Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amanda Izeli Portilho, Gabrielle Gimenes Lima, Elizabeth De Gaspari
Summary: The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a versatile technique that has made significant contributions to infectious disease research. This review highlights its application in the study of COVID-19, allowing scientists to gain a better understanding of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can be modified to assess antibody functionality and study cellular immunity, providing valuable insights into the differences between natural and vaccine-induced immune responses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Entomology
Lei Yang, Li-Ming Qiu, Qi Fang, David W. Stanley, Gong-Yin Ye
Summary: The immune interactions between Drosophila and its parasitoids involve cellular and humoral immunity. Drosophila utilizes multiple natural immune defense systems to counteract parasitoid infestation, while parasitic wasps introduce virulence factors to manipulate the host's immunity for successful parasitism.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kaige Chen, Zheng Zhang, Jiachen Zhang, Ziyuan Fang, Wang Dong, Yucai Wang, Min Li
Summary: This study explores a new antigen-caged adjuvant strategy, in which a controlled bio-mineralization method is used to prepare antigen-caged metal adjuvants. The results demonstrate that this strategy can enhance the adjuvanticity of aluminum adjuvants and promote the internalization of antigen and adjuvant by antigen-presenting cells, leading to robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
Review
Immunology
Hanan Al-Khalaifah
Summary: This study provides a detailed discussion of the immune responses between snails and parasites, including phagocytosis, nitric oxide synthesis, phenol oxidase activity, lysozymes, and lectin formation. Understanding the nature of these interactive reactions allows scientists to explore approaches for eliminating and treating parasitic infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ana Garcia-Castro, Adriana Egui, Maria Carmen Thomas, Manuel Carlos Lopez
Summary: This review aims to analyze the relationship between the host antigen-specific immune response and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Most studies indicate that asymptomatic dogs have an increased proliferative response and a Th1 cytokine profile, which are associated with the absence of clinical symptoms.
Article
Immunology
Masataro Toda, Ayumi Yoshifuji, Tetsuo Nakayama, Setsuko Mise-Omata, Emi Oyama, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Ho Namkoong, Motoaki Komatsu, Akihiko Yoshimura, Naoki Hasegawa, Kan Kikuchi, Munekazu Ryuzaki
Summary: Breakthrough infections in hemodialysis patients may induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses than booster immunizations. Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG, cytokines, and memory T cells were observed in the breakthrough infection group compared to the booster immunization group.
Article
Immunology
Priscilla Ramos Costa, Carolina Argondizo Correia, Mariana Prado Marmorato, Juliana Zanatta de Carvalho Dias, Mateus Vailant Thomazella, Amanda Cabral da Silva, Ana Carolina Soares de Oliveira, Arianne Fagotti Gusmao, Lilian Ferrari, Angela Carvalho Freitas, Elizabeth Gonzalez Patino, Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Rami Scharf, Esper Georges Kallas, Cassia Gisele Terrassani Silveira
Summary: Coronavac, a widely used SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, induces a potent and durable antiviral immune response, as demonstrated by the activation of various immune cells, balanced cytokine production, and stable levels of specific antibodies. However, the cytokine profiles differ in older individuals. These findings provide important insights into the long-term immune response following vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Huan Huang, Hao Ran, Xiaoxi Liu, Lu Yu, Li Qiu, Zhongqiang Lin, Changyi Ou, Yaru Lu, Wenhao Yang, Weibin Liu
Summary: The study found that leflunomide can alleviate the severity of EAMG by regulating humoral immune responses and balancing Th cell subsets, potentially by inhibiting Tfh cells and reducing antibody secretion.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aunyaratana Thontiravong, Teerawut Nedumpun, Patchareeporn Ninvilai, Wikanda Tunterak, Navapon Techakriengkrai, Wijit Banlunara, Sanipa Suradhat
Summary: DTMUV infection significantly impacts the immune components and functions of ducks, leading to the loss of non-T and B lymphocyte/myeloid cell subpopulations and reduced phagocytic activity. However, T and B cell numbers increase during the early phase of infection. There is a negative correlation between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T, B and non-T and B lymphocyte levels and viral loads. Furthermore, DTMUV infection induces an early and robust neutralizing antibody response.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Skaalum Petersen, Laura Perez-Alos, Sunnvor K. Kongsstovu, Eina Hansen Eliasen, Cecilie Bo Hansen, Solrun Larsen, Johanna Ljosa Hansen, Rafael Bayarri-Olmos, Jogvan Pall Fjallsbak, Pal Weihe, Peter Garred
Summary: The immunity following infection and vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is poorly understood. This study investigated the antibody and T-cell responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with and without Omicron infection. The results showed that the humoral response was higher among vaccinated-naive individuals compared to unvaccinated convalescent individuals. Unvaccinated individuals with and without infection had similarly low humoral responses, while vaccinated individuals with a second or third dose had increasingly higher levels. Only a minor fraction of unvaccinated individuals had detectable humoral responses following Omicron infection, while almost all had positive T-cell responses. In conclusion, primary Omicron infection mounts a low humoral immune response, enhanced by prior vaccination. Omicron infection induced a robust T-cell response in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, with a greater impact on humoral immunity than T-cell immunity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
Wei Yang, Ngoc Tuan Tran, Chun-Hua Zhu, De-Fu Yao, Jude Juventus Aweya, Yi Gong, Hong-Yu Ma, Yue-Ling Zhang, Guang-Li Li, Sheng-Kang Li
Summary: Immune priming has been demonstrated as a form of immune memory in invertebrates without acquired immune systems, with implications for vaccinating economically valuable shellfish. Research on priming responses and mechanisms is necessary for the development of prophylactic strategies. Both humoral and cellular factors are involved in priming protection, but cellular immunity appears to be more important in pathogen clearance and survival.
Article
Immunology
Esther Dawen Yu, Alba Grifoni, Aaron Sutherland, Hannah Voic, Eric Wang, April Frazier, Natalia Jimenez-Truque, Sandra Yoder, Sabrina Welsh, Stacey Wooden, Wayne Koff, Buddy Creech, Alessandro Sette, Ricardo da Silva Antunes
Summary: The study found that the Flucelvax (R) quadrivalent influenza vaccine has a significant impact on T cell immunity, with increased CD4 and CD8 cell responses to different influenza antigens post-vaccination, maintaining a Th1 polarized profile. No vaccine interference was detected, with balanced responses across all four included viral strains for both CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting HA and multiple additional viral antigens.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Feng-Xia Gao, Rui-Xin Wu, Mei-Ying Shen, Jing-Jing Huang, Ting-Ting Li, Chao Hu, Fei-Yang Luo, Shu-Yi Song, Song Mu, Ya-Nan Hao, Xiao-Jian Han, Ying-Ming Wang, Luo Li, Sheng-Long Li, Qian Chen, Wang Wang, Ai-Shun Jin
Summary: The use of repeated vaccine boosters in the face of SARS-CoV-2 variants remains uncertain in terms of their effectiveness and potential adverse effects. This study compared the immune responses of extended RBD vaccine boosters with conventional immunization strategies in mice. The findings indicate that extended vaccination with boosters reduced antibody titers and neutralizing efficacy, impaired T cell activation, and promoted immune tolerance.
Article
Biophysics
Yue Zhang, Zexiao Fan, Pengfei Gu, Ningning Mao, Song Peng, Zuchen Song, Zhenguang Liu, Yang Yang, Deyun Wang
Summary: The Chinese yam polysaccharides PLGA-stabilized Pickering emulsion (CYP-PPAS) is a potentially safe and efficient adjuvant that enhances immune response. It improves antigen uptake efficiency, promotes recruitment and maturation of immune cells, and enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meng Wang, Wei Xia, Qiang Zeng, Wenxin Zhang, Xi Qian, Shuangshuang Bao, Aifen Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Shunqing Xu
Summary: Lead exposure during prenatal and childhood periods was found to be associated with changes in preschool-aged children's plasma cytokine levels, including a reduction in IL-10 and IL-4 levels and an increase in TNF-alpha levels. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between childhood lead exposure and T lymphocyte subsets. This suggests that lead exposure during critical developmental periods may have long-term effects on immune responses in children.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)