Article
Mathematics
Xavier Salleras, Sergi Rovira, Vanesa Daza
Summary: Nowadays, both online and in-person services require user authentication and proof of rights, but there are privacy and centralization concerns. FORT is a decentralized system based on blockchain that ensures user privacy and efficiency through the use of NFTs and zero-knowledge proofs.
News Item
Optics
Rosario Lo Franco
Summary: This optical set-up effectively employs two controllable and indistinguishable photons to directly measure the exchange phase resulting from bosonic particle statistics.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Samuel Drews, Aws Albarghouthi, Loris D'Antoni
Summary: This paper investigates the brittleness of machine learning models, where small changes in training data could lead to different predictions. It proposes a verification technique based on abstract interpretation for decision tree models, and develops a tool called Antidote. Antidote abstractly trains decision trees for various possible poisoned datasets. With the soundness of the abstraction, Antidote can provide proofs that the prediction would stay the same regardless of tampering with the training data, for a given input. The effectiveness of Antidote is demonstrated on several popular datasets.
COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abhinove Nagarajan Seenivasan, Sayan Chakrabarti, Bibhas Ranjan Majhi
Summary: We revisit the thermodynamic description of a fluid in scalar-tensor gravity theory and propose a general approach to study the thermodynamics of relativistic fluids. By using an equivalent description of gravitational dynamics in both Jordan and Einstein frames, we identify the energy-momentum tensors for the scalar fluid as that of an ideal fluid. We also point out issues with using Eckart's formalism for an ideal fluid and suggest a possible alternative description valid for a general ideal fluid.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Halil Ibrahim Yoldas
Summary: This paper investigates the existence of ?-Einstein solitons in Para-Kenmotsu manifolds. Necessary conditions for such manifolds to be Einstein are given, and it is proven that if a para-Kenmotsu manifold E admits an ?-Einstein soliton, then E is an Einstein manifold. Furthermore, noteworthy characterizations that classify para-Kenmotsu manifolds admitting such solitons are obtained.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Megumi Ishii, Tetsuya Ishii
Summary: This passage discusses whether genome-edited agricultural products should be considered genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how to prove definitively that a genome-edited organism does not contain exogenous DNA, taking social aspects into account.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yehezkel S. Resheff, Yair Horesh, Moni Shahar
Summary: The problem of ensuring fairness in automatic decision making systems has gained significant attention. This paper presents a framework that allows proving the unfairness of predictors with known accuracy properties without direct access to the model, features, or individual predictions. A trade-off analysis of fairness and accuracy under the definition of demographic parity is conducted, and an information-theoretic method is developed to provide an upper bound on the accuracy of any fair model predicting the same targets.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Zoltan Kovacs, Tomas Recio, Luis F. Tabera, M. Pilar Velez
Summary: The study focuses on the development of geometric automated reasoning tools in GeoGebra software through computational algebraic geometry algorithms. It introduces two different ways for dealing with the degeneracy conditions that often arise in geometry context.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Aditya Bawane, Pedram Karimi, Piotr Sulkowski
Summary: In this note, we provide proofs for various expressions of expectation values of symmetric polynomials in beta-deformed eigenvalue models. These expressions are related to superintegrability, and our work completes the proofs of previously conjectured superintegrability statements in the literature.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fahri Emre Oeztuerk, Tim Lappe, Goran Hellmann, Julian Schmitt, Jan Klaers, Frank Vewinger, Johann Kroha, Martin Weitz
Summary: This study demonstrates a non-Hermitian phase transition of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate to a dissipative phase, characterized by a biexponential decay of the condensate's second-order coherence. The emergence of an exceptional point in the quantum gas triggers the phase transition, separating the biexponential phase from lasing and an intermediate, oscillatory condensate regime. This approach can be utilized to investigate a wide range of dissipative quantum phases in various systems.
Review
Immunology
Lauren M. Quinn, F. Susan Wong, Parth Narendran
Summary: This review highlights the importance of environmental factors in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on infections, growth and obesity in infancy, the gut microbiome, and lifestyle choices. Evidence suggests that enterovirus infection, rapid weight gain in early life, and the microbiome are the most significant environmental determinants of T1D. Future research should explore these triggers further through randomized controlled trials and prospective studies to aid in the development of public health prevention strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Feifan He, Baocheng Zhang
Summary: We investigate the response of a model gravitational wave detector consisting of two particles to the quantized cylindrical gravitational waves and find that the quantum effect carried by the cylindrical gravitational wave can be observed above Planck scale, even though the source is far away from the cosmological horizon. We obtain the equation of motion for the change in distance between the two particles when the cylindrical gravitational waves pass, and it is surprising that there is no dissipative term up to the first order approximation due to the cylindrical symmetry of the gravitational wave.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. K. Adhikari
Summary: The study focuses on the formation of spin-1 symbiotic spinor solitons in a hyperfine spin F = 1 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate, showing that quasi-1D and quasi-2D solitons exhibit different spatial density structures.
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Ward Beullens, Luca De Feo, Steven D. Galbraith, Christophe Petit
Summary: Isogeny-based cryptography is an active area of research in post-quantum public key cryptography, with applications in protocol honesty demonstrations and isogeny-based digital signatures. Recent years have seen advancements in this field, but there are still unresolved problems. This paper provides an overview of the topic and highlights open problems and directions for future research.
DESIGNS CODES AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kristina J. Reinders, Giorgia Giardina, Florian Zurfluh, Juerg Ryser, Ramon F. Hanssen
Summary: This article highlights the importance of utilizing InSAR techniques for monitoring in the planning and design stages of infrastructure projects. It provides an operational framework for integrating InSAR monitoring into geotechnical design codes and demonstrates its practicality with a case study.
TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS
(2022)