期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 469, 期 3, 页码 3363-3373出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1026
关键词
galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: irregular; galaxies: structure
资金
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/MJ0371X/1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2_138979, PP00P2_166159]
- STFC [ST/K502236/1]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF5-160143]
- National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Leverhulme Trust
- National Science Foundation
- US Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan ParticipationGroup
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
- STFC [ST/N000668/1, ST/K502236/1, ST/N003179/1, ST/L000695/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1413610] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/N000668/1, ST/K502236/1] Funding Source: researchfish
We use multiwavelength Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images and Galaxy Zoo morphologies to identify a sample of similar to 270 late-type galaxies with an off-centre bar. We measure offsets in the range 0.22.5 kpc between the photometric centres of the stellar disc and stellar bar. The measured offsets correlate with global asymmetries of the galaxies, with those with largest offsets showing higher lopsidedness. These findings are in good agreement with predictions from simulations of dwarf-dwarf tidal interactions producing off-centre bars. We find that the majority of galaxies with off-centre bars are of Magellanic type, with a median mass of 10(9.6)M(circle dot), and 91 per cent of them having M-star < 3 x 10(10)M(circle dot), the characteristic mass at which galaxies start having higher central concentrations attributed to the presence of bulges. We conduct a search for companions to test the hypothesis of tidal interactions, but find that a similar fraction of galaxies with offset bars have companions within 100 kpc as galaxies with centred bars. Although this may be due to the incompleteness of the SDSS spectroscopic survey at the faint end, alternative scenarios that give rise to offset bars such as interactions with dark companions or the effect of lopsided halo potentials should be considered. Future observations are needed to confirm possible low-mass companion candidates and to determine the shape of the dark matter halo, in order to find the explanation for the off-centre bars in these galaxies.
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