Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasily A. Popkov, Anastasia A. Zharikova, Evgenia A. Demchenko, Nadezda V. Andrianova, Dmitry B. Zorov, Egor Y. Plotnikov
Summary: This study presents a novel bioinformatics approach to identify the origin of uremic retention solutes and uremic toxins, particularly those produced by gut microbiota. The research utilizes database analysis and enzymatic reaction data to determine the potential toxins synthesized by bacteria residing in the human gut. The findings reveal the link between toxin concentration in uremia and the proportion of different bacterial species that can produce the toxin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Griet Glorieux, Sanjay K. Nigam, Raymond Vanholder, Francis Verbeke
Summary: Homeostasis is crucial for maintaining health, especially in the context of the gut microbiota. The communication and exchange of metabolites, signaling molecules, and toxins between different organs and organisms play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in the gut microbiota can lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, impacting the cardiovascular system and contributing to kidney dysfunction. Preserving gut homeostasis and barrier functions can potentially improve patient outcomes and quality of life in diseases such as cardiovascular and kidney disease.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Lama Nazzal, Leland Soiefer, Michelle Chang, Farah Tamizuddin, Daria Schatoff, Lucas Cofer, Maria E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Albert Matalon, Bjorn Meijers, Robert Holzman, Jerome Lowenstein
Summary: The study demonstrated that suppressing the microbiome with vancomycin led to changes in multiple gut-derived uremic solutes, but the recovery of solutes varied significantly among subjects.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Ying Xu, Wen-Di Bi, Yu-Xuan Shi, Xin-Rui Liang, Hai-Yan Wang, Xue-Li Lai, Xiao-Lu Bian, Zhi-Yong Guo
Summary: Uremic toxins are chemicals that accumulate in the body fluids of individuals with kidney disease and impaired renal function. There are over 130 types of uremic toxins, and efforts are being made to increase this number. Despite emerging approaches to remove these toxins, there are still some harmful toxins that prove to be difficult to eliminate. This article reviews the derivation and elimination of uremic toxins, discusses the function of the kidney-gut axis and methods for toxin removal, as well as introduces promising approaches to effectively remove these toxins.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zarina Ebrahim, Sebastian Proost, Raul Yhossef Tito, Jeroen Raes, Griet Glorieux, Mohammed Rafique Moosa, Renee Blaauw
Summary: There is growing evidence that gut dysbiosis contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease. This study found that ss-glucan prebiotic has a positive effect on kidney function, uremic toxins, and the gut microbiome in CKD participants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barbara Lisowska-Myjak, Hanna Zborowska, Radoslaw Jazwiec, Maria Karlinska, Ewa Skarzynska
Summary: The study found that the variability of the serum IS/AGP ratio during pregnancy and in the postpartum period may reflect shared involvement in the regulation of their intravascular relationships. This suggests that serum levels of IS and AGP could serve as potential biomarkers of maternal intestinal metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Solene M. Laville, Ziad A. Massy, Said Kamel, Jean Marc Chillon, Gabriel Choukroun, Sophie Liabeuf
Summary: Chronic kidney disease is associated with high comorbidity burden, polymedication, and high mortality. Uremic toxins are valuable therapeutic targets, with intestinal chelators potentially having a therapeutic effect. Phosphate binders and AST-120 are used to reduce levels of uremic toxins.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yueming Li, Minhui Dai, Jianqin Yan, Fang Liu, Xi Wang, Lizhen Lin, Mei Huang, Cuifang Li, Rui Wen, Jiao Qin, Hui Xu
Summary: The study found that colonic dialysis may protect renal function in CKD patients by regulating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and the richness of gut microbiota in patients receiving colonic dialysis is similar to that in healthy subjects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Day, Justin O'Sullivan, Chris Pook
Summary: This article reviews the role of gut-microbiome-derived metabolites, such as 4-Ethylphenol (4EP), in modulating neurological health and function. It discusses the mechanisms of how these metabolites enter the host circulation, their transportation in the body, metabolism, and excretion, and their effects on anxiety in autistic individuals. It also highlights the importance of addressing increased intestinal permeability and kidney dysfunction in reducing the neurological impacts of 4EP.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jacek Rysz, Beata Franczyk, Janusz Lawinski, Robert Olszewski, Aleksanda Cialkowska-Rysz, Anna Gluba-Brzozka
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that the progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease is closely related to the accumulation of toxic metabolites in blood and other metabolic compartments. This accumulation is believed to be due to increased generation of toxins from dysbiotic microbiome and reduced elimination by impaired kidneys. Intestinal microbiota play a crucial role in the accumulation of uremic toxins, with disease states like CKD associated with dysbiosis and altered gut microbial community composition and functions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeo Koshida, Tomohito Gohda, Takuya Sugimoto, Takashi Asahara, Rin Asao, Isao Ohsawa, Hiromichi Gotoh, Maki Murakoshi, Yusuke Suzuki, Yuichiro Yamashiro
Summary: The composition of the gut microbiome differs between patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and those with normal renal function (NRF). This difference is associated with altered levels of stool organic acids, systemic inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs). Furthermore, the levels of UTs, inflammatory markers, and stool organic acids differ significantly between patients with NRF and those undergoing HD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen S. Coutinho-Wolino, Manuela F. S. Melo, Jessica C. Mota, Denise Mafra, Jonas T. Guimaraes, Milena B. Stockler-Pinto
Summary: Gut dysbiosis, a common condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, can lead to uremic toxin production, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Consuming berry fruits, rich in polyphenols and nutrients, has shown promise in positively influencing the gut microbiota and improving clinical outcomes in CKD. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and determine the optimal amount of berries for these effects. Clinical studies are encouraged to further evaluate the potential benefits of berry fruits in CKD patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Milos Mitrovic, Verica Stankovic-Popovic, Maja Tolinacki, Natasa Golic, Svetlana Sokovic Bajic, Katarina Veljovic, Branislav Nastasijevic, Ivan Soldatovic, Petar Svorcan, Nada Dimkovic
Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of altering dysbiotic gut flora through synbiotic supplementation in reducing gut-derived uremic toxins and inflammation. The results showed that synbiotic treatment significantly modified the gut microbiome, reduced serum levels of indoxyl sulfate, improved estimated glomerular filtration rate, and decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in treated patients. The treatment was found to be safe and effective.
JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gianvito Caggiano, Loredana Amodio, Alessandra Stasi, Nicola Antonio Colabufo, Santina Colangiulo, Francesco Pesce, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: In recent years, indoxyl sulfate has been found to play a significant role in the progression of kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular problems. However, current methods for measuring indoxyl sulfate levels, such as LC-MS/MS, are time-consuming and require specialized equipment. In this pilot study, we developed a fast and simple alternative method using colorimetric assay to accurately measure indoxyl sulfate levels in serum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Chongyu Zhang, Chen Zhang, Yunpeng Wang, Meiyu Du, Guiguo Zhang, Yunkyoung Lee
Summary: This study found that feeding high-energy diets to donkeys resulted in higher average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to low-energy diets. Regardless of the energy level, the gut microbiota in both groups was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Feeding high-energy diets led to a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
