Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meiying Li, Shun Wang, Tao Jia, Xianming Zhao
Summary: The mixed structure of lath bainite and martensite was successfully obtained in ultra-high-strength steel through isothermal transformation tests. The interweaving mode of lath bainite and martensite was revealed through colored metallography and band contrast analysis. Crystallographic characteristics were analyzed in terms of variant pairing, finding different variant pairs in regions with different band contrast values.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmad Mirzaei, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Vanessa K. Peterson, Ehsan Farabi, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of parent austenite grain refinement on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel. It found that refining the parent austenite grain led to a decrease in the fraction of certain boundaries in the martensite and an increase in the connectivity of low energy boundaries, ultimately improving the impact toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David De-Castro, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Javier Vivas, Francisca G. Caballero, David San-Martin, Carlos Capdevila
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of two different bainite morphologies in a low carbon microalloyed steel through different heat treatments. Advanced crystallographic characterization and quantitative metallography techniques were employed to analyze the differences in size and shape of the M/A constituents. The results show that the variations in crystallography and morphology can be explained by the different driving forces and amounts of bainitic ferrite formed at different temperature ranges.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinghao Wei, Lixin Sun, Zhongwu Zhang, Yang Zhang, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, Chain Tsuan Liu, Gang Zhao
Summary: In this study, the effects of aging treatments at 500 and 550 degrees C on the impact performance of a Cu precipitation-strengthened steel at a low temperature of -80 degrees C were investigated. The main factor controlling the low-temperature toughness was found to be solute segregation at lath boundaries. Excellent impact performance of -180 J at -80 degrees C, along with high yield strength of -1050 MPa and total elongation of 19%, can be achieved by controlling the segregation of solute elements, specifically Mo and Mn, at the lath boundaries. The evolution of matrix and precipitates during aging treatments and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms were also discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Francisca G. Caballero, Carlos Garcia-Mateo
Summary: The selection of crystallographic variants in bainitic microstructures is a well-studied topic, and the connection between variant selection and the distortion of the dilatometry signal can be further understood by combining theoretical and experimental methods. This study analyzed different bainitic microstructures and demonstrated how theoretical means can explain the experimental trends observed in bainitic transformations.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Javier Hidalgo, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Francisca G. Caballero, Carlos Garcia-Mateo
Summary: The mechanisms governing variant selection in ausformed bainitic microstructures were investigated in medium carbon-high silicon steel. The distribution of plastic strains at macro and micro levels played a key role in explaining the crystallographic variants selection, which was more pronounced in highly deformed regions and along deformation microbands.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhonghua Jiang, Yonghan Li, Zhendan Yang, Pei Wang, Dianzhong Li, Yiyi Li
Summary: The low alloy Mn-Ni-Mo steel exhibits granular bainite comprising bainitic ferrite, blocky islands of martensite and/or austenite (M-A islands), and film-type retained austenite (AR) before tempering. The volume fraction of AR decreases with increasing tempering temperature, resulting in different mechanical properties. Tempering at 280 degrees Celsius leads to optimum mechanical properties due to stress relaxation and decomposition of M-A islands, while tempering at 350-450 degrees Celsius causes tempering brittleness due to decomposition of AR films into carbides. Further increase in tempering temperature results in high toughness and low strength due to recovery and recrystallization of bainitic ferrite and precipitation of carbides.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adam Stahlkrantz, Peter Hedstrom, Niklas Sarius, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: Variant pairing in bainite was investigated in four different commercial low alloy steels with varying carbon content and austempering temperatures. The results showed that the most frequent variant pairing changed with temperature and carbon content, with V1-V6 being most common at lower temperatures. However, as the austempering temperature increased, variant pairings with lower misorientation boundaries such as V1-V4 and V1-V8 became more prevalent. Additionally, higher carbon content in the steel resulted in a less pronounced preferred variant pairing at intermediate temperatures. The study also observed a continuous increase in variant pairing within the same Bain group with increasing austempering temperature for all steels, along with an increase in deviation from the theoretical Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Bhuyan, G. V. S. Sastry, S. Patra, S. K. Pradhan, R. Manna
Summary: This study investigates the microstructure and crystallographic orientation relationship in a high carbon nanostructured bainitic steel that is austempered at 250 degrees C for different durations. The results show that longer austempering time reduces the dislocation density and leads to abnormal thickening of the bainite plate at the edges of the sheaf. The crystallographic orientation relationship between bainite and austenite is analyzed locally and over a broader area, revealing the presence of both the Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama-Wasserman relationships in the material.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yong Su, Binbin Hu, Shengyu Wang, Xingfu Yu, Shuai Yang, Shuai Wang, Huifang Liu
Summary: The effect of cooling rate after isothermal stage of vacuum austempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M50 steel was studied. Different cooling rates lead to different microstructures and increased hardness of the steel.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pedro Jose de Castro, Antonio Carlos de Figueiredo Silveira, Thiago Marques Ivaniski, Cristiano Jose Turra, Jeremy Epp, Alexandre da Silva Rocha
Summary: A new controlled two-step cooling route based on bainitic displacive growth principles was designed and applied in a steel with 0.18% carbon content. The study revealed a transition from granular bainite to lath-like bainite with higher hardness using the new cooling method.
MATERIALS RESEARCH-IBERO-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Behzad Avishan, Roya Karimkhani Shamloo, Elina Akbarzadeh Chiniforoush, Sasan Yazdani
Summary: Ultrafine carbide-free bainite can be obtained by continuous annealing of steels, leading to a microstructure with high strength. The study investigates the microstructural characteristics and impact toughness of high-carbon steel at different cooling rates, and the results show that the impact toughness can be improved by decreasing the cooling rate.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yue Dong, Xingang Liu, Junjie Zou, Yujiao Ke, Pengwei Liu, Lan Ma, Hengjun Luo
Summary: The control of post-forging cooling rate plays a crucial role in the industrial production process of titanium alloys. This study investigates the texture evolution and variant selection during the beta -> alpha transformation under different cooling rates. The results demonstrate that cooling rates significantly affect the grain size, variant types, and texture formation, providing important insights for the industrial production of near-beta titanium alloys.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Bin-Bin Wu, Zhi-Quan Wang, Cheng-Jia Shang, Yi-Shuang Yu, Devesh Misra
Summary: This study elucidated the effects of annealing twins on phase transformation products, showing that isothermal transformation near the martensite start temperature was most conducive in obtaining the highest content of twin-related variant pairs. The role of the austenite Sigma(3) boundary in martensite and bainite transformation was illustrated based on the classical nucleation theory of martensite and bainite, respectively.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adam Stahlkrantz, Peter Hedstrom, Niklas Sarius, Annika Borgenstam
Summary: The study investigates the variant pairing tendencies of a low alloy medium carbon bainitic steel during austempering at different temperatures. It finds distinct changes in variant pairing at various temperature ranges. The observations suggest similarities with variant pairing changes in martensite with varying carbon content.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmad Mirzaei, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Vanessa K. Peterson, Ehsan Farabi, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of parent austenite grain refinement on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel. It found that refining the parent austenite grain led to a decrease in the fraction of certain boundaries in the martensite and an increase in the connectivity of low energy boundaries, ultimately improving the impact toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. L. Church, C. E. P. Talbot, L. D. Connor, S. Michalik, N. G. Jones
Summary: Metastable beta Ti alloys based on the Ti-Nb system have attracted attention due to their unique properties. However, the unstable cyclic behavior of these alloys has hindered their widespread industrial use. Recent studies have shown that internal stresses, including those from dislocations, may be responsible for this behavior. This study demonstrates that inter-cycle thermal treatments can mitigate the unstable cyclic behavior, providing a significant breakthrough in our understanding of Ti-Nb superelastic materials.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Di Zhao, Chenchen Zhao, Ziyang Xiu, Jiuchun Yan
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy for achieving the bonding of SiC ceramic and Al alloy using ultrasound. The ultrasound promotes the dissolution of Al into the solder, activating the solder and triggering the interfacial reaction between SiC ceramic and solder. With increasing ultrasonic duration, the bonding between SiC and Al transitions from partial to full metallurgical bonding.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kang Du, Yang Zhang, Guangda Zhao, Tao Huang, Liyuan Liu, Junpeng Li, Xiyu Wang, Zhongwu Zhang
Summary: This paper systematically investigated the evolution of microstructure in Fe-Ni-Co-Al polycrystalline alloys and its effects on mechanical properties. The results revealed that the migration of grain boundaries in different processes is driven by different factors, which impacts the grain orientation and precipitate formation. In the process of directional recrystallization, grains with specific orientations grow in the grain boundary region and form the dominant orientation, while grains with lower migration rate form the minor orientation. The alloy produced through directional recrystallization exhibited good recoverable strain and superelastic strain, while the alloy produced through solid solution treatment showed no evident superelastic behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Edohamen Awannegbe, Liang Chen, Yue Zhao, Zhijun Qiu, Huijun Li
Summary: This study employed laser metal deposition to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% alloy, and subsequently subjected it to post-fabrication uniaxial thermomechanical processing. The results showed that different zones in the microstructure remained after processing, and deformation mechanisms mainly involved slip and martensite formation. The compressive mechanical properties were found to be dependent on strain rate, with higher flow stress and compressive strength observed at higher strain rates. Grain structure homogenisation was not achieved, leading to anisotropic tensile properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Reza Khatib Zadeh Davani, Enyinnaya George Ohaeri, Sandeep Yadav, Jerzy A. Szpunar, Jing Su, Michael Gaudet, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Arafin
Summary: This research aims to investigate the effect of roughing and finishing reductions on crystallographic texture. The results show significant heterogeneity in the centerline region, with higher intensity of certain textures. Drop Weight Tear Test indicates that steel specimens with lower and medium reductions exhibit superior low-temperature impact toughness compared to steel with higher reductions. The electrochemical hydrogen charging experiments confirm the presence of internal hydrogen cracks only in steel with lower and medium reductions.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Flavio De Barbieri, Denis Jorge-Badiola, Rodrigo Allende, Karem Tello, Alfredo Artigas, Franco Perazzo, Henry Jami, Juan Perez Ipina
Summary: This study examines the effect of Cr additions on the mechanical behavior of TWIP steel at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 350°C. The results indicate that different temperature-dependent strengthening mechanisms, including mechanical twinning, Dynamic Strain Aging, and slip bands, are at play. The stacking fault energy (SFE) influences the percentage of mechanical twinning, which in turn affects the strain hardening rate.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanlin Peng, Siming Huang, Ling Hu, Bingbing Luo, Liejun Li, Ian Baker
Summary: This study explores the weldability, microstructures, and mechanical properties of two L1(2)-nanoparticle-strengthened medium-entropy alloys after electron beam welding (EBW). The results show that strong yet ductile defect-free joints were produced, with larger grain sizes in the fusion zones compared to the heat-affected zones and base materials. Both EBWed MEAs exhibited high yield strengths, high ultimate tensile strengths, and good fracture strains at 77 K. The V-doping improved the cryogenic mechanical properties of the TMT MEA.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxin Wang, Lei Chen, Lizi Shao, Shuo Hao, Motomichi Koyama, Xingzhou Cai, Xiaocong Ma, Miao Jin
Summary: This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of an Mn-N bearing lean duplex stainless steel with metastable austenite. The results showed that the strain rate had significant influence on the work hardening, strain-induced martensitic transformation, and fracture mechanism.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jong Woo Won, Seulbi Lee, Hye-Jeong Choe, Yong-Taek Hyun, Dong Won Lee, Jeong Hun Lee
Summary: Cold-rolled pure titanium showed improved sheet formability after undergoing cryogenic-deformation treatment. This treatment increased the thinning capability of the titanium and suppressed cracking during sheet forming. The formation of twins during deformation contributed to high thinning capability and increased strength through grain refinement and dislocation accumulation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Handong Li, Lin Su, Lijuan Wang, Yanbin Jiang, Jiahui Long, Gaoyong Lin, Zhu Xiao, Yanlin Jia, Zhou Li
Summary: Homogenization heat treatment is a key procedure in controlling the second phase, enhancing composition uniformity, and workability of as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy. This study found that electropulsing treatment (EPT) can significantly reduce treatment temperature and time, improve elongation and overall mechanical properties of the alloy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuxuan Wang, Juntao Zou, Lixing Sun, Yunfei Bai, Zhe Zhang, Junsheng Cheng, Lin Shi, Dazhuo Song, Yihui Jiang, Zhiwei Zhang
Summary: A novel mechanical-heat-electricity synergistic method was proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-15Sn-0.3Ti alloy by forming annealing twins (ATs). The combination method of Rotary swaging (RS) and Electric pulse treatment (EPT) successfully induced recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure, leading to a significant increase in the strength of the alloy within a short time.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiyi Ding, Jiangtao Xie, Tong Wang, Aiying Chen, Bin Gan, Jinchao Song
Summary: This study demonstrated the Ta-induced strengthening of CoCrNi-AlTi MEAs using nanoscale heterogeneous coherent precipitates. The addition of Ta and aging treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the alloy, including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Z. Y. You, Z. Y. Tang, B. Wang, H. W. Zhang, P. Li, L. Zhao, F. B. Chu, H. Ding
Summary: The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of C-doped TRIP-assisted HEA under dynamic loading conditions were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that dynamic tensile deformation led to an increase in yield strength and a decrease in ultimate tensile strength, with a trend towards increased total elongation. The primary deformation mechanisms shifted from TRIP and TWIP effects to deformation twinning and dislocations. The presence of carbides formed through C-doping hindered dislocation slip and promoted the activation of multiple twinning systems.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Qin, Feihu Chen, Junhua Hou, Wenjun Lu, Shaohua Chen, Jianjun Li
Summary: Plastic instability in strong multilayered composites is completely suppressed by architecting nanoscale BCC Nb crystalline-amorphous CuNb interfaces.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)