Functionalization of Bentonite and Vermiculite after the Creation of Structural Defects through an Acid Leaching Process

The synthesis and use of functionalized materials is growing every year. Thus, this work presents a methodology for the functionalization of bentonite and vermiculite after the acid leaching of the raw materials. Leaching was performed with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and the functionalization was performed with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), which was oxidized after being anchored to the support. Compared to the results in the literature for directly functionalized raw bentonite, the materials had a greater number of anchored propyl sulfonic acid groups, and the greatest number of these groups led to an increase in the acidity of the raw materials. The raw and functionalized bentonite and vermiculite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N-2 adsorption and the surface acidity was determined by acid-base titration.