Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuchong Wang, Xujun Zhang, Kefan Bi, Hongyan Diao
Summary: MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating virus replication and host antiviral response during H1N1 infection, with some defending against the virus and others promoting viral replication. They are involved in host-viral interactions and have versatile functions in this process.
Review
Immunology
Claudia Maria Trombetta, Otfried Kistner, Emanuele Montomoli, Simonetta Viviani, Serena Marchi
Summary: Influenza is a vaccine preventable disease and vaccination is the most effective method of controlling the morbidity and mortality of seasonal influenza, especially among risk groups. The effectiveness of current influenza vaccines is suboptimal, but they are still effective against morbidity and mortality in all age and risk groups, particularly in young children and older adults.
Review
Immunology
SangJoon Lee, Jin-Hyeob Ryu
Summary: The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against influenza viruses, and mRNA vaccines are being explored as a promising alternative to traditional approaches due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, rapid development capabilities, and high efficacy. This review provides insights into the innate immune response to mRNA vaccination, as well as discusses the future directions and challenges in advancing this promising therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyesun Jang, Ted M. Ross
Summary: The study found that the humoral response to trivalent seasonal influenza virus vaccines was influenced by rapid antigenic switching of H1 HA. While successful induction of antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components was observed, a strong immune response against CA/09 H1N1 influenza virus negatively influenced the induction of novel humoral responses to other vaccine strains.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Li, Hongnuan Wang, Shijun J. Zheng
Summary: Influenza virus and coronavirus are important respiratory viruses that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Understanding the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is crucial for effective control strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Joao I. B. Goncalves, Thiago J. Borges, Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
Summary: This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota in respiratory viral infection and vaccine-induced immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate immune responses to respiratory viruses and interfere with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition may improve vaccine efficacy, and the use of prebiotics and probiotics as adjuvants has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Rina Fajri Nuwarda, Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi, Veysel Kayser
Summary: Influenza is a major public health concern, and vaccines are an effective method for prevention and control. New vaccine platforms and advancements in vaccine manufacturing processes are being explored to improve effectiveness and stability.
Review
Virology
Fatai S. Oladunni, Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Thomas M. Chambers
Summary: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a constantly evolving viral pathogen responsible for yearly outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses. The virus can evade host protective immunity, making it a successful pathogen. Despite vaccination, the protective effects decay over time, allowing for continued transmission.
Review
Plant Sciences
Adeeb Rahman, Kumari Veena Sinha, Sudhir K. Sopory, Neeti Sanan-Mishra
Summary: Environmental factors play a significant role in controlling growth, development, and defense responses of plants. Viral invasion triggers RNA silencing in plants, but viruses have developed mechanisms to suppress this defense and modulate host plant response to environmental cues. Plant-virus interactions provide insight into the crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stresses, with RNA silencing overlapping with innate immune responses during antiviral defense.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaohui Wang, Xiang Lin, Zihan Zheng, Bingtai Lu, Jun Wang, Andy Hee-Meng Tan, Meng Zhao, Jia Tong Loh, Sze Wai Ng, Qian Chen, Fan Xiao, Enyu Huang, King-Hung Ko, Zhong Huang, Jingyi Li, Kin-Hang Kok, Gen Lu, Xiaohui Liu, Kong-Peng Lam, Wanli Liu, Yuxia Zhang, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Tak Wah Mak, Liwei Lu
Summary: Innate immunity plays a crucial role in defending against viral infections. This study demonstrates that endogenous lipids released from virus-infected host cells activate lung gamma delta T cells to produce IL-17A for early protection against H1N1 influenza infection. The interaction between host cells, B-1a cells, and gamma delta T cells defines important cellular and molecular mediators for early defense against lung viral infections.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Keon-Woong Yoon, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Min-Ju Kim, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan
Summary: Research suggests that avian influenza VLP vaccines expressing multiple neuraminidases can provide both homologous and heterosubtypic protection against different subtypes, offering a promising approach for developing a universal influenza A vaccine against avian and human influenza virus infections.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beryl Mazel-Sanchez, Justyna Iwaszkiewicz, Joao P. P. Bonifacio, Filo Silva, Chengyue Niu, Shirin Strohmeier, Davide Eletto, Florian Krammer, Gene Tan, Vincent Zoete, Benjamin G. Hale, Mirco Schmolke
Summary: The excessive production of viral glycoproteins during infections can put a significant stress on the host cell's endoplasmic reticulum protein folding machinery. However, viruses have developed mechanisms to optimize this stress for their own replication by balancing folding capacity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna Parys, Elien Vandoorn, Koen Chiers, Kristien Van Reeth
Summary: In this study, the efficacy of alternating different commercial swine influenza A virus (swIAV) vaccines was examined, and it was found that heterologous prime-boost vaccination resulted in broader antibody responses and protection compared to homologous prime-boost vaccination. The order in which the vaccines were administered also had an impact on the breadth of the antibody response and protection.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tim K. Tsang, Can Wang, Nicole N. Y. Tsang, Vicky J. J. Fang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, J. S. Malik Peiris, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling, Dennis K. M. Ip
Summary: In randomized controlled trials, the relationship between vaccine response and host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 23 candidate genes was explored in 550 children who received trivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine, with adjustment for multiple testing. The GT genotype in TLR7-1817G/T (rs5741880) was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.53) of having post-vaccination hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) titers ≥ 40, compared to the GG and TT genotypes. Similarly, the GT genotype in TLR8-129G/C (rs3764879) was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.80) of having post-vaccination HAI titers ≥ 40, compared to the GG and AA genotypes. These findings may contribute to the development of more effective vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David F. Zeigler, Emily Gage, Christopher H. Clegg
Summary: The study introduced a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform for building broadly protective influenza vaccines targeting conserved epitopes, providing long-lasting immunity. Novel epitopes with higher protective potential were identified using protein sequence and structural information in combination, leading to improved antibody responses.
Article
Microbiology
Maria M. Lorenzo, Aitor Nogales, Kevin Chiem, Rafael Blasco, Luis Martinez-Sobrido
Summary: This study demonstrates that poxviruses can be effectively attenuated by synonymous codon deoptimization, providing a new approach for the development of attenuated vaccines for the treatment of poxvirus infection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Laura Villamayor, Vanessa Rivero, Dario Lopez-Garcia, David J. Topham, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Aitor Nogales, Marta L. DeDiego
Summary: Interferons, IFN-stimulated genes, and inflammatory cytokines are involved in innate immune responses. Knocking-down or knocking-out the expression of IFN alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) enhances the expression of IFNs, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines after viral infections or poly(I:C) transfection. Overexpression of IFI6 has the opposite effect. IFI6 interacts with RIG-I, affecting RIG-I activation and negatively regulating innate immunity. Targeting IFI6 may be beneficial in treating diseases with excessive innate immune responses and combating viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qixin Wang, Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar, Joseph H. Lucas, Jun-Gyu Park, Aitor Nogales, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Irfan Rahman
Summary: The molecular clock REV-ERB alpha plays a central role in regulating lung injuries and its decreased abundance exacerbates fibrotic progression. This study reveals that REV-ERB alpha interacts with the lysyl oxidase-collagen axis during fibrogenesis and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Rev-erb alpha agonist against lung fibrosis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Laura Villamayor, Dario Lopez-Garcia, Vanessa Rivero, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Aitor Nogales, Marta L. DeDiego
Summary: The recognition of viral nucleic acids by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for initiating innate immune responses against viral infections. Regulatory mechanisms are critical to avoid excessive or long-lasting innate immune responses that may cause detrimental hyperinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria M. Lorenzo, Alejandro Marin-Lopez, Kevin Chiem, Luis Jimenez-Cabello, Irfan Ullah, Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Gema Lorenzo, Sandra Moreno, Chengjin Ye, Jun-Gyu Park, Alejandro Matia, Alejandro Brun, Juana M. Sanchez-Puig, Aitor Nogales, Walther Mothes, Pradeep D. Uchil, Priti Kumar, Javier Ortego, Erol Fikrig, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Rafael Blasco
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for fast responses and reliable technologies for vaccine development. This study reports on the construction and preclinical testing of a recombinant MVA vaccine, with the MVA-Spf vaccine candidate showing higher levels of antibodies, a stronger T cell response, and a higher degree of protection.
Article
Microbiology
Michael Piepenbrink, Fatai Oladunni, Aitor Nogales, Ahmed M. Khalil, Theresa Fitzgerald, Madhubanti Basu, Christopher Fucile, David J. Topham, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Summary: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections pose a significant threat to public health due to the variable nature of the virus. This study shows that immunization with a seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) can increase the levels of antibodies against H3N2 IAV, a strain known for its genetic drift. These antibodies have broad and potent antiviral activity and can protect against various H3N2 IAV strains. They also persist in the bone marrow, indicating their potential for long-term immunity. These findings contribute to the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Chiem, Aitor Nogales, Maria Lorenzo, Desarey Morales Vasquez, Yan Xiang, Yogesh K. Gupta, Rafael Blasco, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Luis Martinez-Sobrido
Summary: Despite the eradication of smallpox, some orthopoxviruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV), remain important human pathogens. Vaccines for smallpox are effective against MPXV, but limited in access. Current antiviral treatments for MPXV are limited to two FDA-approved drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel antivirals for the treatment of MPXV and other potentially zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections. Here, we found 13 compounds that inhibit both VACV and MPXV, derived from two different libraries of compounds known to inhibit various RNA viruses.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Letter
Hematology
Michael T. Brady, Nathan Laniewski, Myla Strawderman, Charles C. Chu, Preshetha Kanagaiah, Mark Y. Sangster, David J. Topham, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Clive S. Zent
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ahmed M. Khalil, Michael S. Piepenbrink, Ian Markham, Madhubanti Basu, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Summary: IBV contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, necessitating improvements in vaccines and treatments. A specific hMAb, 1092D4, has been found to have minimal dependence on Fc-effector functions for in vivo antiviral activity.
Review
Immunology
Ahlam Alasiri, Raya Soltane, Akram Hegazy, Ahmed Magdy Khalil, Sara H. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Khalil, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Ahmed Mostafa
Summary: Despite being widespread in wild birds and domestic poultry, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses have been limited since 1996. Few countries use vaccination as a control strategy, while most rely on culling infected flocks. China and Egypt are the major sites where vaccination has been employed, particularly for clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. However, improper implementation of control strategies in Egypt has resulted in continuous outbreaks and virus evolution. Comprehensive surveillance in endemic areas is crucial to understand the public health risk of newly emerging immune-evasive or drug-resistant H5Nx variants.