Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chihiro Furumizu, Shinichiro Sawa
Summary: The identification of LRR-RLKs in the genomes of mosses and hornworts suggests their diversification into distinct groups during the early evolution of land plants. Phylogenetic analysis of LRR-RLK X sequences from major land plant lineages reveals that this subfamily diversified into six major clades before the split between bryophytes and vascular plants. The phylogenetic distribution of major clades indicates that the current receptor repertoire was shaped by lineage-specific gene family expansions and independent gene losses, highlighting dynamic changes in the evolution of LRR-RLKs.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Hyewon Cho, Jungmo Lee, Eunkyoo Oh
Summary: LRR-RLPs and LRR-RLKs are important transmembrane receptors that play critical roles in plant development and immunity. LRR-RLPs transmit signals by forming complexes with co-receptor BAK1 and adaptor protein SOBIR1.
JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Yalei Su, Xianjun Peng, Shihua Shen
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the LRR-RLK gene family in paper mulberry, revealing the existence of 236 LRR-RLK genes and their classification. The analysis indicates that these genes have divergent structures and motifs, and their expansion is attributed to tandem and segmental duplications. Additionally, these genes are associated with plant development, stress response, especially cold resistance.
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexander D. Coleman, Julian Maroschek, Lars Raasch, Frank L. W. Takken, Stefanie Ranf, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: This study investigated the immune response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Fusarium elicitors and identified the crucial role of MIK2 in perceiving fungal elicitors in plants, along with the signaling pathways involved. These findings provide important insights for improving resistance in crops against fungal pathogens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Kim, Jeonghyang Park, Byeong Wook Jeon, Geonhee Hwang, Na Young Kang, Yeim We, Won-Young Park, Eunkyoo Oh, Jungmook Kim
Summary: This study presents an engineered rapamycin-inducible dimerization receptor system that can trigger LRR-RK signaling independent of ligands or endogenous receptors. By using this system, the authors demonstrated that rapamycin-mediated association can activate downstream brassinosteroid signaling and immune responses, while also revealing the potential functions and differential activities of some LRR-RKs in immune signaling.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jillian H. Kluss, Patrick A. Lewis, Elisa Greggio
Summary: This review provides updates on the current status of drugs and technologies targeting LRRK2 in the treatment of PD, evaluating their efficacy and overall safety in animal models and humans.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chuan Chen, Yaqi Zhao, Girma Tabor, Huiqin Nian, Joanie Phillips, Petra Wolters, Qin Yang, Peter Balint-Kurti
Summary: Southern leaf blight (SLB) is a major foliar disease in maize caused by the fungal pathogen C. heterostrophus, resulting in significant yield losses worldwide. We have identified a gene called ChSK1 on chromosome 3 that enhances susceptibility to SLB in maize. This finding contributes to our understanding of disease susceptibility genes and has the potential for engineering resistant maize varieties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuan Liu, Congqing Hao, Wei Zhang, Yuzhou Liu, Sen Guo, Ran Li, Meng Peng, Yawei Xu, Xiaoxin Pei, Haibo Yang, Yintao Zhao
Summary: In this study, it was found that LRRK2 deficiency protected the heart against cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload by regulating autophagy levels.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Peng-Hsiang Liao, Han-Lin Chiang, Chia-Tung Shun, Jen-Fan Hang, Han-Mo Chiu, Ming-Shiang Wu, Chin-Hsien Lin
Summary: This study investigated the expression of LRRK2 in colonic biopsies obtained from PD patients and healthy controls. The results showed that the fraction of LRRK2-positive cells was significantly higher in PD patients compared to controls, and individuals with LRRK2 genetic variants had higher colonic LRRK2 immunoreactivity. LRRK2 expression correlated with disease severity, and PD patients in the prodromal phase had a faster increase in colonic LRRK2 expression.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Defu Chen, Hongye Guo, Shuai Chen, Qianying Yue, Pei Wang, Xiwen Chen
Summary: Based on phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic analysis, this study demonstrates that receptor-like kinase HAESA-like 1 positively affects seed longevity in Arabidopsis. The disruption of HSL1 results in a decrease in seed longevity, attributed to an increase in adherent pectin content and downregulation of genes involved in trehalose synthesis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason J. Kwon, William C. Hahn
Summary: SHOC2 is a key scaffold protein that plays a critical role in RTK/RAS signaling, facilitating downstream receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and RAS signaling while mediating various cellular and developmental processes.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Christiane Zhu, Susanne Herbst, Patrick A. Lewis
Summary: LRRK2 is a multidomain protein involved in regulating signaling pathways and cellular processes. It is associated with diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Research on LRRK2 aims to uncover its mechanisms and find new therapies.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Aleksandra Beylina, Rebekah G. Langston, Dorien Rosen, Xylena Reed, Mark R. Cookson
Summary: This study presents a series of isogenic iPSC lines with different LRRK2 mutations, which can be used to assess the effects of these mutations on LRRK2 function and to study LRRK2 interactors and substrates in iPSC-derived cellular models.
STEM CELL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruiwei Cao, Caiping Chen, Jing Wen, Weihe Zhao, Chaojun Zhang, Longhui Sun, Liyan Yuan, Chunlei Wu, Lei Shan, Meiyang Xi, Haopeng Sun
Summary: This review provides an overview of Parkinson's disease (PD) and LRRK2, highlighting the structure, pathogenic mutations, and mechanism of LRRK2. It summarizes the development of LRRK2 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies. The review aims to provide insights into targeting LRRK2 for PD intervention in the future.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Chihiro Furumizu, Reidunn Birgitta Aalen
Summary: Multicellular organisms require cell-to-cell communication mechanisms for fulfilling their functions. Peptides known as post-translationally modified peptides (PTMPs) have been identified as components of cell-to-cell signaling modules in flowering plants, influencing growth and development of non-conserved organs. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed the presence of seven clades of receptors related to PTMPs, dating back to the common ancestor of bryophytes and vascular plants. Questions regarding the timing of peptide signaling emergence, preservation of biological functions, and contributions to major innovations can now be addressed using genomic, genetic, biochemical, and structural data.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Severin Einspanier, Tamara Susanto, Nicole Metz, Pieter J. Wolters, Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers, Asa Lankinen, Erland Liljeroth, Sofie Landschoot, Zarko Ivanovic, Ralph Hueckelhoven, Hans Hausladen, Remco Stam
Summary: Through whole-genome sequencing of 48 isolates of Alternaria solani from potato fields across Europe, seven genotypes were identified which do not follow a geographical pattern but are spread throughout Europe. Evidence of recombination on the genome indicates higher adaptive potential of the fungus than previously thought. The Sdh mutations associated with SDHI resistance appeared independently multiple times in different genetic backgrounds.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
A. Corina Vlot, Maaria Rosenkranz
Summary: The article discusses the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as communication compounds between plants and insects, as well as their release and mediation of interactions in various organisms. These studies are important for understanding the biological and ecological functions of microbial VOCs (mVOCs) and their potential application in sustainable crop protection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alessandro Brambilla, Anna Sommer, Andrea Ghirardo, Marion Wenig, Claudia Knappe, Baris Weber, Melissa Amesmaier, Miriam Lenk, Jorg-Peter Schnitzler, A. Corina Vlot
Summary: This study demonstrates that SAR-like defense in barley can be propagated between neighboring plants, enhancing resistance of receiver plants to volatile cues from infected senders. VOCs and plant-plant interactions may play a significant role in priming defense responses in barley, suggesting potential crop protection strategies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Felix Hoheneder, Eva Maria Biehl, Katharina Hofer, Johannes Petermeier, Jennifer Groth, Markus Herz, Michael Rychlik, Michael Hess, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: The epidemiology of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in spring barley was assessed in this study. Soil and spray inoculation were used to increase disease pressure and provoke genotypic differentiation. The evaluation of stable quantitative FHB resistance in barley genotypes was achieved through the quantification of fungal DNA contents and multiple Fusarium toxins. The study also identified the impact of weather conditions on fungal colonization in mature barley grain.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Stegmann, Patricia Zecua-Ramirez, Christina Ludwig, Ho-Seok Lee, Brenda Peterson, Zachary L. Nimchuk, Youssef Belkhadir, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: Plant immune responses need to be tightly controlled for proper allocation of resources for growth and development. Recent research has discovered that some endogenous signaling peptides not only regulate plant development and growth but also play a regulatory role in plant immune responses. In this study, GLV2 peptides are identified as phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana, enhancing sensitivity to bacterial elicitors and contributing to resistance against bacterial pathogens. The GLV2 signaling is perceived by RGI receptors and promotes PRR abundance independent of transcriptional regulation, controlling plant immunity through a previously undescribed phytocytokine activity mechanism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lukas Weiss, Lana Gaelings, Tina Reiner, Julia Mergner, Bernhard Kuster, Attila Feher, Goetz Hensel, Manfred Gahrtz, Jochen Kumlehn, Stefan Engelhardt, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: Small RHO-type G-proteins are crucial for signaling and polarity regulation in eukaryotic cells. The activity of these proteins is tightly controlled through nucleotide exchange and posttranslational modification (PTM). In this study, phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the barley ROP RACB were identified, suggesting their roles in regulating RACB stability and activity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Eccleston, Alessandro Brambilla, A. Corina Vlot
Summary: Plants have a complex immune signalling network to defend against pathogens, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance. Second messengers such as calcium, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide play crucial roles in SAR. Plant volatile organic compounds can modulate defence by regulating signalling pathways. This review discusses recent findings on induced defence signalling, focusing on new signalling molecules and their integration into these networks.
ESSAYS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tanja Jeblick, Thomas Leisen, Christina E. Steidele, Isabell Albert, Jonas Mueller, Sabrina Kaiser, Florian Mahler, Frederik Sommer, Sandro Keller, Ralph Hueckelhoven, Matthias Hahn, David Scheuring
Summary: The secreted Botrytis protein hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 activates plant defense to kill plant cells. According to their lifestyle, plant pathogens are divided into biotrophic and necrotrophic organisms. However, the precise role of these proteins during infection is unknown.
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Laupheimer, L. Kurzweil, R. Proels, S. B. Unsicker, T. D. Stark, C. Dawid, R. Hueckelhoven
Summary: Plants have evolved volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to defend against biotic stress. In this study, the researchers analyzed the VOCs emitted by wounded barley plants and found that they enhanced resistance in receiver plants against fungal infection. The main compound responsible for this effect was (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3HAC). The VOCs induced a complex physiological response and increased disease resistance in the receiver plants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Engelhardt, Adriana Trutzenberg, Michaela Kopischke, Katja Probst, Christopher McCollum, Johanna Hofer, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: Successful pathogens benefit from host cellular processes. The small monomeric G-protein RACB is required for susceptibility of Blumeria hordei to fungal penetration in barley. RACB can interact with the host protein RIC157, promoting fungal penetration into barley epidermal cells.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kornelia Bauer, Shahran Nayem, Martin Lehmann, Marion Wenig, Lin-Jie Shu, Stefanie Ranf, Peter Geigenberger, A. Corina Vlot
Summary: The structures of plant cell walls, specifically pectin and hemicellulose, are involved in defense responses against different parasitic pathogens. These responses incorporate signaling components associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). SA is particularly important in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting, broad protection against biotrophic invaders. The protein beta-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 (BXL4) plays a central role in SAR signaling mechanisms, and changes in cell wall metabolism contribute to systemic immunity. The complexity of SAR regulation allows for potential plant protection measures involving SAR-associated cell wall components.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Parvinderdeep S. Kahlon, Andrea Foerner, Michael Muser, Mhaned Oubounyt, Michael Gigl, Richard Hammerl, Jan Baumbach, Ralph Hueckelhoven, Corinna Dawid, Remco Stam
Summary: Natural plant populations show polymorphism and intraspecific variation in resistance against pathogens. Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or elicitors can activate defence responses, and this variation was evaluated in the wild tomato species Solanum chilense. The diversity in basal and elicitor-induced levels of reactive oxygen species and phytohormones was measured in 83 plants from nine populations. Geographical origin influenced the effect of individual components on infection frequency of Phytophthora infestans, with a direct correlation found between ethylene responses and resistance in the southern coastal region.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alessandro Brambilla, Miriam Lenk, Andrea Ghirardo, Laura Eccleston, Claudia Knappe, Baris Weber, Birgit Lange, Jafargholi Imani, Anton R. Schaeffner, Joerg-Peter Schnitzler, A. Corina Vlot
Summary: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in barley, a monocotyledonous cereal crop, relies on the synthesis of pipecolic acid (Pip) and the release of nonanal as a volatile signal for plant-to-plant propagation of immunity. The study shows that the aminotransferase ALD1 and endogenous Pip are crucial for SAR in barley, and their absence alters systemic defense against the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Additionally, Hvald1 plants fail to emit nonanal, preventing neighboring plants from perceiving and responding to airborne cues for upcoming infections.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuankun Yang, Christina E. Steidele, Clemens Roessner, Birgit Loeffelhardt, Dagmar Kolb, Thomas Leisen, Weiguo Zhang, Christina Ludwig, Georg Felix, Michael F. Seidl, Annette Becker, Thorsten Nuernberger, Matthias Hahn, Bertolt Gust, Harald Gross, Ralph Hueckelhoven, Andrea A. Gust
Summary: Plants have evolved pattern-recognition receptors to perceive pathogens. Small cysteine-rich proteins are important immune targets that led to convergent evolution of distinct immune receptors in plants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Athanas Guzha, Robert McGee, Patricia Scholz, Denise Hartken, Daniel Ludke, Kornelia Bauer, Marion Wenig, Krzysztof Zienkiewicz, Cornelia Herrfurth, Ivo Feussner, A. Corina Vlot, Marcel Wiermer, George Haughn, Till Ischebeck
Summary: Plant cell walls serve as barriers against microbial pathogens, and BXL4 plays a crucial role in plant immunity by removing side-chains of polysaccharides in the cell wall.