Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Marco Carlos Uchida
Summary: The study found that both low-speed and high-speed resistance training can reverse frailty status and improve physical performance in elderly individuals. While both types of training improved muscle strength and power, they showed different patterns of improvement, with low-speed resistance training being more effective in reversing frailty status.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Victor Sabino de Queiros, Nicholas Rolnick, Phelipe Wilde de Alcantara Varela, Breno Guilherme de Araujo Tinoco Cabral, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
Summary: High-frequency BFR training can generate significant neuromuscular adaptations, but strength declines and muscle fiber atrophy were reported in resistance training to failure. There is a lack of studies comparing low-frequency and high-frequency in short-term BFR training. Comparisons between resistance exercises of similar intensities are also lacking, limiting conclusions on the specific effects of proximity to failure or BFR.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Haoyu Liu, Chen Liu, Shibo He, Jiming Chen
Summary: The study proposes a new model to predict the strong wind risk alongside high-speed railways, using multiple instance learning and combining attention mechanisms and LSTM networks to quantify the relationships between wind speed status and strong wind incidents. The model demonstrates superior performance based on a real-world dataset.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Joshua S. Crane, Brennan J. Thompson, David C. Harrell, Eadric Bressel, Edward M. Heath
Summary: This study compared the effects of high-frequency and low-frequency eccentric resistance training on short-term muscle function adaptations. The results showed that both high-frequency and low-frequency training protocols resulted in significant improvements in strength and lower-body function. The high-frequency training group reported lower perceived exertion and soreness levels.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Kelly A. McLeod, Matthew D. Jones, Jeanette M. Thom, Belinda J. Parmenter
Summary: Progressive resistance training (PRT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and their combination (COMB) all improve cardiometabolic health in older adults. These training methods can reduce body mass index, body fat percentage, improve aerobic capacity, and enhance levels of LDL and blood glucose.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Rodrigo M. Pereira, Kellen C. da Cruz Rodrigues, Marcella R. Sant'Ana, Alisson L. da Rocha, Ana P. Morelli, Allice S. C. Veras, Rodrigo S. Gaspar, Celio J. da Costa Fernandes, Giovana R. Teixeira, Fernando M. Simabuco, Adelino S. R. da Silva, Dennys E. Cintra, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Jose R. Pauli, Leandro P. de Moura
Summary: Obesity is directly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and the liver plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood glucose levels. While aerobic exercise has been shown to improve insulin action in the liver, the effects of strength training in this context are not well understood. This study found that short-term strength training enhances insulin sensitivity in the liver of obese mice, reducing the activity of hepatic FOXO1 and improving glycemic control.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thiago Lasevicius, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Carla Silva-Batista, Talita de Souza Barros, Andre Yui Aihara, Helderson Brendon, Ariel Roberth Longo, Valmor Tricoli, Bergson de Almeida Peres, Emerson Luiz Teixeira
Summary: This study investigated the effects of muscle failure on muscle strength and hypertrophy in low-load and high-load resistance training. The results showed that training with a high level of effort seems to have greater importance than total training volume in promoting muscle hypertrophy in low-load training, while muscle failure does not provide any additional benefits in high-load training. Muscle strength gains are superior when using heavier loads.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Paulo D. G. Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Claudia S. Minderico, Jorge Infante, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: This study compared the effects of resistance training combined with time-restricted eating (TRE) and habitual diet on body composition and strength performance in trained young males. Both interventions resulted in decreased fat mass, but no changes in fat-free mass. Non-TRE was associated with better lower body jump performance, while TRE led to higher peak force and dynamic strength in the upper body. These findings suggest that the combination of TRE and resistance training may be beneficial for upper body high-speed strength, but not lower body training.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yajing Zheng, Lingxiao Zheng, Zhaofei Yu, Tiejun Huang, Song Wang
Summary: High-speed imaging helps us understand fast phenomena that are beyond the capability of our eyes. However, high-speed cameras like Phantom are expensive. A retina-inspired spiking camera has been developed recently to record information at a high rate of 40,000 Hz. Nevertheless, reconstructing dynamic scenes from asynchronous spikes remains challenging.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin Bjorn Stausholm, Ingvill Fjell Naterstad, Patricia Pereira Alfredo, Christian Couppe, Kjartan Vibe Fersum, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Rodrigo Alvaro Brandao Lopes-Martins, Jon Joensen, Jan Magnus Bjordal
Summary: LLT combined with strength training can reduce pain and improve physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, the improvement in joint line pain pressure threshold is less significant compared to placebo therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wentao Shan, Yaojun Lin
Summary: Currently, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is widely used to produce highly alloyed high speed steels (HSSs) in an industrial scale; however, the HIP's production cost is very high. Another powder consolidation approach with low production cost, namely vacuum hot-pressing (VHP), has hitherto received limited attention. The present work aims to develop an innovative solid-state VHP approach, producing HSSs with large cross-sectional sizes via a VHP facility having low loading capacity, thus further decreasing production cost.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qiuling Yang, Changhong Deng, Xiqiang Chang
Summary: In this paper, a wind speed prediction method based on data decomposition of improved singular spectrum analysis (ISSA) is proposed. The ISSA is used to decompose the wind speed sequence and remove noise components using singular entropy. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy.
Article
Sport Sciences
Kechi Anyadike-Danes, Lars Donath, John Kiely
Summary: Less than a third of coaches rated physical training as the most important factor in determining sports performance, while 99% of coaches believed that non-physical factors influence physical training response. The top five factors identified by coaches that modify an athlete's ability to adapt physically to a training plan were "coach-athlete relationship," "life stress," "athlete's belief in the plan," "psychological and emotional stress," and "physical training."
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuguang Wang, Xiao Li, Jie Su
Summary: In this study, a tiled convolutional neural network (TCNN) based-model is proposed to predict the distribution of future wind speed. The distribution deviation between historical and future wind speed is minimized by weighting the loss contribution of historical data. A branch accumulation error decreasing (BED) rule is introduced to adaptively determine the optimal mode number for the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method. Two hybrid models, which employ both the distribution drift correction process and BED rule-based decomposition process, are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed models is verified using data from two different wind farms in China. Compared with traditional short-term wind speed forecasting models, the proposed models show considerably better robustness to the distribution drift of the wind speed and achieve significantly higher forecasting accuracy in both the one-step ahead and multistep ahead wind speed forecasting scenarios.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huijuan Wu, Keqilao Meng, Daoerji Fan, Zhanqiang Zhang, Qing Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a multistep wind speed prediction model based on a transformer and shows through experiments that it achieves state-of-the-art performance in wind speed forecasting.
Article
Sport Sciences
Irineu Loturco, Michael R. McGuigan, David Rodriguez-Rosell, Lucas A. Pereira, Fernando Pareja-Blanco
Summary: This study aimed to determine the maximum relative load of the half-squat exercise that can be used in the jump squat exercise, and to examine if this reference value varies in subjects with different strength levels. Through testing 186 elite athletes, a relative strength value was identified to serve as a reference for the 1RM in the JS exercise.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alyssa-Joy Spence, Eric R. Helms, Michael R. McGuigan
Summary: This study examined the stretching practices of competitive powerlifters and found that over 50% of the surveyed athletes performed stretching. Most powerlifters programmed their own stretching routines and a significant number of them conducted static stretching before training.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Irineu Loturco, Lucas A. Pereira, Valter P. Reis, Vinicius Zanetti, Chris Bishop, Michael R. McGuigan
Summary: This study compared the effects of traditional free-weight training and variable resistance training on the strength, speed, and power performance of elite young soccer players during a short preseason. The results showed that both training strategies were effective in improving strength and power performance, but did not enhance sprint capacity.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Casey M. Watkins, Nicholas D. Gill, Ed Maunder, Paul Downes, James D. Young, Michael R. McGuigan, Adam G. Storey
Summary: This study focused on the effects of low-volume preseason plyometric training on force-velocity profiles in semiprofessional rugby players, indicating that this type of training can effectively improve sprint performance in athletes.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Ivan Jukic, Bas Van Hooren, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Eric R. Helms, Michael R. McGuigan, James J. Tufano
Summary: This study synthesized the effects of traditional, cluster, and rest redistribution set structures on chronic resistance training adaptations. Results showed that these set structures had minimal impact on strength and hypertrophy, but cluster and rest redistribution set structures were more effective for vertical jump performance, velocity, and power at submaximal loads, compared to traditional set structures. However, traditional set structures may be more favorable for muscle endurance.
Article
Sport Sciences
Casey M. Watkins, Adam Storey, Michael R. McGuigan, Paul Downes, Nicholas D. Gill
Summary: The study found differences in sprint performance and horizontal force-velocity profiles among rugby players of different competition levels and positional groups, showing varied levels of speed and force characteristics.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Casey M. Watkins, Adam G. Storey, Michael R. McGuigan, Nicholas D. Gill
Summary: The study revealed that practitioners often use lower training volumes than previous recommendations and significant differences in program details across competition levels and sport categories, including volume periodization, exercise choice, and plyometric intensity.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Lucas A. Pereira, Tomas T. Freitas, Elena Marin-Cascales, Chris Bishop, Michael R. McGuigan, Irineu Loturco
Summary: The study showed that sand training is effective for improving jump and sprint performance in team-sport players, with similar gains to hard surface training programs. Coaches and sport scientists working with team sports can incorporate both sand and hard surface training programs into their regular practices during different phases of the season.
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Irineu Loturco, Michael R. Mcguigan, Tomas T. Freitas, Fabio Y. Nakamura, Daniel A. Boullosa, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Lucas A. Pereira, Fernando Pareja-Blanco
Summary: The study found that sprinters achieved similar squat jump heights across a range of loads, regardless of whether they were using free weights or a Smith machine. Additionally, the positive effect of the countermovement on jump performance decreased as the load increased.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Jukic, Eric R. Helms, Michael R. McGuigan, Amador Garcia-Ramos
Summary: This study compares the effects of different set configurations on acute neuromuscular performance and suggests that cluster and rest redistribution sets can effectively reduce fatigue-related velocity loss in resistance training. These set configurations can be used as alternatives to training prescription based on velocity loss threshold.
Review
Sport Sciences
Ivan Jukic, Alejandro Perez Castilla, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Bas Van Hooren, Michael R. McGuigan, Eric R. Helms
Summary: This systematic review examined the relationship between velocity loss (VL) experienced during resistance training and various acute and chronic responses. The findings suggest that there is a graded relationship between VL and training volume, neuromuscular responses, metabolic responses, and perceptual responses. The choice of exercise, load, and individual factors can modulate these relationships. Higher VL thresholds are more effective for muscle hypertrophy, while lower VL thresholds are more beneficial for jumping, sprinting, and velocity against submaximal loads performance.
Article
Physiology
Ivan Jukic, Katarina Prnjak, Andrew King, Michael R. McGuigan, Eric R. Helms
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between velocity loss and completed repetitions in the free-weight back squat exercise. The findings showed that there was poor agreement and prediction accuracy in using this relationship to prescribe training volume. Factors such as sex, training status, and personality traits did not influence the relationship. Therefore, it is not recommended to use velocity loss and completed repetitions as a monitoring tool for resistance training with back squats.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Ivan Jukic, Eric R. Helms, Michael R. McGuigan
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the goodness of fit and prediction accuracy of the general and individual relationships between XRM and XRM-velocity in free-weight back squat. The effects of sex, training status and history, as well as personality traits, were also investigated. Individual XRM-velocity relationships showed better goodness of fit and prediction accuracy compared to the general relationships. Sex, training status and history, and personality traits did not have an impact on the relationships, suggesting their generalisability among resistance-trained populations. Individual XRM-velocity relationships can be used to prescribe loads matching an intended XRM by recording the fastest velocity of the set with a given load and predicting the XRM for the individual with reasonable accuracy.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Jukic, Andrew King, Colby A. Sousa, Katarina Prnjak, Michael R. McGuigan
Summary: This study examined the reproducibility and sensitivity of GymAware, PUSH2, and Vmaxpro velocity monitoring devices during resistance training. The results showed that GymAware was the most reliable and sensitive device for detecting changes in RT performance. Vmaxpro can be considered as a cheaper alternative to GymAware if using mean velocity metric. Caution should be exercised when using PUSH2 due to its higher measurement error and low sensitivity to changes in RT performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Irineu Loturco, Antonio Dello Iacono, Fabio Y. Nakamura, Tomas T. Freitas, Daniel Boullosa, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Lucas A. Pereira, Michael R. McGuigan
Summary: This paper presents the importance of optimal power load in exercise, describes the methods to determine this load and its effects on human performance, and highlights the potential applications of this approach in sports testing and training.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
