Article
Immunology
Zhenling Ma, Wenwen Zhang, Wenhui Fan, Yaru Wu, Menghao Zhang, Jun Xu, Wenqing Li, Lei Sun, Wenjun Liu, Wei Liu
Summary: This study revealed the critical role of FoxO1 as a negative regulator in RIG-I-triggered signaling, influencing type I interferon production by controlling multiple pathways, thereby affecting the antiviral immune response.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Wei Liu, Zhenling Ma, Yaru Wu, Cui Yuan, Yanyan Zhang, Zeyang Liang, Yu Yang, Wenwen Zhang, Pengtao Jiao
Summary: This study reveals that MST4 acts as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) production during viral immune responses. MST4 inhibits the production of type I IFN by competing with TRAF3 for binding to MAVS, thereby preventing the TRAF3/MAVS association. Additionally, MST4 promotes the degradation of MAVS through the interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 and the subsequent K48-linked ubiquitination of MAVS.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandra Hardy, Siddharth Bakshi, Wilhelm Furnon, Oscar MacLean, Quan Gu, Margus Varjak, Mariana Varela, Muhamad Afiq Aziz, Andrew E. E. Shaw, Rute Maria Pinto, Natalia Cameron Ruiz, Catrina Mullan, Aislynn E. E. Taggart, Ana Da Silva Filipe, Richard E. E. Randall, Sam J. J. Wilson, Meredith E. E. Stewart, Massimo Palmarini
Summary: Infected hosts have two strategies to protect themselves: resistance and disease tolerance. In this study, the mechanisms of virus-host interactions related to disease tolerance were investigated using bluetongue virus (BTV) as a model. The replication of BTV was higher in sheep cells than in cattle cells, and this difference was abolished by suppressing the cell's type I interferon response. Furthermore, BTV induced a faster shutdown of host cell protein synthesis in sheep cells, leading to downregulation of antiviral proteins.
Article
Virology
Michiel van Gent, Jessica J. Chiang, Santoshi Muppala, Cindy Chiang, Walid Azab, Lisa Kattenhorn, David M. Knipe, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Michaela U. Gack
Summary: Recent studies show that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can evade the immune response by phosphorylating the cytosolic pathogen sensor RIG-I, keeping it in a signaling-repressed state.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Ji Liu, Yixuan He, Yujia Miao, Chushan Dai, Jun Yan, Meiling Liu, Jun Zou, Hao Feng
Summary: In this study, two variants of RIG-I, bcRIG-Ia and bcRIG-Ib, were identified in black carp. Over-expression of bcRIG-Ib, but not bcRIG-Ia, induced the transcription of IFN promoter and improved antiviral activity. Site mutation analysis revealed that phenylalanine (F)-28 was crucial for bcRIG-Ib oligomerization and its mediated IFN signaling.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Samiddha Banerjee, Aruna Pal, Abantika Pal, Subhas Chandra Mandal, Paresh Nath Chatterjee, Jayanta Kumar Chatterjee
Summary: The RIG-I gene plays a crucial role in parasitic immunity in infected sheep, particularly in binding with Haemonchus contortus. Studies suggest that sheep could be a valuable model organism for understanding the role of RIG-I in antiparasitic immunity in humans, based on genetic similarities with other livestock species.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tianxu Li, Yanyan Ren, Tingting Zhang, Xinyu Zhai, Xiuyuan Wang, Jinchao Wang, Bin Xing, Runchun Miao, Ning Li, Liangmeng Wei
Summary: This study investigates the regulatory role of duLGP2 in the duck RIG-I-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling system. The results demonstrate that duLGP2 can suppress duRIG-I activation and enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory networks of the antiviral innate immune system in ducks.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Yixuan He, Ji Liu, Yujia Miao, Meiling Liu, Hui Wu, Jun Xiao, Hao Feng
Summary: The study showed that LGP2 plays a positive role in regulating MDA5 and enhancing antiviral ability in black carp. It was also found that bcLGP2 interacts with bcRIG-Ib and leads to the degradation of bcRIG-Ib through ubiquitination and proteasome, thus attenuating its antiviral signaling.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xue Jiang, Yanping Xiao, Wen Hou, Jingge Yu, Tian-Sheng He, Liang-Guo Xu
Summary: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections. A study found that the RNA-binding protein ZFP36 acts as a positive regulator in antiviral innate immunity by promoting K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I. This finding improves our understanding of the activation mechanism of RIG-I.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Panpan Hou, Kongxiang Yang, Penghui Jia, Lan Liu, Yuxin Lin, Zibo Li, Jun Li, Shuliang Chen, Shuting Guo, Junyu Wu, Hong Peng, Weijie Zeng, Chunmei Li, Yingfang Liu, Deyin Guo
Summary: CCDC50 is a newly discovered autophagy receptor that negatively regulates the type I interferon signaling pathway by targeting K63-polyubiquitinated RLRs for autophagic degradation, which enhances viral resistance and survival rates in mouse models.
Review
Microbiology
Zhihua Ren, Yueru Yu, Chaoxi Chen, Dingyong Yang, Ting Ding, Ling Zhu, Junliang Deng, Zhiwen Xu
Summary: Long noncoding RNAs can regulate viral replication by modulating glycolysis and antiviral immune responses. The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis, while lactate production can impair the antiviral immune response. LncRNAs also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interfering with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lara S. U. Schwab, Rubaiyea Farrukee, Jean Francois Eleouet, Marie Anne Rameix-Welti, Sarah L. Londrigan, Andrew G. Brooks, Aeron C. Hurt, Christoph Coch, Thomas Zillinger, Gunther Hartmann, Patrick C. Reading
Summary: This study demonstrates that pretreatment of human, mouse, or ferret airway cell lines, as well as intravenous injection of mice and ferrets, with a synthetic retinoic acid-inducible gene I agonist resulted in reduced susceptibility to subsequent respiratory syncytial virus infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George D. Vavougios, Theodore Mavridis, Artemios Artemiadis, Karen A. Krogfelt, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou
Summary: Type I interferon (IFN-I) signalling is a key target for controlling viral latency and is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This mini review explores the potential of IFN-I modulation, specifically via IFNI3-1a, in the treatment of AD and COVID-19, highlighting the role of trained immunity as a pathogenic mechanism shared with MS and induced by viral infections.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomoh Matsumiya, Yuko Shiba, Jiangli Ding, Shogo Kawaguchi, Kazuhiko Seya, Tadaatsu Imaizumi
Summary: The study reveals that RIG-I and PKR have coordinated roles in inducing the expression of interferons (IFNs). PKR triggers stress granule formation through an antiviral stress response but does not sequester IFN-beta mRNA in these granules. Despite PKR-mediated translational silencing, some proteins, including IFN-beta, are still translated. This study suggests that RIG-I mainly responds to the expression of IFN-beta in cells with non-self dsRNA, and PKR negatively regulates IFN-beta protein expression induced by RIG-I signaling. This highlights the essential role of PKR in fine-tuning IFN-beta expression in RIG-I-mediated antiviral immune responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaomin Guo, Pengcheng Ma, Yuwei Li, Yanan Yang, Chaoming Wang, Tao Xu, Huishan Wang, Chaocui Li, Bingyu Mao, Xiaopeng Qi
Summary: The study demonstrated that ubiquitination of STAT1 by the E3 ligase RNF220 plays a significant role in STAT1 activation and innate immune responses. Deficiency in Rnf220 gene leads to downregulation of IFN signaling and decreased expression of ISGs, making RNF220 a potential therapeutic target against bacterial and viral infection and inflammatory diseases.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Surendra Sharma, Karl Munger
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Microbiology
Surendra Sharma, Karl Munger
Article
Virology
Joshua Hatterschide, Alexis C. Brantly, Miranda Grace, Karl Munger, Elizabeth A. White
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Surendra Sharma, Karl Munger
Article
Microbiology
Tao Wei, Miranda Grace, Aayushi Uberoi, James C. Romero-Masters, Denis Lee, Paul F. Lambert, Karl Munger
Summary: The E7 protein of papillomavirus interacts with the host cell's RB1 protein to play a critical role in papilloma formation. Experimental infection with a mutant MmuPV1 virus expressing an RB1 binding-defective E7 mutant resulted in smaller and fewer papillomas with delayed onset.
Article
Virology
Dayna Sais, Karl Munger, Nham Tran
Summary: Human Papillomavirus type 16 plays a significant role in the development of Head and Neck cancers by targeting protein coding genes and miRNAs. Recent studies have used interactomes to investigate the impact of HPV16 on miRNAs, providing insights into its global regulation of the disease.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Sharon Changshan Wu, Karl Munger
Summary: Cancer/testis antigens show potential as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, warranting further study to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Their differential expression in HPV-positive HNSCC may mechanistically contribute to the genesis and clinical characteristics of these cancers, making them attractive targets for immunotherapies. These antigens, historically linked to diverse cancers, are increasingly implicated in various hallmarks of cancer, suggesting potential as cancer drivers.
Review
Virology
James C. Romero-Masters, Paul F. Lambert, Karl Munger
Summary: HPVs cause a wide range of human diseases, from benign warts to malignant cancers. The discovery of a murine papillomavirus that infects laboratory mice provides an opportunity to study HPV-induced malignant diseases. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways.
Editorial Material
Virology
Felicia Goodrum, Anice Lowen, Seema Lakdawala, James Alwine, Arturo Casadevall, Michael Imperiale, Walter Atwood, Daphne Avgousti, Joel Baines, Bruce Banfield, Lawrence Banks, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Deepta Bhattacharya, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Bloom, Adrianus Boon, Steeve Boulant, Curtis Brandt, Andrew Broadbent, Christopher Brooke, Craig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Michael Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan-Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Muenger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing-hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko
Summary: Viruses have posed various challenges for humanity, but virology research has played a crucial role in reducing disease burden. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field, with concerns about conducting research on human pathogens and uncertainties regarding the origin of SARS-CoV-2. This has led to public confusion and misguided criticism of virology. This article aims to promote rational discourse by explaining gain-of-function approaches, discussing the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2, and outlining the regulatory structures in the United States that oversee virological research. The intention is to provide guidance to policymakers and maintain evidence-based discourse to address public concern and support vital virology research.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Warda Arman, Karl Munger
Summary: Papillomaviruses are ubiquitous epitheliotropic viruses that can establish persistent infections in mitotically active basal epithelial cells. To enable persistent infections, these viruses need to retain the basal cell identity and hold the cells in a replication-competent state. They achieve this by targeting the DNA damage and repair machinery for viral genome synthesis. Understanding the cellular factors targeted by papillomaviruses may aid in the development of antivirals.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Felicia Goodrum, Anice Lowen, Seema Lakdawala, James Alwine, Arturo Casadevall, Michael Imperiale, Walter Atwood, Daphne Avgousti, Joel Baines, Bruce Banfield, Lawrence Banks, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Deepta Bhattacharya, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Bloom, Adrianus Boon, Steeve Boulant, Curtis Brandt, Andrew Broadbent, Christopher Brooke, Craig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Michael Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan-Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Muenger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing-hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko
Summary: Viruses have posed numerous challenges to humanity, including respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment, and immunosuppression. Although virology research has made significant progress in combating these diseases through vaccines and antivirals, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field, with concerns regarding the safe conduct of research on human pathogens and uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. This article aims to promote rational discourse by explaining gain-of-function approaches in science, discussing the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2, and outlining the current regulatory structures in place for virological research in the United States. The goal is to aid policymakers in navigating these controversial issues and ensure balanced, evidence-based discussions that support vital virology research.
Article
Microbiology
James C. Romero-Masters, Miranda Grace, Denis Lee, Joshua Lei, Melanie DePamphilis, Darya Buehler, Rong Hu, Ella Ward-Shaw, Simon Blaine-Sauer, Nathalie Lavoie, Elizabeth A. White, Karl Munger, Paul F. Lambert
Summary: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) contribute to 5% of human cancers. Murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) provides a powerful tool to study the roles of papillomavirus genes in pathogenesis arising from a natural infection. In this study, we confirmed the interaction between MmuPV1 E7 and PTPN14, and found that the intact PTPN14 binding site is essential for MmuPV1 E7 to promote virus-induced pathogenesis and delay epithelial differentiation.
Article
Microbiology
James C. Romero-Masters, Laura K. Muehlbauer, Mitchell Hayes, Miranda Grace, Evgenia Shishkova, Joshua J. Coon, Karl Munger, Paul F. Lambert
Summary: The E6 protein encoded by MmuPV1 has potent oncogenic activities in mouse keratinocytes, including inhibition of differentiation, promotion of proliferation, and decreased dependence on growth factors. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that MmuPV1 E6 upregulates the expression of proteins related to cellular proliferation and other cancer hallmarks. These findings indicate that MmuPV1 E6 is a major driver of MmuPV1-induced pathogenesis.
Article
Microbiology
Sharon C. Wu, Miranda Grace, Karl Munger
Summary: Infections with ss-genus human papillomaviruses can cause skin lesions and potentially contribute to the development of squamous cell carcinomas. These viruses use various mechanisms to inhibit epithelial cell differentiation, allowing them to establish and maintain long-term infections in the basal-like epithelial cells.
Article
Cell Biology
Dimitra Pouli, Hong-Thao Thieu, Elizabeth M. Genega, Laura Baecher-Lind, Michael House, Brian Bond, Danielle M. Roncari, Megan L. Evans, Francisca Rius-Diaz, Karl Munger, Irene Georgakoudi
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2020)