Regulation of antimicrobial resistance by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors

Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are a subfamily of sigma(70) sigma factors that activate genes involved in stress-response functions. In many bacteria, ECF sigma factors regulate resistance to antimicrobial compounds. This review will summarize the ECF sigma factors that regulate antimicrobial resistance in model organisms and clinically relevant pathogens. (C) 2017 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.