期刊
MARINE DRUGS
卷 15, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/md15040089
关键词
chitosan; acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides; neuronal disorder; neuroprotection; molecular mechanism
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31500646, 81302811, 81672585]
- NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund [U1406402]
- Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province [BS2015YY040]
- Qingdao science and technology development project [15-9-1-67-JCH]
- Development Plan of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology of Shandong Province [2015-183]
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and is mainly comprised of a marine invertebrate, consisting of repeating beta-1,4 linked N-acetylated glucosamine units, whereas its N-deacetylated product, chitosan, has broad medical applications. Interestingly, chitosan oligosaccharides have therapeutic effects on different types of neuronal disorders, including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and nerve crush injury. A common link among neuronal disorders is observed at a sub-cellular level, such as atypical protein assemblies and induced neuronal death. Chronic activation of innate immune responses that lead to neuronal injury is also common in these diseases. Thus, the common mechanisms of neuronal disorders might explain the general therapeutic effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives in these diseases. This review provides an update on the pathogenesis and therapy for neuronal disorders and will be mainly focused on the recent progress made towards the neuroprotective properties of chitosan and acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides. Their structural features and the underlying molecular mechanisms will also be discussed.
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