheric CH4 is the second-largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming. However, its emissions, components, spatial-temporal variations, and projected changes still remain largely uncertain from city to national scales. Therefore, it is crucial to consider temperature-dependent EFs and the positive feedback between global warming and CH4 emissions in future CH4 emission projections and climate change models.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Piers M. Forster, Christopher J. Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Mathias Hauser, Aurelien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Blair Trewin, Xuebin Zhang, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Arlene Birt, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Lijing Cheng, Frank Dentener, Pierre Friedlingstein, Jose M. Gutierrez, Johannes Guetschow, Bradley Hall, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, June-Yi Lee, Colin Morice, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel Killick, Jan C. Minx, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Robert Rohde, Maisa Rojas Corradi, Dominik Schumacher, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Panmao Zhai
Summary: IPCC assessments are a trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations, but the time gap between report cycles creates an information gap. To fill this gap, we compile monitoring datasets based on IPCC report methods to provide annually updated reliable global climate indicators.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. J. Gondwe, C. Helfter, M. Murray-Hudson, P. E. Levy, E. Mosimanyana, A. Makati, K. B. Mfundisi, U. M. Skiba
Summary: The study investigated CH4 emissions in a tropical seasonal swamp in the Okavango Delta in Botswana, finding that microbial CH4 oxidation in adjacent dry soils plays a role in offsetting some of the emissions. Soil water content and organic matter were identified as the main environmental factors controlling CH4 fluxes.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Tao Wang, Zhengmiao Deng, Yonghong Xie, Buqing Wang, Shaoan Wu, Feng Li, Wei Wang, Yeai Zou, Xu Li, Zhiyong Hou, Jing Zeng, Mei Wang, Changhui Peng
Summary: This study demonstrates the impact of flooding frequency on CH4 emissions in a subtropical wetland floodplain. It reveals a time-lag effect of 10 days between flooding and a substantial increase in CH4 emissions, as well as a positive correlation between water depth and CH4 emissions. Increasing inundation frequency and water depth can effectively mitigate CH4 emissions in floodplain wetlands.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jamshid Ansari, Morgan P. Davis, Stephen H. Anderson, Frieda Eivazi, Sougata Bardhan
Summary: Land management practices and cropping strategies have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions from soil gas flux. This study evaluated the effects of different land use types on soil greenhouse gas emissions in the Missouri River floodplain. The results showed variations in soil GHG emissions among different land use systems, and fertilizer application and soil saturation were identified as key drivers.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pedro M. Barbosa, John M. Melack, Joao H. F. Amaral, Annika Linkhorst, Bruce R. Forsberg
Summary: Tropical floodplains are a significant source of methane emissions, with ebullitive fluxes playing a key role. Direct measurements of methane ebullition in different habitats on the Amazon floodplain over two years showed highly variable spatial and temporal patterns. Ebullitive fluxes were highest during falling water in flooded forests and lowest during low water periods in open water and herbaceous plant habitats.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vincent Gauci, Viviane Figueiredo, Nicola Gedney, Sunitha Rao Pangala, Taina Stauffer, Graham P. Weedon, Alex Enrich-Prast
Summary: In forested wetlands, inundation-adapted trees have been found to be the primary pathway for soil-produced methane emissions. This challenges existing modeling efforts as it suggests that methane produced deep in the soil can vent to the atmosphere through tree roots even when the water table is below the surface. A study in the Amazon basin revealed that tree stem emissions were significantly higher than emissions from soil or aquatic surfaces, and were closely related to the depth of the water table. Additionally, nonflooded floodplain trees contribute a significant amount to methane emissions, highlighting the importance of these ecosystems in extending the area of methane emission beyond flooded lands.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luana S. Basso, Luciano Marani, Luciana Gatti, John B. Miller, Manuel Gloor, John Melack, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Graciela Tejada, Lucas G. Domingues, Egidio Arai, Alber H. Sanchez, Sergio M. Correa, Liana Anderson, Luiz E. O. C. Aragao, Caio S. C. Correia, Stephane P. Crispim, Raiane A. L. Neves
Summary: Atmospheric methane concentrations have been rising by an average of 8 ppb per year since 2006, with wetland emissions likely playing a significant role. In the Amazon region, 46.2 +/- 10.3 Tg of methane is emitted annually, with a large proportion coming from wetlands and a distinct east-west contrast observed in emissions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ayan S. Fleischmann, Fabrice Papa, Stephen K. Hamilton, Alice Fassoni-Andrade, Sly Wongchuig, Jhan-Carlo Espinoza, Rodrigo C. D. Paiva, John M. Melack, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Leandro Castello, Rafael M. Almeida, Marie-Paule Bonnet, Luna G. Alves, Daniel Moreira, Dai Yamazaki, Menaka Revel, Walter Collischonn
Summary: Extensive floodplains in the Amazon basin have important impacts on ecosystem services and global water and carbon cycles. Recent changes in the hydroclimatic regime have caused record-breaking high water levels on the Amazon River, but the implications for floodplain inundation across the basin are still unknown.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kazuhiko Terazawa, Takeshi Tokida, Tadashi Sakata, Kenji Yamada, Shigehiro Ishizuka
Summary: Stem methane emission from trees in forested wetlands is an overlooked pathway that plays a significant role in methane budgets. Environmental factors such as soil temperature and water-table depth influence the flux of stem methane seasonally and annually. Flooding can dramatically increase stem methane emission, and isotopic analysis shows fractionation along the emission pathway. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the control of stem methane emission by belowground environmental conditions.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ken W. Krauss
Summary: An expedition to the upper estuarine reaches of the Amazon River has found an intriguing overlap between tropical mangrove wetlands and riverine floodplain forests. This newly discovered type of forested wetland assemblage may serve as a uniquely process-rich carbon hotspot.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Robson Borges de Lima, Eric Bastos Gorgens, Diego Armando S. da Silva, Cinthia Pereira de Oliveira, Anderson Pedro B. Batista, Rinaldo L. Caraciolo Ferreira, Flavia R. C. Costa, Renato A. Ferreira de Lima, Perseu da Silva Aparicio, Jadson Coelho de Abreu, Jose Antonio Aleixo da Silva, Aretha Franklin Guimaraes, Philip M. Fearnside, Thaiane R. Sousa, Ricardo Perdiz, Niro Higuchi, Erika Berenguer, Angelica F. Resende, Fernando Elias, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Joao Ramos de Matos Filho, Mauricio Alves Sardinha, Marcio Andre Furtado Freitas, Jose Jussian da Silva, Aldemir Pereira da Cunha, Renan Mendes Santos, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Carla Samara Campelo de Sousa, Wegliane Campelo da Silva Aparicio, Breno Marques da Silva e Silva, Celice Alexandre Silva, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Paulo S. Morandi, Danielle Storck-Tonon, Ima Celia Guimaraes Vieira, Juliana Schietti, Fernanda Coelho, Danilo R. Alves de Almeida, Wendeson Castro, Samuel P. C. Carvalho, Robson dos Santos A. da Silva, Juliana Silveira, Jose Luis Camargo, Karina Melgaco, Lucas Jose Mazzei de Freitas, Laura Vedovato, Maira Benchimol, Gabriel de Oliveira de Almeida, Ghillean Prance, Alan Bernardes da Silveira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Marcos Leandro Garcia, Marcos Silveira, Marcos Vital, Maryane B. T. Andrade, Natalino Silva, Raimunda Oliveira de Araujo, Larissa Cavalheiro, Rainiellen Carpanedo, Leticia Fernandes, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Ricardo T. G. de Andrade, William E. Magnusson, Bill Laurance, Bruce Walker Nelson, Carlos Peres, Douglas C. Daly, Domingos Rodrigues, Ana Paula Zopeletto, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Estelle Dugachard, Flavia Rodrigues Barbosa, Flavia Santana, Ieda Leao do Amaral, Leandro V. Ferreira, Leandro S. Charao, Joice Ferreira, Jos Barlow, Lilian Blanc, Luiz Aragao, Plinio Sist, Rafael de Paiva Salomao, Antonio Sergio Lima da Silva, Susan Laurance, Ted R. Feldpausch, Toby Gardner, Wagner Santiago, William Balee, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Oliver L. Phillips
Summary: Over the past three decades, studies on tree diversity in South America have mainly focused on trees with certain stem diameters, while neglecting the largest canopy and emergent trees. In this study, a machine learning approach was used to analyze the importance of environmental factors in predicting tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental variables related to disturbances were found to influence the diversity of large trees, while variables related to resources were more important for overall tree diversity. The study also identified specific regions with high diversity of large trees and general tree species diversity, highlighting the role of climatic and topographic stability in promoting species diversity.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qian Li, Sebastien Gogo, Fabien Leroy, Christophe Guimbaud, Fatima Laggoun-Defarge
Summary: The study found that simulated warming had a significant impact on the carbon fluxes in peatlands, particularly enhancing plant growth and increasing gross primary production. However, short-term experimental warming did not have a significant effect on annual net ecosystem carbon exchange and the carbon budget.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisa Calamita, Annunziato Siviglia, Gretchen M. Gettel, Mario J. Franca, R. Scott Winton, Cristian R. Teodoru, Martin Schmid, Bernhard Wehrli, Andrea Rinaldo
Summary: Recent studies have shown that tropical hydroelectric reservoirs can emit substantial greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, with downstream emissions varying greatly over different timescales due to reservoir stratification and dam operation. Failing to account for seasonal or subdaily variations in downstream carbon emissions could lead to errors of up to 90% when estimating the reservoir's annual emissions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vincent Gauci, Viviane Figueiredo, Nicola Gedney, Sunitha Rao Pangala, Taina Stauffer, Graham P. Weedon, Alex Enrich-Prast
Summary: In forested wetlands, inundation-adapted trees have been found to be the primary pathway for soil-produced methane emissions. This challenges existing modeling efforts as it suggests that methane produced deep in the soil can vent to the atmosphere through tree roots even when the water table is below the surface. A study in the Amazon basin revealed that tree stem emissions were significantly higher than emissions from soil or aquatic surfaces, and were closely related to the depth of the water table. Additionally, nonflooded floodplain trees contribute a significant amount to methane emissions, highlighting the importance of these ecosystems in extending the area of methane emission beyond flooded lands.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leonardo Amora-Nogueira, Christian J. Sanders, Alex Enrich-Prast, Luciana Silva Monteiro Sanders, Rodrigo Coutinho Abuchacra, Patricia F. Moreira-Turcq, Renato Campello Cordeiro, Vincent Gauci, Luciane Silva Moreira, Fausto Machado-Silva, Renata Libonati, Thairiny Fonseca, Cristiane Nunes Francisco, Humberto Marotta
Summary: This study explores the importance of humid tropical forest lake sediments as a global sink for carbon, highlighting their implications for climate change and the key factors of temperature and forest conservation in maintaining massive organic carbon pools in tropical lacustrine sediments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Vinicius B. Pereira, Alexander A. Lopes, Marco Aurelio Dal Sasso, Leonardo Amora-Nogueira, Thairiny Fonseca, Humberto Marotta, Renato C. Cordeiro, Debora A. Azevedo
Summary: This study investigates the sediment composition and methanogenesis in a clearwater floodplain lake in the Brazilian Amazon. The findings suggest that the biomass stocks in these lakes may be sensitive to global warming due to the predominance of terrestrial organic matter and intense microbial contribution.
APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Mathias Chynel, Sofia Rockomanovic, Gwenael Abril, Glenda Barroso, Humberto Marotta, Wilson Machado, Christian J. Sanders, Najet Thiney, Tarik Meziane
Summary: Mangrove sediments have a high capacity of carbon storage, but are vulnerable to degradation and carbon losses due to urbanization. The level of eutrophication varies among different mangroves.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Fraser-McDonald, C. Boardman, T. Gladding, S. Burnley, V Gauci
Summary: The study showed that tree stem emissions from landfill sites vary significantly in temperate environments, contributing to about 40% of total CH4 flux. Management practices and environmental conditions, rather than tree species, have a greater influence on CH4 emissions from historic landfill sites.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
David Bastviken, Claire C. Treat, Sunitha Rao Pangala, Vincent Gauci, Alex Enrich- Prast, Martin Karlson, Magnus Galfalk, Mariana Brandini Romano, Henrique Oliveira Sawakuchi
Summary: Methane emissions are primarily derived from organic matter, and the net primary production of organic matter sets the limits for these emissions. Plants play a crucial role in sustaining global methane emissions, influencing its production, oxidation, and transport through various mechanisms. This review highlights the importance of quantifying the influence of primary producers, such as plants, on methane emissions in different ecosystems and emphasizes the need to reconcile recent proposed plant-related fluxes with the global atmospheric methane budget.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David M. Lapola, Patricia Pinho, Jos Barlow, Luiz E. O. C. Aragao, Erika Berenguer, Rachel Carmenta, Hannah M. Liddy, Hugo Seixas, Camila V. J. Silva, Celso H. L. Silva-Junior, Ane A. C. Alencar, Liana O. Anderson, Dolors Armenteras, Victor Brovkin, Kim Calders, Jeffrey Chambers, Louise Chini, Marcos H. Costa, Bruno L. Faria, Philip M. Fearnside, Joice Ferreira, Luciana Gatti, Victor Hugo Gutierrez-Velez, Zhangang Han, Kathleen Hibbard, Charles Koven, Peter Lawrence, Julia Pongratz, Bruno T. T. Portela, Mark Rounsevell, Alex C. Ruane, Rudiger Schaldach, Sonaira S. da Silva, Celso von Randow, Wayne S. Walker
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arie Staal, Gerbrand Koren, Graciela Tejada, Luciana Gatti
Summary: The southeastern Amazon is a net carbon source due to drying conditions. This study assesses the origins of precipitation in the carbon source region and its relationship with vegetation productivity and land cover. Results show that 13% of the precipitation in the carbon source region has evaporated from the same area, and fully forested areas have higher carbon productivity. The study highlights the importance of maintaining the Amazon forest to sustain carbon and hydrological cycles.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Fausto Machado-Silva, David Bastviken, Marcio Miranda, Roberta Bittencourt Peixoto, Humberto Marotta, Alex Enrich-Prast
Summary: This study investigates the microbial biomass production in headwater streams and quantifies the contribution of dark carbon fixation (DCF) in these ecosystems. The results show that DCF in water and litter is similar in magnitude to heterotrophic production (HP), while in sediment it is significantly lower. Flow and turbulence in streams may accelerate chemosynthesis.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luciana V. Gatti, Camilla L. Cunha, Luciano Marani, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Cassiano Gustavo Messias, Egidio Arai, A. Scott Denning, Luciana S. Soler, Claudio Almeida, Alberto Setzer, Lucas Gatti Domingues, Luana S. Basso, John B. Miller, Manuel Gloor, Caio S. C. Correia, Graciela Tejada, Raiane A. L. Neves, Raoni Rajao, Felipe Nunes, Britaldo S. S. Filho, Jair Schmitt, Carlos Nobre, Sergio M. Correa, Alber H. Sanches, Luiz E. O. C. Aragao, Liana Anderson, Celso Von Randow, Stephane P. Crispim, Francine M. Silva, Guilherme B. M. Machado
Summary: The carbon sink of the Amazon forest is declining due to land-use and climate change. The decrease in law enforcement has led to increased deforestation, biomass burning, and forest degradation, resulting in higher carbon emissions and exacerbation of drying and warming in the Amazon rainforest.
Article
Ecology
Graciela Tejada, Luciana V. Gatti, Luana S. Basso, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Celso H. L. Silva-Junior, Guilherme Mataveli, Luciano Marani, Egidio Arai, Manuel Gloor, John B. Miller, Camilla L. Cunha, Lucas G. Domingues, Alber Ipia, Caio S. C. Correia, Stephane P. Crispim, Raiane A. L. Neves, Celso Von Randow
Summary: Amazon forests, the largest forests in the tropics, are threatened by deforestation. Understanding the similarities and differences between the top-down and bottom-up approaches for estimating carbon balances is important. According to our bottom-up estimates, the Brazilian Amazon is a carbon sink until 2014 and a source from 2015 to 2018. In contrast, the top-down approach considers the Brazilian Amazon as a source throughout the entire period.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sourish Basu, Xin Lan, Edward Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, Stefan Schwietzke, John B. Miller, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Pieter P. Tans, Francesco Apadula, Luciana V. Gatti, Armin Jordan, Jaroslaw Necki, Motoki Sasakawa, Shinji Morimoto, Tatiana Di Iorio, Haeyoung Lee, Jgor Arduini, Giovanni Manca
Summary: This study constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5-4DVAR to estimate global methane emissions for the period 1999-2016 by assimilating measurements of methane and delta C-13 of methane. It was found that traditional atmospheric inversions using CH4 data alone were unlikely to provide emission estimates consistent with delta C-13 data, highlighting the importance of assimilating delta C-13 data in emission estimations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Tiia Gronholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, Vincent Gauci, Inaki Urzainki, Annamari Lauren
Summary: This study investigates the impact of macropore structure on atmospheric methane emissions from peatlands, using complex network theory and modeling approaches. The results reveal differences in macropore structure and connectivity between vertical soil layers, with greater connectivity near the soil surface. Additionally, the study finds that wetting and drying hysteresis of peat water content affects the evolution of connected air-filled pore space, which may explain episodic spikes of methane emissions.