Article
Neurosciences
Pavel E. Musienko, Vladimir F. Lyalka, Oleg Gorskii, Pavel Zelenin, Tatiana G. Deliagina
Summary: This study investigates the activity of spinal interneurons during forward and backward walking to understand the neural networks involved in different directions of locomotion. The results reveal that some neurons have similar activity during all directions of walking, while others are direction-specific. These findings provide insights into the organization of spinal locomotor circuits and have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for impaired balance control.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xiao-Fang Huang, Peng Tang, Shu Yang, Jun-Yuan Feng, Zhen-Ping Wan
Summary: This study investigates the anisotropic deformation behavior of aluminum nitride ceramic during processing through ramp and constant load scratch experiments. It was found that the deformation anisotropy was characterized by differences in pile-ups, slip lines, and cracks produced by grains with different orientations. The mechanisms of anisotropic dislocation and deformation during scratching were disclosed through molecular dynamics simulation.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yuhua Huang, Yuqi Zhou, Jinming Li, Fulong Zhu
Summary: This study focused on the multi modes features during the machining of SiC, using scratching experiments and atomistic simulations. The scratching force and acoustic emission signals were analyzed to distinguish different scratching modes. The localized stress distribution and morphology were analyzed using non-destructive birefringence analysis. Four scratching modes were identified and atomistic simulations were conducted to understand the underlying atom-level behaviors. A qualitative multi layers model was proposed to explain different material removal mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Masahito Takiguchi, Sonoko Morinobu, Kengo Funakoshi
Summary: Perineuronal nets are extracellular matrix structures that wrap around neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as major components. Different expression patterns of CS-A and CS-C in the extracellular matrix surrounding motor neurons were found, with increased expression of CS-C associated with changes in motor neuron plasticity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yangxi Li, Yiqun Hou, Ben Zhang, Xuan Zou, David Johnson, Fan Wan, Chaoyan Zhou, Yao Jin, Xiaotao Shi
Summary: The swimming kinematics and dynamics of Schizopygopsis malacanthus were studied to determine their U-crit. The study found that even in uniform flow, the fish did not swim steadily and their speeds fluctuated. The correlation between forward velocity and acceleration with body length was only significant in steady swimming. The maximum swimming speed and acceleration occurred during unsteady swimming, but these measurements may be affected by tank space constraints and the passive behavior of the test fish. Additionally, the study showed that burst-coast swimming in still water is different from the gait transition from steady to unsteady swimming in flowing water. The axial force and energy consumption were significantly higher in unsteady swimming. These findings provide important new information for fish passage design.
Article
Biology
Remi Ronzano, Camille Lancelin, Gardave Singh Bhumbra, Robert M. Brownstone, Marco Beato
Summary: The study reveals that premotor neurons in the spinal cord have divergent projections to synergist or antagonist muscle MNs, indicating coordination of activity across multiple motor pools. Additionally, spinal neurons mediating co-contraction of antagonist muscles were identified, shedding light on the potential mechanisms behind muscle coordination and potential implications for neurological diseases like dystonia.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Changlin Liu, Zhuoxuan Zhuang, Juan Chen, W. S. Yip, Suet To
Summary: In this research, molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the material removal mechanism and subsurface damage formation during nano-scratching of the AuPt alloy. The influence of Pt composition on the machining performance and deformation mechanism of the alloy was analyzed. The results show that the Pt composition significantly affects the surface morphology and scratching force, and leads to the formation of crystal defects and stacking faults in the subsurface. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the nanoscale deformation mechanism of bimetallic materials during micro or nano machining process.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shawn Miller Jr, Juan E. Abrahante, Avtar Roopra, Brendan J. Dougherty
Summary: Gonadectomy rapidly and persistently reduces circulating sex steroids, allowing for the interrogation of hormonal influence on neural function in ventral spinal cord tissue of adult rats using a next-generation RNA sequencing dataset.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zhuoliang Zan, Kai Guo, Jie Sun, Yuan Lu, Bin Yang, Xiujie Jia, Vinothkumar Sivalingam, Jianren Xi
Summary: SiCf/C-SiC composites are difficult to machine materials and the dominant mode of material removal is brittle fracture, resulting in damage features including fiber breakage, matrix fragmentation, fiber pullout, and fiber outcropping.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Dong Zhang, Qiao-Gao Huang, Guang Pan, Li-Ming Yang, Wei-Xi Huang
Summary: Moderate chordwise deformation and large HAR can enhance the thrust performance of batoid fish. Different vortical structures have varying effects on thrust generation at different Strouhal numbers.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hao Wang, Guolin Yang, Hao Su, Zhigang Dong, Xiaoguang Guo, Yan Bao, Pengfei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the surface forming mechanism during ultrasonic elliptical vibratory cutting of tungsten alloy using scratching experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that this cutting method produced smoother surfaces with less roughness and visible plastic flow compared to ordinary cutting. The cutting stress in ultrasonic elliptical vibratory cutting exceeded the stress threshold required for slip system activation, resulting in a higher surface dislocation density and favorable plastic deformation.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2024)
Article
Cell Biology
Jorge Antolio Dominguez-Bautista, Pilar Sarah Acevo-Rodriguez, Susana Castro-Obregon
Summary: The study found discrete areas with high senescence-associated beta galactosidase in the developing mouse spinal cord and notochord, and treatment with the senolytic ABT-263 decreased the number of motoneurons, supporting their senescent phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhihao Cheng, Qiufa Luo, Jing Lu, Zige Tian
Summary: In this study, the interfacial interaction mechanisms between a 4H-SiC wafer surface and a diamond indenter were analyzed during nanoscale scratching using distilled water. Results showed that amorphous SiO2 was generated on the SiC surface, and the SiC-water reaction was mainly dependent on the load and contact state. Controlling the SiC-water reaction can avoid microcracks and achieve damage-free thinning of SiC wafers.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Li Ma, Ramin Aghababaei
Summary: This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of adhesive strength and abrasion depth on material transfer during nanoscratching of Tungsten. The results show that the coupling between adhesion and abrasion decreases with increasing scratching depth, and there exists a critical adhesive strength as a function of scratching depth at which the material removal mechanism transitions.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Yuhua Huang, Miaocao Wang, Jinming Li, Fulong Zhu
Summary: In this study, the impact of inclusions on scratching behavior during SiC epitaxy was explored through molecular dynamics modeling. It was found that inclusions significantly affect the microstructure, atomistic behavior, and machinability. Eliminating inclusions requires a high penetration depth, but increases the sensitivity of process parameters.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)