Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal Hammel, Ishtiaque Rashid, Aleksandr Sverzhinsky, Yasin Pourfarjam, Miaw-Sheue Tsai, Tom Ellenberger, John M. Pascal, In-Kwon Kim, John A. Tainer, Alan E. Tomkinson
Summary: In this study, biophysical methods were used to reveal the shape and conformational flexibility of the XRCC1-DNA ligase III alpha complex (XL), showing that XL is more compact and identifying the components of its molecular interface. The findings suggest a potential new strategy for treating cancer cells deficient in homologous recombination by targeting the XRCC1-DNA ligase III alpha complex.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vincent E. Provasek, Joy Mitra, Vikas H. Malojirao, Muralidhar L. Hegde
Summary: The continuous process of DNA damage and repair is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Among different types of DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most dangerous and require timely repair. DSB repair is particularly important for nondividing, post-mitotic cells in the central nervous system (CNS), as failure in these mechanisms can lead to disruptions in neural networks and motor functions. In addition to repair pathways, DNA damage response (DDR) signaling and hnRNP proteins have been found to play important roles in neuronal DSB repair and are linked to age-associated neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maria Belland Olsen, Camilla Huse, Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa, Sarah Louise Murphy, Antonio Sarno, Tobias Sebastian Obermann, Kuan Yang, Jan Cato Holter, Marte Jontvedt Jorgensen, Erik Egeland Christensen, Wei Wang, Ping Ji, Lars Heggelund, Hedda Hoel, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Ida Gregersen, Pal Aukrust, Magnar Bjoras, Bente Halvorsen, Tuva Borresdatter Dahl
Summary: This study aimed to investigate DNA damage and repair in Covid-19 patients. The results showed that patients had comparable levels of DNA damage to healthy controls, but levels of DNA repair proteins were significantly increased, indicating enhanced DNA repair during acute infection. Gene expression analysis also revealed the involvement of DNA repair genes in respiratory failure. Furthermore, the regulation of DNA repair pathway was more significant during Covid-19 compared to other viral or bacterial infections.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azharul Islam, Anirban Chakraborty, Stefano Gambardella, Rosa Campopiano, Altaf H. Sarker, Istvan Boldogh, Tapas Hazra
Summary: Mutation in PNKP prevents its localization in the nucleus, leading to continuous activation of the DNA damage response and neurodegeneration in AOA4 patients.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ioannis Emmanouilidis, Natalia Fili, Alexander W. Cook, Yukti Hari-Gupta, Alia dos Santos, Lin Wang, Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez, Peter J. I. Ellis, Christopher P. Toseland
Summary: Mammalian cells are constantly exposed to various DNA damaging events, leading to the activation of DNA repair pathways. Cas9-based genomic intervention allows for induced DSBs at defined quantities and locations across the human genome, utilizing custom-designed promiscuous guide RNAs based on in silico predictions. This provides a generic, low-cost, and rapid methodology for inducing controlled DNA damage in cell culture models.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ye Cai, Huifen Cao, Fang Wang, Yufei Zhang, Philipp Kapranov
Summary: This study presents a high-resolution method, SSiNGLe-AP, to map abasic (AP) sites in mammalian genomes. The results show that AP sites are nonrandomly distributed in the genome and are influenced by gene expression, age, and tissue type.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matvey Mikhailovich Murashko, Ekaterina Mikhailovna Stasevich, Anton Markovich Schwartz, Dmitriy Vladimirovich Kuprash, Aksinya Nicolaevna Uvarova, Denis Eriksonovich Demin
Summary: Incorrect repair of DNA double-strand breaks leading to chromosomal rearrangements is a major cause of oncogenesis. Recent studies have highlighted the key role of various types of RNA in the formation, recognition, and repair of DSBs, with gene mutations or changes in RNA expression levels potentially leading to DNA repair defects and increased chromosome aberration frequency. Additionally, certain RNAs have been shown to stimulate long-range chromosomal rearrangements, and further research is needed to understand how RNA mediates specific chromosomal rearrangements.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado, Yesennia Sanchez-Perez, Yolanda I. Chirino, Claudia M. Garcia-Cuellar
Summary: This study analyzed the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, showing that PM mainly causes oxidative stress and DNA damage through the formation of DNA adducts and DSBs, as well as deregulates the protein expression in DNA repair pathways. However, there are still limitations in the knowledge about the effects of PM on DNA repair pathways, and further research is needed to deepen our understanding.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Charles K. Davis, Raghu Vemuganti
Summary: The study explores the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair induced by TBI, and discusses potential experimental therapies targeting DNA repair process members for improved outcomes following TBI.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Komulainen, Jack Badman, Stephanie Rey, Stuart Rulten, Limei Ju, Kate Fennell, Ilona Kalasova, Kristyna Ilievova, Peter J. McKinnon, Hana Hanzlikova, Kevin Staras, Keith W. Caldecott
Summary: The study demonstrates that high activity of DNA strand break sensor protein Parp1 in mice with Xrcc1 deletion can result in lethal seizures, which can be prevented and lifespan extended by inhibiting or deleting Parp1. This highlights PARP inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for hereditary neurological diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Jong-Hyuk Lee, Raghavendra A. Shamanna, Tomasz Kulikowicz, Nima Borhan Fakouri, Edward W. Kim, Louise S. Christiansen, Deborah L. Croteau, Vilhelm A. Bohr
Summary: Werner syndrome (WS) is an accelerated aging disorder characterized by genomic instability caused by WRN protein deficiency. The phosphorylation of WRN by CDK2 on serine residue 426 is critical for WRN to choose between non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. The phosphorylation stabilizes WRN's affinity for RPA and enhances its role in long-range resection, a crucial step for HR.
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Megumi Ishii, Tetsuya Ishii
Summary: This passage discusses whether genome-edited agricultural products should be considered genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how to prove definitively that a genome-edited organism does not contain exogenous DNA, taking social aspects into account.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Zheng-Cheng Yu, Tianhe Li, Ellen Tully, Peng Huang, Chih-Ning Chen, Philipp Oberdoerffer, Stephanie Gaillard, Ie-Ming Shih, Tian-Li Wang
Summary: ARID1A is a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and is frequently mutated in various types of human cancers, especially those originating from endometrial epithelium. Loss-of-function mutations in ARID1A affect epigenetic regulation, cell-cycle checkpoint control, and DNA damage repair. This study demonstrates that ARID1A-deficient cells harbor DNA base lesions and impaired base excision repair. Furthermore, the combination of temozolomide and PARP inhibitors effectively induces DNA damage and suppresses tumor growth in ARID1A-mutated cancers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sahar Waseem, Sudeep Kumar, Kanghoon Lee, Byoung-Ha Yoon, Mirang Kim, Hail Kim, Keesook Lee
Summary: PRMT1 is crucial for male fertility in mice, as its deficiency leads to impaired repair pathway of DNA double-strand breaks in male germ cells. This study provides new insight into the role of PRMT1-mediated asymmetric demethylation in mouse spermatogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shan Huang, Kaihang Wang, Stephen L. Mayo
Summary: A recent study shows that CbAgo, a prokaryotic argonaute, can induce DNA interference and generate double-stranded breaks in target DNAs. The study demonstrates that CbAgo can cleave genome target sites and induce chromosome recombination in Escherichia coli. The findings suggest that the guide-directed cleavage of pAgo on the host genome is mutagenic and can be utilized in genetic manipulation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
