Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yueh-Lin Wu, Hsiao-Fen Li, Hsi-Hsien Chen, Heng Lin
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of stable genome transcripts that play important roles in regulating transcription and translation processes, and their dysregulation can lead to metabolic disorders. They also have the potential to serve as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, Teresa C. Delgado, Naiara Beraza
Summary: NAFLD is the most common form of chronic liver disease, with NASH representing an advanced stage. NK cells play a key role in supporting hepatic inflammation in NASH, with research showing differential functions in different environments. Therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of NK cells show potential in managing NASH progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Ju Youn Kim, Feng He, Michael Karin
Summary: NASH and HCC, two liver diseases related to obesity, are influenced by cholesterol and metabolic regulators in their development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rownock Afruza, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Vijay Hegde
Summary: This study investigated the effects of E4orf1 expression induced by doxycycline in adipose tissue and dietary fat restriction on hepatic steatosis and its progression in mice. The results showed that E4 expression prevented the development of fatty liver, while diet reversal maintained liver health but did not improve molecular changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ozlem Kucukoglu, Jan-Peter Sowa, Guillermo Daniel Mazzolini, Wing-Kin Syn, Ali Canbay
Summary: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in industrialised societies, likely due to the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome. Research has focused on identifying risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC and exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Liver-derived factors such as hepatokines and adipokines may serve as potential markers for disease progression or therapeutic targets in NAFLD-related HCC.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: There are significant management gaps between clinical guidelines and practice in patients with NAFLD and NASH, and there is no single global guiding strategy for their management. An international conference convened experts in gastroenterology, hepatology, endocrinology, and primary care providers to discuss promising approaches for clinical practice and prepare a comprehensive, unified strategy for the care of NAFLD/NASH patients. Participants also identified specific high-yield targets for clinical research and called for a unified, international public health response to NAFLD and NASH.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luca Valenti, Federica Pedica, Massimo Colombo
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing globally, with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) being a major contributing factor. NAFLD-related HCC has a higher incidence rate in the Far East, associated with the obesity and diabetes epidemic. NAFLD-HCC is frequently associated with cardiovascular comorbidities, absence of cirrhosis in some patients, and persistently normal transaminase values.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benjamin Riviere, Audrey Jaussent, Valerie Macioce, Stephanie Faure, Nicolas Builles, Patrick Lefebvre, Philippe Geraud, Marie-Christine Picot, Sandra Rebuffat, Eric Renard, Valerie Paradis, Marie-Dominique Servais, Nathalie de Preville, David Nocca, Anne-Dominique Lajoix, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Florence Galtier
Summary: The study suggests that the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index is associated with the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and can be used as a noninvasive tool to predict the need for liver biopsy.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gerard Baiges-Gaya, Salvador Fernandez-Arroyo, Fedra Luciano-Mateo, Noemi Cabre, Elisabet Rodriguez-Tomas, Anna Hernandez-Aguilera, Helena Castane, Marta Romeu, Maria-Rosa Nogues, Jordi Camps, Jorge Joven
Summary: The study revealed that a high-fat high-sucrose diet can lead to the development of NAFLD into NASH, with increased oxidative stress. Inhibition of hepatic autophagy and alterations in AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR activity were observed. Changes in adipose tissue dynamics and increased amounts of various fatty acids were also associated with NASH development.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Taesik Gwag, Eric Ma, Changcheng Zhou, Shuxia Wang
Summary: The study suggests that anti-CD47 antibody may serve as a new therapeutic option for obesity-associated NASH and liver fibrosis. By inhibiting liver immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and fibrosis, anti-CD47 antibody can prevent the progression of NAFLD/NASH.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Carlos J. Pirola, Silvia Sookoian
Summary: This study found that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediates the relationship between obesity and arterial hypertension.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amandeep Singh, Rajat Garg, Rocio Lopez, Naim Alkhouri
Summary: This study aims to develop a simple noninvasive fibrosis score to detect advanced fibrosis in patients with diabetes and compare its performance with other fibrosis scores.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: NAFLD and NASH are common conditions with significant management gaps, lacking a single global guiding strategy. The American Gastroenterological Association, along with professional associations, convened an international conference to develop a comprehensive, unified strategy for primary care providers and specialists, calling for a unified international public health response to NAFLD and NASH.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Somaya Albhaisi, Donna McClish, Le Kang, Tamas Gal, Arun J. Sanyal
Summary: In this study, individuals with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were compared to assess the incidence and spectrum of cancers (extrahepatic and liver) and determine if NAFLD increases the risk of extrahepatic cancers. The results showed that the overall extrahepatic cancer risk in NAFLD is not increased above and beyond the risk from background risk factors such as age, race, sex, BMI, and type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lydie Carreres, Zuzana Macek Jilkova, Guillaume Vial, Patrice N. Marche, Thomas Decaens, Herve Lerat
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and research is focusing on decoding the molecular mechanisms behind it to identify new therapeutic targets. Reliable, simple, and reproducible tools are necessary for investigating these pathways, with animal models such as diet-induced NAFLD and NASH being developed to mimic the human disease. Rat models, specifically the dietary model of NAFLD and NASH, are being used to study different dietary compositions and their effects on liver pathogenesis.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Adam J. Santanasto, Joseph M. Zmuda, Ryan K. Cvejkus, Christopher L. Gordon, Sangeeta Nair, J. Jeffrey Carr, James G. Terry, Victor W. Wheeler, Iva Miljkovic
Summary: This study examined the association between myosteatosis and physical function in African Caribbean men. The results showed that myosteatosis in the calf and thigh was strongly associated with grip strength and performance measures of physical function, while myosteatosis in the abdomen may have some utility when abdominal images are all that are available.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Seren M. Gedallovich, John Stephen, Raymond Kang, Ronald T. Ackermann, Daniela P. Ladner, Lisa B. VanWagner
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yingnan Song, Ammar Hoori, Hao Wu, Mani Vembar, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Leslie Ciancibello, James G. Terry, David R. R. Jacobs Jr, John Jeffrey Carr, David L. Wilson
Summary: Our goal is to improve CT calcium scores by extracting quantitative features from individual calcifications. We performed deconvolution to improve the bias/reproducibility of small calcification assessments, which can be degraded at the normal CT calcium score image resolution.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthew J. O'Brien, Yan Zhang, Stacy C. Bailey, Sadiya S. Khan, Ronald T. Ackermann, Mohammed K. Ali, Stephen R. Benoit, Giuseppina Imperatore, Christopher S. Holliday, Kai McKeever Bullard
Summary: In 2021, the USPSTF recommended prediabetes and diabetes screening for asymptomatic adults aged 35-70 years with overweight/obesity. The study found that the 2021 criteria had higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared to the 2015 criteria, and screening all adults aged 35-70 years regardless of BMI had the most equitable performance across racial and ethnic groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael C. Wang, Lucia C. Petito, Lindsay R. Pool, Kathryn Foti, Stephen P. Juraschek, John W. Mcevoy, Vijay Nambi, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Erin D. Michos, Sadiya S. Khan
Summary: According to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline, there were small decreases in systolic blood pressure and increases in antihypertensive therapy among older adults reclassified to Stage 2 hypertension, but no significant changes in systolic blood pressure among those reclassified to Stage 1 hypertension.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sadiya S. Khan, Natalie A. Cameron, Kathryn J. Lindley
Summary: Pregnancy can lead to cardiovascular and metabolic complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease. The peripartum period is an important time to measure, monitor, and modify cardiovascular health. However, it is unclear whether adverse pregnancy outcomes are a latent risk for cardiovascular disease or an independent risk factor. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking cardiovascular health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cardiovascular disease.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Natalie A. Cameron, Ian K. Everitt, Kristen A. Lee, Lynn M. Yee, Sadiya S. Khan
Summary: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the US, and its prevalence during pregnancy has almost doubled in the past decade. High blood pressure during pregnancy is concerning due to increased risks of maternal and fetal complications and long-term cardiovascular risks. Identifying chronic hypertension during pregnancy can provide insights into cardiovascular disease risk and offer opportunities for risk reduction. Equitable healthcare interventions during the peripartum period can have a significant impact on preventing chronic hypertension and reducing lifetime cardiovascular disease risk.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Helen Tang, Christopher Shi, Sara Chapin, Sarjukumar Panchal, Xiaoling Yu, Lisa B. B. VanWagner, Marina Serper, Nadim Mahmud
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tara Lagu, Samantha L. Schroth, Carol Haywood, Allen Heinemann, Allison Kessler, Leslie Morse, Sadiya S. Khan, Kiarri N. Kershaw, Mark S. Nash
Summary: Over 16,000 Americans experience spinal cord injury (SCI) annually, leading to chronic disability and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. SCI patients have a higher burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and encounter numerous barriers to care due to disability and socioeconomic inequities. It is crucial for primary care physicians and cardiologists to be aware of the importance of timely diagnosis and management of cardiac risk factors in SCI patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sadiya S. Khan, Lucia C. Petito, Xiaoning Huang, Katharine Harrington, Rebecca B. McNeil, Natalie A. Bello, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Eliza C. Miller, Rupa Ravi, Christina Scifres, Janet M. Catov, Victoria L. Pemberton, Jasmina Varagic, Phyllis C. Zee, Lynn M. Yee, Mitali Ray, Jin Kyung Kim, Abbi D. Lane-Cordova, Jennifer Lewey, Lauren H. Theilen, George R. Saade, Philip Greenland, William A. Grobman
Summary: This study found a significant association between early pregnancy obesity and postpartum hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes risk. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were related to increased incidence of postpartum hypertension and hyperlipidemia. However, these adverse pregnancy outcomes only partially mediated the association between early pregnancy obesity and postpartum hypertension.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sadiya S. Khan, Sanjiv J. Shah
JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Neal S. Parikh, Elora Basu, Mu Ji Hwang, Russel Rosenblatt, Lisa B. Vanwagner, Hana I. Lim, Santosh B. Murthy, Hooman Kamel
Summary: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a prevalent condition that includes subclinical liver disease which may have an impact on stroke risk, mechanisms, and outcomes. However, there is limited synthesis of data and guidance on the relationship between CLD and stroke. Therefore, a multidisciplinary review is necessary to evaluate the correlation between CLD and stroke and provide treatment considerations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel J. Mcdonough, Mahesh Mathew, Zachary C. Pope, Pamela J. Schreiner, David R. Jacobs Jr, Lisa B. Vanwagner, John Jeffrey Carr, James G. Terry, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Jared P. Reis, Mark A. Pereira
Summary: This study examined the association between lifestyle factors and NAFLD and found that regular moderate-vigorous aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, along with reduced television viewing time, significantly reduce the risk of NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sadiya S. Khan, Josef Coresh, Michael J. Pencina, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Janani Rangaswami, Sheryl L. Chow, Latha P. Palaniappan, Laurence S. Sperling, Salim S. Virani, Jennifer E. Ho, Ian J. Neeland, Katherine R. Tuttle, Radhika Rajgopal Singh, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Summary: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a novel concept defined by the American Heart Association, and there is a need to refine risk assessment strategies. The newly developed PREVENT equations are sex-specific and race-free risk prediction equations that estimate 10- and 30-year risk for total cardiovascular disease. These equations also consider clinical indicators and social determinants of health to enhance predictive utility.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rupal Mehta, Petra Buzkova, Harnish Patel, Jeanette Cheng, Jorge R. Kizer, John S. Gottdiener, Bruce Psaty, Sadiya S. Khan, Joachim H. Ix, Tamara Isakova, Michael G. Shlipak, Nisha Bansal, Sanjiv J. Shah
Summary: This study found that subclinical myocardial dysfunction, detected by speckle-tracking echocardiography, is independently associated with decline in kidney function over time. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and to test whether interventions targeting subclinical myocardial dysfunction can prevent decline in kidney function.