Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siri L. Elmegaard, Jonas Teilmann, Laia Rojano-Donate, Dennis Brennecke, Lonnie Mikkelsen, Jeppe D. Balle, Ulrich Gosewinkel, Line A. Kyhn, Pernille Tonnesen, Magnus Wahlberg, Andreas Ruser, Ursula Siebert, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: This study investigates the physiological and behavioral responses of harbor porpoises to a commercial acoustic harassment device (AHD). The results show that AHD exposure can trigger startled responses, flight responses, and cardiac responses in porpoises, potentially impacting their blood-gas management, breath-hold capability, energy balance, stress levels, and risk of by-catch.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julika Voss, Armin Rose, Vladislav Kosarev, Raul Vilela, Ilse Catharina van Opzeeland, Ansgar Diederichs
Summary: Before piling, acoustic harassment devices (AHDs) are used to drive harbor porpoises away from the area. The use of seal scarers led to unintended decreased porpoise detection rates beyond the intended distances, causing the development of new devices specifically designed for mitigation purposes. The present study monitored harbor porpoise detection rates during piling using these new devices and found a significant decrease in detection rates near the devices, indicating the displacement of the animals from a small-scale area.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Iben Stokholm, Nicole Fischer, Christine Baechlein, Alexander Postel, Anders Galatius, Line Anker Kyhn, Charlotte Bie Thostesen, Sara Persson, Ursula Siebert, Morten Tange Olsen, Paul Becher
Summary: This study investigated the presence of PhoPeV in various marine mammals in the Baltic Sea region and found that the virus has expanded its distribution from the North Sea. The results highlight the potential impact on vulnerable harbour porpoise populations in the Belt Sea and endangered Baltic Proper.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Carolyn D. Ruppel, Thomas C. Weber, Erica R. Staaterman, Stanley J. Labak, Patrick E. Hart
Summary: This study describes the quantitative factors that affect marine species in addition to received sound levels, divides marine acoustic sources into four tiers based on physical criteria, and provides evaluation methods.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter H. Dahl, Alexander MacGillivray, Roberto Racca
Summary: The vector acoustic properties of underwater noise caused by impact pile driving on steel piles were studied, including the identification of features of Mach wave radiation associated with the radial expansion of the pile. The data were obtained from a study conducted in 2005 in Puget Sound, Washington. The study provides important insights into the vector acoustic properties of impact pile driving in the water column, and demonstrates the equivalence of observations based on dynamic and kinematic components of the underwater acoustic field.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Charlotte R. Findlay, Dmitry Aleynik, Adrian Farcas, Nathan D. Merchant, Denise Risch, Ben Wilson
Summary: This study utilized acoustic modeling to investigate the impact of ADD noise on cetaceans on the west coast of Scotland, highlighting potential risks to harbour porpoises and the importance of considering unintended consequences of management interventions to reduce human-wildlife conflicts.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yaxi Peng, Antonio Jarquin Laguna, Apostolos Tsouvalas
Summary: This paper presents a multi-physics approach for modeling an air-bubble curtain system in application to offshore pile driving. The model consists of four modules to predict and assess the impact of the bubble curtain system on underwater noise. The paper also includes a parametric study and a comparison with measured data.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jingxue Lu, Hongfeng Guang, Lin Cui, Junwei Liu, Cheng Wang, Subramani Anandha Kumar
Summary: This paper presents simulations of the penetration characteristics of open-ended piles through a silt layer to a fine sand bearing stratum using static and dynamic driving methods in indoor model tests. The properties of the piles and soil during penetration are analyzed, including sinking resistance, end resistance, side friction resistance, load transfer law, and soil plug formation. The results indicate that the hammered pile has a higher load transfer rate in the stable sinking stage, while the static pressure pile has a higher influence factor rate in the sand layer. The choice of construction method depends on the soil type: static pressure method is more suitable for silty soil, while hammering method excels in fine sand formation.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. Colaco, A. M. Abouelmaty, P. Alves Costa
Summary: Impact pile driving is an interesting technique for deep foundation construction due to its practical and economical advantages. However, excessive vibrations generated can restrict its generalization, especially in residential areas. Mitigation measures, such as constructing an open trench near the impact source, can effectively reduce maximum vibration levels. Experimental test sites are presented to compare and evaluate its efficiency using a numerical prediction tool.
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gordon D. Hastie, Paul Lepper, J. Chris McKnight, Ryan Milne, Debbie J. F. Russell, David Thompson
Summary: The study aims to fill a knowledge gap by measuring the relative influence of perceived risk of sound and prey patch quality on decision-making and foraging success in grey seals. Results suggest that foraging context is important in interpreting avoidance behavior and predicting the effects of anthropogenic activities. Future studies should consider foraging context and other contextual factors such as behavioral state and habitat quality.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Jinzhong Dou, Jinjian Chen, Zhong-Jie Zhang
Summary: This article investigates the soil response and buried pipe deformation during pile driving in a near-shore submarine environment by using 3D numerical models that consider the pore water effect. The study includes two series focusing on the effect of minimum plane distance of the pile-pipe and the effect of pile spacing.
MARINE GEORESOURCES & GEOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Dimitar Popov, Galina D. Meshkova, Polina D. Hristova, Antonia N. Miteva, Teodora A. Ilieva, Hristo A. Dimitrov
Summary: The study revealed that in the Marine Protected Area Ropotamo in the Black Sea, the harbour porpoise was the most commonly sighted species among cetaceans, with a relatively high abundance, highlighting the importance of the protection area for Black Sea cetaceans.
ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexander N. Rutenko, Mikhail M. Zykov, Vladimir A. Gritsenko, Mikhail Yu Fershalov, Michael R. Jenkerson, Denis S. Manulchev, Roberto Racca, Vladimir E. Nechayuk
Summary: During the summer of 2015, four 4D seismic surveys were conducted near the feeding grounds of the Korean-Okhotsk gray whale population. Acoustic metrics were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of the seismic sources and their impact on gray whale behavior and distribution.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Isabai Bekbasarov, Nurzhan Shanshabayev
Summary: This study presents the field tests of large-scale models of driven tapered prismatic and prismatic piles for driving static vertical and horizontal loads. The results indicate that tapered-prismatic piles have both larger and lower energy consumption compared to conventional prismatic and pyramidal piles during driving, as well as higher bearing capacity under vertical and horizontal loads. The study also proposes equations for determining the bearing capacity of tapered-prismatic piles.
ACTA MONTANISTICA SLOVACA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Markus Vetemaa, Ulvi Paadam, Arne Fjalling, Mehis Rohtla, Roland Svirgsden, Imre Taal, Aare Verliin, Redik Eschbaum, Lauri Saks
Summary: In recent years, the number of grey seals in the Baltic Sea has increased significantly, causing serious losses to Estonian coastal fishermen. Through the use of Acoustic Harassment Devices, the damage caused by seals to fisheries has been successfully reduced.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Peter A. Thompson, Jacob Carstensen
Summary: Environmental changes caused by humans are pressuring the biosphere, particularly with limited monitoring and understanding of ocean ecosystems. This ignorance hampers reliable conclusions about the global ecological status and delays responses. These changes also disrupt the harvest of food resources and other ecosystem services vital to human well-being. Despite progress in designing a global monitoring program, there are significant gaps, hurdles, and challenges to overcome.
JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Mats Amundin, Julia Carlstrom, Len Thomas, Ida Carlen, Jonas Teilmann, Jakob Tougaard, Olli Loisa, Line A. Kyhn, Signe Sveegaard, M. Louise Burt, Iwona Pawliczka, Radomil Koza, Bartlomiej Arciszewski, Anders Galatius, Jussi Laaksonlaita, Jamie MacAuley, Andrew J. Wright, Anja Gallus, Michael Dahne, Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez, Harald Benke, Jens Koblitz, Nick Tregenza, Daniel Wennerberg, Katharina Brundiers, Monika Kosecka, Cinthia Tiberi Ljungqvist, Ivar Jussi, Martin Jabbusch, Sami Lyytinen, Aleksej Saskov, Penina Blankett
Summary: Knowing the abundance of a population is crucial for assessing its conservation status and developing effective conservation plans. This study estimated the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time through passive acoustic monitoring and found that it is critically endangered. Immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation are urgently needed.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Ronald A. Kastelein, Christ A. F. de Jong, Jakob Tougaard, Lean Helder-Hoek, Linde N. Defillet
Summary: The broadband underwater sounds produced during offshore pile driving have impacts on the auditory and behavioral responses of harbor porpoises. Research shows that harbor porpoises respond most strongly to the higher frequencies in piling sounds. Therefore, frequency weighting of the sound exposure level (SEL) is important for predicting behavioral responses. Mitigation measures should focus on reducing the high-frequency part of piling sounds to alleviate their effects on harbor porpoise behavior.
Article
Acoustics
Jakob Tougaard, Kristian Beedholm, Peter T. Madsen
Summary: This article reviews the evidence available after 2015 regarding the criteria for noise-induced hearing loss in marine mammals. It analyzes the thresholds for impulsive sounds and non-impulsive sounds in two functional hearing groups. The current thresholds have strong support for certain cetaceans and seals, but discrepancies exist in other frequency ranges, calling for further studies.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Bergler, Simeon Q. Smeele, Stephen A. Tyndel, Alexander Barnhill, Sara T. Ortiz, Ammie K. Kalan, Rachael Xi Cheng, Signe Brinklov, Anna N. Osiecka, Jakob Tougaard, Freja Jakobsen, Magnus Wahlberg, Elmar Noeth, Andreas Maier, Barbara C. Klump
Summary: Bioacoustic research often relies on manual identification of target species or call types, which is time-consuming and error-prone. This study presents an open-source deep learning framework, ANIMAL-SPOT, which achieves high accuracy in identifying bioacoustic signals without requiring animal-specific machine learning approaches. The framework is accessible to a broad audience and does not rely on expert knowledge or special computing resources.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Cormac G. Booth, Marie Guilpin, Aimee-Kate Darias-O'Hara, Janneke M. Ransijn, Megan Ryder, Dave Rosen, Enrico Pirotta, Sophie Smout, Elizabeth A. McHuron, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Daniel P. Costa
Summary: Understanding energy balance requires robust estimation of energy intake, and bioenergetics provides a key tool for this investigation. The study reviews the mechanisms that affect energy intake and the processes from ingested energy to net utilizable energy. Existing datasets are summarized, and important research gaps are highlighted to advance the field for effective conservation and management.
CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Emilie Nicoline Stepien, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Kirstin Anderson Hansen, Jakob Hojer Kristensen, Marie-Anne Blanchet, Sabrina Brando, Genevieve Desportes, Christina Lockyer, Lauro Marcenaro, Paulien Bunskoek, Jose Kemper, Ursula Siebert, Morten Tange Olsen, Magnus Wahlberg
Summary: Longitudinal data on individual growth and seasonal changes in body mass, girth, and blubber thickness are rare for cetaceans, but can provide valuable information on population composition and individual nutritional condition.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Jenny A. Huggett, Margaux Noyon, Jacob Carstensen, David R. Walker
Summary: Copepods dominate the zooplankton community on the Agulhas Bank and provide an important food resource for pelagic fish. Previous studies have focused on one dominant copepod species, Calanus agulhensis, but little is known about other copepod taxa on the bank. In this study, the spatio-temporal variability of copepod biomass and species composition on the Agulhas Bank over a 24-year period was analyzed. Results showed that the copepod community has changed over time, with a significant decline in copepod biomass. The decline is likely influenced by top-down predation pressure from pelagic fish.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte R. Findlay, Laia Rojano-Donate, Jakob Tougaard, Mark P. Johnson, Peter Teglberg Madsen
Summary: Global reductions in underwater radiated noise levels from cargo vessels are necessary to mitigate the accumulative impacts on marine wildlife. By utilizing a vessel exposure simulation model, we demonstrate that reducing vessel source levels through slowdowns and technological modifications can significantly decrease the area exposed to ship noise. Furthermore, despite the longer duration it takes for a slower vessel to pass an animal, slowdowns effectively mitigate all impacts to marine mammals. Hence, we suggest implementing speed reductions as an immediate solution to reduce cumulative noise impacts, which can be scalable from local areas to global ocean basins. Additionally, routing vessels away from critical habitats and employing technological modifications to minimize vessel noise can further supplement these efforts.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jesper H. Andersen, Zyad Al-Hamdani, Jacob Carstensen, Karen Edelvang, Josefine Egekvist, Berit C. Kaae, Kathrine J. Hammer, Eva Therese Harvey, Jorgen O. Leth, Will Mcclintock, Ciaran Murray, Anton S. Olafsson, Jeppe Olsen, Signe Sveegaard, Jakob Tougaard
Summary: This study reports the potential consequences of implementing the EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD) in Danish waters. A comprehensive framework was used to analyze the effects on ecosystem components, including human stressors and the distribution of various ecosystem entities. The results show that increased human stressors are likely to worsen the environmental and ecological status, conflicting with the objectives of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The implementation of the MSPD may not promote Blue Growth in Danish marine waters as claimed.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Signe Hogslund, Henrik Fossing, Jacob Carstensen
Summary: Microphytobenthos (MPB) play a significant role in controlling nutrient fluxes in shallow coastal systems. They can intercept fluxes of ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved silica, both under light and dark conditions. However, phosphate fluxes are only intercepted in light. The impact of MPB on nutrient fluxes varies seasonally, with a larger impact in spring. The relative impact depends on the magnitude of the base fluxes, and it increases with light availability at the seafloor.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jacob Carstensen, Ciaran Murray, Mats Lindegarth
Summary: Ecosystem responses to human pressures are complex, prompting the development of a method that integrates information from multiple indicators for environmental management. This method utilizes a standardized scale and a hierarchical integration scheme to assess ecological status and identify specific pressures. An online tool has been developed to ensure consistency and transparency in the calculations. The approach is versatile and applicable to different countries and policies that require integrated assessment.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Xiuqing Hao, Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
Summary: Danish coastal waters, known for recreational boating and harbour porpoises, lack data on boat speeds and distributions, making it difficult to assess the impact of boat noise on the porpoises. Researchers used coastal observations and satellite images to determine the relationship between boat speed and size/type and the spatial distribution of small boats. Results showed that boat speed varied among marinas and motorboats were the dominant type, with the probability of observing boats decreasing with distance from the shore. This study highlights the importance of combining observation and satellite data in assessing the impact of boats on wildlife.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Karol Kulinski, Gregor Rehder, Eero Asmala, Alena Bartosova, Jacob Carstensen, Bo Gustafsson, Per O. J. Hall, Christoph Humborg, Tom Jilbert, Klaus Juergens, H. E. Markus Meier, Barbel Muller-Karulis, Michael Naumann, Jorgen E. Olesen, Oleg Savchuk, Andreas Schramm, Caroline P. Slomp, Mikhail Sofiev, Anna Sobek, Beata Szymczycha, Emma Undeman
Summary: This paper reviews the biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea and its impact on the ecological status. The Baltic Sea has undergone significant changes in recent decades, and the reduction in nutrient loads has not yet resulted in improved oxygen availability due to the low burial efficiency of phosphorus. The assessment also highlights the knowledge gaps and future research needs in marine biogeochemistry in the Baltic Sea.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
H. E. Markus Meier, Madline Kniebusch, Christian Dieterich, Matthias Groeger, Eduardo Zorita, Ragnar Elmgren, Kai Myrberg, Markus P. Ahola, Alena Bartosova, Erik Bonsdorff, Florian Boergel, Rene Capell, Ida Carlen, Thomas Carlund, Jacob Carstensen, Ole B. Christensen, Volker Dierschke, Claudia Frauen, Morten Frederiksen, Elie Gaget, Anders Galatius, Jari J. Haapala, Antti Halkka, Gustaf Hugelius, Birgit Huenicke, Jaak Jaagus, Mart Jussi, Jukka Kayhko, Nina Kirchner, Erik Kjellstrom, Karol Kulinski, Andreas Lehmann, Goran Lindstrom, Wilhelm May, Paul A. Miller, Volker Mohrholz, Barbel Muller-Karulis, Diego Pavon-Jordan, Markus Quante, Marcus Reckermann, Anna Rutgersson, Oleg P. Savchuk, Martin Stendel, Laura Tuomi, Markku Viitasalo, Ralf Weisse, Wenyan Zhang
Summary: This study summarises and assesses the effects of global warming on past and future climate changes in the Baltic Sea region based on recent assessment reports and literature. While the main conclusions from earlier assessments still remain valid, new observational records and improved models have provided a better understanding of changes in certain variables and the influence of natural variability. However, challenges remain in attributing observed changes in marine ecosystems to climate change and reconciling differences in cloudiness trends between global and regional models.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2022)
