Article
Neurosciences
Sebastian C. Schneider, Stephan Kaczmarz, Jens Goettler, Jan Kufer, Benedikt Zott, Josef Priller, Michael Kallmayer, Claus Zimmer, Christian Sorg, Christine Preibisch
Summary: This study investigates and compares different hemodynamic-vascular processes and their impact on BOLD-FC in healthy controls and patients with ICAS. The results suggest that systemic perfusion delays have a stronger influence on BOLD-FC than impairments in local neurovascular coupling.
Article
Cell Biology
Donato A. Rivas, Fei Peng, Townsend Benard, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Roger A. Fielding, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The study found that miR-19b-3p plays a crucial role in regulating muscle synthesis, contributing to understanding the varied responses of mobility-limited older adults to anabolic stimuli.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
D. Rangaprakash, Robert L. Barry, Gopikrishna Deshpande
Summary: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a method to indirectly measure neural activity, but its accuracy is affected by the variability of the hemodynamic response function (HRF). This article argues that ignoring HRF variability confounds connectivity estimates within subjects and group differences between subjects. The clinical relevance of HRF aberrations in various disorders is also discussed. Limited data on HRF differences between men and women are presented, showing a median error of 15.4% in functional connectivity estimates at the group level. The implications of HRF variability for spinal cord fMRI studies are also discussed. More dialogue within the scientific community on the HRF confound is needed, and it is hoped that this article will serve as a catalyst for this discussion.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eleftherios Kavroulakis, Nicholas J. Simos, Thomas G. Maris, Ioannis Zaganas, Simeon Panagiotakis, Efrosini Papadaki
Summary: This study found age-related changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity and hemodynamics in adulthood, with a greater reduction in connectivity and increased hemodynamic lead in frontal regions, while the effects were influenced by concurrent subclinical depression symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Andreas Hahn, Murray Reed, Chrysoula Vraka, Godber Godbersen, Sebastian Klug, Arkadiusz Komorowski, Pia Falb, Lukas Nics, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Marcus Hacker, Rupert Lanzenberger
Summary: This study presents a novel approach to investigate metabolic and hemodynamic responses during cognitive processing, allowing for the examination of unique temporal information that is not accessible with conventional PET imaging techniques.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qingqing Zhang, Samuel R. Cramer, Kevin L. Turner, Thomas Neuberger, Patrick J. Drew, Nanyin Zhang
Summary: In this study, it was found that the multi-phase blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) response observed in the visual cortices of unanesthetized rats during decreased illumination can be better explained by the high-frequency neuronal signal rather than non-neuronal physiological factors. The phases of the BOLD response were found to be reproducible and were not simply a result of the periodic stimulation structure.
Article
Cell Biology
Daniil P. Aksenov, Limin Li, Natalya A. Serdyukova, David A. Gascoigne, Evan D. Doubovikov, Alexander Drobyshevsky
Summary: The aim of this study was to simulate the functional deficiency of interneurons by injecting the GABA antagonist, picrotoxin. The results showed that after picrotoxin administration, neuronal activity increased, the BOLD responses to stimulation became negative, and the brain tissue oxygen levels nearly disappeared.
Article
Neurosciences
Annchen R. Knodt, Maxwell L. Elliott, Ethan T. Whitman, Alex Winn, Angela Addae, David Ireland, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Ahmad R. Hariri
Summary: Mapping individual differences in brain function has been hindered by low reliability and limited interpretability. This study demonstrates that measures of the principal functional connectivity (FC) gradient show higher reliability than traditional edge-wise FC measures and have a potential for predicting cognition and aging.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica N. Kraft, Alejandro Albizu, Andrew O'Shea, Hanna K. Hausman, Nicole D. Evangelista, Emanuel Boutzoukas, Cheshire Hardcastle, Emily J. Van Etten, Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj, Hyun Song, Samantha G. Smith, Steven DeKosky, Georg A. Hishaw, Samuel Wu, Michael Marsiske, Ronald Cohen, Gene E. Alexander, Eric Porges, Adam J. Woods
Summary: This study investigates the neural correlates of a UFOV-based task using fMRI. The results reveal widespread brain activation during the task and specific brain regions associated with task performance.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Chu Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Ji Won Lee, Eunju Kim, Sang-Hee Choi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the BOLD technique to assess the response to NChT in osteosarcoma patients. The R2* values were found to have better correlation with the pathologic grade in the extraosseous portion. The BOLD MRI technique may be a useful biomarker for evaluating treatment response in osteosarcoma treated with NchT.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jort Veen, Diego Montiel-Rojas, Fawzi Kadi, Andreas Nilsson
Summary: The study investigates the impact of reallocating time spent in different intensities of physical activity (PA) on sarcopenia risk in older adults. The results show that reallocating sedentary time to at least light-intensity PA is significantly related to a lower sarcopenia risk score (SRS), even after adjustment for PA type and protein intake. Similarly, reallocating time in light- to moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA is also related to a lower SRS. These findings emphasize the importance of displacing sedentary behaviors for more active pursuits in older adults to alleviate age-related deterioration of muscle health.
Article
Neuroimaging
Joseph J. Shaffer, Virginia Willour, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Gary E. Christensen, Jeffrey D. Long, Casey P. Johnson, Samantha L. Schmitz, Aislinn J. Williams, John Wemmie, Vincent A. Magnotta
Summary: This study explored the relationship between suicide attempts and brain imaging measures in bipolar disorder, finding differences in brain activation and metabolism associated with suicide attempts. The study also revealed that the number of suicide attempts was related to differences in brain regions, indicating different neurobiological underpinnings for suicide history and number of attempts.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander John Poplawsky, Bistra Iordanova, Alberto L. Vazquez, Seong-Gi Kim, Mitsuhiro Fukuda
Summary: Functional MRI responses are primarily driven by the postsynaptic activities of synaptically-evoked inhibitory neurons, possibly through NMDA receptor-dependent calcium signaling that is not wholly dependent on nitric oxide.
Article
Neurosciences
Jingxuan Gong, Rachael C. Stickland, Molly G. Bright
Summary: This study found that the timing of arterial blood flow is more reliably characterized when a larger systemic vascular response is evoked by a breathing challenge compared to when only spontaneous fluctuations in vascular physiology are present. However, it is not clear whether the hemodynamic delays in these two conditions are physiologically interchangeable, and how methodological signal-to-noise factors may limit their agreement.