Article
Physiology
Stefanos Volianitis, Peter Rasmussen, Nicolas C. Petersen, Niels H. Secher
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of hyperoxia on cerebral oxygenation and neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms of the elbow flexor muscles following ergometer rowing. The results indicate that hyperoxia can increase cerebral oxygenation and attenuate muscle fatigue after rowing, suggesting that this effect is peripheral rather than centrally mediated.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
John Rothwell, Andrea Antal, David Burke, Antony Carlsen, Dejan Georgiev, Marjan Jahanshahi, Dagmar Sternad, Josep Valls-Sole, Ulf Ziemann
Summary: This chapter focuses on methods used to probe neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord for the study of movement disorders, including spinal and supraspinal reflexes, transcranial brain stimulation methods, EEG methods, and behavioral measures. The methods are mainly discussed in healthy individuals.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Rocchi, Alessandro Di Santo, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Elias Casula, Vishal Rawji, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giacomo Koch, John Rothwell
Summary: The study aims to measure the separate contributions of auditory and somatosensory stimulation caused by TMS, and assess their impact on the TEP waveform during motor cortex stimulation.
Auditory stimulation induces known responses in electrodes around the vertex, which can be suppressed by appropriate noise masking. Stimulation of the scalp alone generates nonspecific responses in central electrodes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshinori Kadono, Keigo Koguchi, Ken-ichi Okada, Koichi Hosomi, Motoki Hiraishi, Takashi Ueguchi, Ikuhiro Kida, Adnan Shah, Guoxiang Liu, Youichi Saitoh
Summary: CPSP is a type of pain that occurs after a stroke near the somatosensory pathway, believed to be caused by maladaptive reorganization between various brain regions. Treatment options for CPSP are not well-established, but repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the primary motor cortex has shown clinical efficacy in relieving pain in CPSP patients, possibly by modulating functional brain connectivity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zicai Liu, Xin Wen, Yuchun Shao, Zihao Wan, Bangliang Liu, Risheng Wang, Huiyu Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for patients with peripheral facial paralysis. Both central and peripheral stimulation can effectively improve facial nerve function, but there is no significant difference in efficacy between the two sites.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
M. Garcia-Pallero, Diana Cardona, Lola Rueda-Ruzafa, Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia, Pablo Roman
Summary: Phantom limb pain is a difficult-to-treat chronic pain syndrome. Neurostimulation treatment shows potential as an effective option, although more research evidence is needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have been found to be effective in reducing pain perception and relieving anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seung Yeon Jeon, Jung Ho Choi, Sun Seong Kang, Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim
Summary: Personalized neuromodulation, where treatment modalities are chosen based on the patient's responses in a pilot trial, is an advantageous strategy for treating tinnitus. The study found that the improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score after 10 sessions of each neuromodulation was significantly greater in the personalized group compared to the randomized group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Tingting Zhang, Bingqi Guo, Zhentao Zuo, Xiaojing Long, Shimin Hu, Siran Li, Xin Su, Yuping Wang, Chunyan Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) on human motor cortex excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter-related intracortical circuitry and plasticity. The results showed that tFUS can significantly increase M1 excitability, decrease intracortical inhibition, and change the concentration of GABA and Glx in the brain. These findings provide new insights into how tFUS can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong Hoon Bae, Seo Jin Moon, Jeong Gum Lee, Yun Kyung Yim, Hee So Oh, Dong Hee Han, In Seok Moon
Summary: The study compared the effects of rTMS and tDCS treatments for chronic tinnitus, showing comparable results in reducing tinnitus symptoms, with tDCS possibly being more cost-effective.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin Blay, Ondine Adam, Remy Bation, Filipe Galvao, Jerome Brunelin, Marine Mondino
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on clinical and cognitive insight in patients with schizophrenia. Despite the lack of high-quality large randomized controlled trials, the available findings provide preliminary evidence that NIBS can improve clinical insight in patients with schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Paul Muhle, Bendix Labeit, Andreas Wollbrink, Inga Claus, Tobias Warnecke, Carsten H. Wolters, Joachim Gross, Rainer Dziewas, Sonja Suntrup-Krueger
Summary: Pharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia is a major cause of dysphagia in neurological diseases. Peripheral pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) was found to increase brain activity during swallowing, while transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had no effect on central processing in this study.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mariagiovanna Cantone, Giuseppe Lanza, Francesco Fisicaro, Rita Bella, Raffaele Ferri, Giovanni Pennisi, Gunnar Waterstraat, Manuela Pennisi
Summary: This study provides a set of age- and height-adjusted reference values for motor evoked potential (MEP) latency, central motor conduction time (CMCT), and peripheral motor conduction time (PMCT). The study also highlights the influence of sex on MEP latency and motor conduction time. These reference values are important for clinical studies and evaluation.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kiyoshige Ishibashi, Daisuke Ishii, Satoshi Yamamoto, Akira Noguchi, Kenya Tanamachi, Yutaka Kohno
Summary: Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) can modulate the excitability of the corticospinal tract (CST) through different patterns, with intermittent PES (30 Hz) increasing MEP amplitudes while continuous PES (12 and 30 Hz) decreasing amplitudes. This study suggests that the selection of PES pattern in therapeutic interventions may need to consider the desired effect and the neural structure being targeted.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rachael M. Harrington, Lisa C. Krishnamurthy, Alexandra Ossowski, Mykayla Jeter, Adriane Davis, Ewelina Bledniak, Ashley L. Ware, Robin Morris, C. Nikki Arrington
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TBS on the reading system and found that both intermittent TBS and continuous TBS had similar effects on reaction time. It was observed that pseudoword processing speed improved 60-70 minutes after stimulation, while there was no significant change in the behavioral control task over time.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Carly A. Lasagna, Stephan F. Taylor, Taraz G. Lee, Saige Rutherford, Tristan Greathouse, Pan Gu, Ivy F. Tso
Summary: The study found that cTBS applied to V2 does not create blind spots in the central visual field during a simple detection task. Future research should investigate subtler changes to vision and downstream visual perception.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rachel Kimble, Katherine Jones, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Anthocyanins have potential to facilitate exercise recovery by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing strength and muscle soreness. The effects are dose-dependent.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Steven J. Marshall, Kirsty M. Hicks, Glyn Howatson, Lisa Cox, Kevin Thomas
Summary: This study examined the validity and reliability of measuring patellar tendon (PT) cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The findings indicate that both MRI and US can accurately estimate the PT CSA, with US measurements showing excellent reliability.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kia Salimi, Masoomeh Alvandi, Mahdi Saberi Pirouz, Kamran Rakhshan, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Skeletal muscle responds to exercise training by increasing muscle protein synthesis through the translation elongation pathway. This review highlights the impact of exercise training on this pathway, focusing on the molecular factors and the mode and volume of exercise training intervention.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Wippich, Glyn Howatson, Georgia Allen-Baker, Derek Farrell, Matthew Kiernan, Andrea Scott-Bell
Summary: This study conducted experiments on low socioeconomic status individuals and refugees in Lebanon, proving the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. These findings contribute to the research base for under-researched populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Natalie Dyas, David Green, Kevin Thomas, Esme Matthew, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical floor based performance measures and maximum Time of Flight (ToF) in elite gymnasts. The results showed that there were very large and large positive correlations between CMJ F-0 and ToF for seniors and juniors respectively, and very large positive correlations between CMJ height and total ToF for both seniors and juniors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that CMJ F-0 predicted 72% of ToF variability in seniors, while CMJ height, 10 to 5 Reactive Strength Index (RSI), and CMJ F-0 predicted 82% of ToF variability in juniors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Daniel M. Over, Nicola Arjomandkhah, Jordan D. Beaumont, Stuart Goodall, Martin J. Barwood
Summary: The study found that menthol applied topically to the skin improves perception and increases force generation. Nine trained male subjects were tested after spraying menthol on their legs during different weightlifting tasks. The results showed an improved performance in the isometric and dynamic lifting tasks after the application of menthol.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rachelle Bester, Zinandre Stander, Shayne Mason, Karen M. Keane, Glyn Howatson, Tom Clifford, Emma J. Stevenson, Du Toit Loots
Summary: Extreme endurance events can have negative effects on athletes' health and performance, especially without sufficient recovery. This study aimed to understand the metabolic changes during post-marathon recovery and identify biomarkers related to stress, recovery, and adaptation. Using metabolomics, researchers found that several metabolites were significantly affected during recovery, including those related to energy production, gut microbiota, and muscle soreness. Although some metabolic pathways recovered within 48 hours, certain metabolites remained perturbed or fluctuated again after initial recovery.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily James, Tom Butler, Simon Nichols, Stuart Goodall, Alasdair F. O'Doherty
Summary: This study investigated the provision of dietary education in cardiac rehabilitation centers in the UK. The findings showed that nurses and dietitians were the primary providers of dietary education, and most services used credible resources to support their education. However, a significant proportion of practitioners did not have nutrition-related qualifications. The cardiac rehabilitation programs were mostly community-based, lasting 8 weeks, and included two diet sessions. The services primarily focused on the Mediterranean diet, with less attention given to topics such as malnutrition and protein intake.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Joshua C. Carr, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lindsey K. Lepley, Jason M. Defreitas, Stuart Goodall, Ashlee M. Hendy, Glyn Howatson, Dustin R. Grooms, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gulcan Harput, Maria Papandreou, Kazunori Nosaka, Richard G. Carson, Andrea Manca, Franca Deriu, David George Behm, Dawson J. Kidgell, Nicholas C. Clark, Lara A. Boyd
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Janne Avela, Miro Enroth, Ella Haekkinen, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated the reliability of motor evoked potentials and lumbar evoked potentials at different stimulation intensities and contraction levels in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that MEPs and LEPs elicited in m.rectus femoris appear to be reliable to assess changes at different segments of the cortico-spinal tract during different contraction levels and stimulator output intensities. Furthermore, the TMS- and LS- elicited SP was a reliable tool considered to reflect inhibitory processes at spinal and cortical levels.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Yonas Akalu, Ashlyn K. Frazer, Glyn Howatson, Alan J. Pearce, Ummatul Siddique, Mohamad Rostami, Jamie Tallent, Dawson J. Kidgell
Summary: In addition to its established role in postural control, the reticulospinal tract (RST) has been found to be involved in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. This review aimed to determine the overall role of the RST in motor function and recovery. A literature search retrieved 32 eligible studies, including human and animal studies, that assessed the role of the RST. The findings suggest that the RST plays an important role in motor recovery, gross motor function, and strength gain, although further studies are needed to better understand its role in healthy individuals and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Janne Avela, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) at different time delays in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that reduced spinal excitability was extended during 50% and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the future, paired TMS-lumbar stimulation (LS) could be a valuable method for studying changes in spinal excitability during SP and testing various neurophysiological phenomena.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny Lum, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study compared the acute effects of isometric strength training and heavy resistance training on sprinting, jumping, and isometric strength performance. The results showed that acute heavy resistance training led to a greater reduction in sprinting strength performance and lower perceived recovery.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)