Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Rodolphe Grivet, Axel Huerre, Thomas Seon, Christophe Josserand
Summary: We experimentally explore the influence of solidification on the splashing phenomenon. By investigating the impact of water drops on dry smooth surfaces, we find that cooling the surface below the liquid melting temperature can greatly reduce the transition velocity to splash. At very low temperatures (below -60°C), the splashing behavior becomes independent of surface undercooling and exhibits similar characteristics as on ambient temperature superhydrophobic surfaces. This similarity is attributed to the increase of the dynamic advancing contact angle of the lamella with surface undercooling, transitioning from isothermal hydrophilicity to superhydrophobic behavior, which is related to ice growth near the contact line. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transition from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic behavior can be quantitatively characterized based on the dynamics of the ejected droplets.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shaolei Gai, Zhengbiao Peng, Behdad Moghtaderi, Jianglong Yu, Elham Doroodchi
Summary: This study presents a theoretical model based on molecular kinetic energy distribution to predict homogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) rate, showing good accuracy in predicting HIN temperatures under different pressures. Nonlinear variations of ice germ size and concentration were discovered, indicating the potential error in linearly extrapolating water characteristics in low-temperature regions using data obtained at high temperatures.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adam McElligott, Andre Guerra, Alexia Denoncourt, Alejandro D. Rey, Phillip Servio
Summary: This study investigates the freezing of up to three simultaneous THF hydrate droplets using acoustic levitation, revealing different nucleation mechanisms and structural inhomogeneities within the droplets.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leonardo Perin, Paola Gallo
Summary: In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the thermodynamics and structure of supercooled aqueous solutions of lithium chloride (LiCl) at concentrations c = 0.678 and 2.034 mol/kg. The presence of a liquid-liquid phase transition was observed at c = 0.678 mol/kg, similar to bulk water. The estimated position of the liquid-liquid critical point was T (c) ≈ 174K, P (c) ≈ 1775 bar, and ρ(c) ≈ 1.065 g/cm(3). No critical point was observed when the concentration was tripled to c = 2.034 mol/kg, indicating a possible disappearance of the critical point at this concentration. The structure of water-water and water-ions in the solutions was also studied, and it was found that the effect of ions on the water-water structure was not significant, preserving the features of bulk water. The hydration number of Li and Cl ions was calculated, and the results matched experimental findings, confirming the good performance of the Madrid-2019 force field.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jewon Choi, Seyoung Kim, Jin Yoo, Soo-Hyung Choi, Kookheon Char
Summary: Random amphiphilic copolymers containing a large fraction of ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) were synthesized to produce antifreeze and dynamic hydrogels. The directional packing of UPy-UPy dimers provides nanosized aggregates with narrow gap distances, inhibiting water crystallization by the confinement effect. The temperature-dependent dynamics of UPy allow the hydrogels to form a frozen structure at lower temperatures and exhibit injectability and self-healing properties at room temperature, with negligible cytotoxicity expanding the potential applications in drug storage and cell cryopreservation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Norihito Kimizuka
Summary: Research shows that a metastable eutectic is formed when an NaCl aqueous solution is cooled as a water-in-oil emulsion, with a eutectic point around -28 degrees C. This phenomenon can be predicted using phase diagrams.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Amrita Goswami, Indranil Saha Dalal, Jayant K. Singh
Summary: Using molecular simulations and modified classical nucleation theory, this study investigates the nucleation of various liquids under flow. The results reveal a universal variation of nucleation rate with shear, and a simplified theory successfully explains the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of nucleation behavior.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Julien Sebilleau, Emeryk Ablonet, Philippe Tordjeman, Dominique Legendre
Summary: The humidity in the air influences the kinetics of icing front and the shape of the iced drop by inducing a liquid-vapor phase change at the icing droplet interface, affecting heat transfer. Experimental results show good agreement with a modified Stefan model that considers the effects of humidity on both front kinetics and tip angle.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Valentino Bianco, P. Montero de Hijes, Cintia P. Lamas, Eduardo Sanz, Carlos Vega
Summary: This study investigates homogeneous ice nucleation at negative pressures, revealing nonmonotonic behavior of critical nucleus size and nucleation rate in the doubly metastable region of water. The results also predict a retracing behavior of nucleation rate and surface tension approaching the liquid-gas kinetic stability limit, suggesting new anomalies of water related to reentrance of properties at negative pressures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Han Xue, Yang Fu, Youhua Lu, Dezhao Hao, Kaiyong Li, Guoying Bai, Zhong-Can Ou-Yang, Jianjun Wang, Xin Zhou
Summary: The study reveals that the spontaneous freezing between 233 and 235 K is actually triggered by the surface of microdroplets, as the nucleation rate is proportional to the surface area of droplets. This conclusion is further supported by experimental data from other groups when using the same data analysis approach. This research is critical for understanding the sources of no-man's land, features of homogeneous nucleation, and properties of deeply supercooled liquid water.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Anthony N. Consiglio, Drew Lilley, Ravi Prasher, Boris Rubinsky, Matthew J. Powell-Palm
Summary: This work investigates the potential applications of stable aqueous supercooling and presents a new platform for evaluating its stability. Various system modifications were found to significantly enhance the stability of supercooling. A statistical model was also applied to estimate the duration of stable supercooling based on temperature and solution chemistry, leading to the creation of stability maps.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Escobar, F. Donado, R. E. Moctezuma, Eric R. Weeks
Summary: In a quasi-two-dimensional system of magnetic spherical particles on a shallow concave dish under a temporally oscillating magnetic field, the energy losses from collisions and friction with the dish surface are compensated by continuous energy input from the magnetic field. Particle motions resemble that of atoms and molecules in glass or crystal-forming fluid, experiencing an additional force towards the center of the dish due to its curvature. Decreasing the magnetic field leads to decreased effective temperature and slower particle motion, eventually resulting in crystallization and the growth of a hexagonal lattice structure. The study supports nonclassical theories of crystal formation, where initially a dense amorphous aggregate of particles forms and rearranges internally to form the crystalline nucleus before growing into a crystal following classical theory.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joseph Kangas, John C. Bischof, Christopher J. Hogan
Summary: This paper extends the classic Avrami equation to nonisothermal systems with arbitrary temperature-time history and initial distributions of transformed phase. By examining phase change in Fourier space, a nonlinear differential equation relating nucleation rate, growth rate, and transformed fraction is derived. Analytical solutions for the population balance partial differential equation on the phase size distribution are obtained, and initial conditions for the differential equation linking nucleation rate, growth rate, and transformed fraction are derived.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Maurice de Koning, Valeria Molinero
Summary: The anomalous increase in compressibility and heat capacity of supercooled water is attributed to a structural transformation into a four-coordinated liquid. Experimental studies show that kappa(T) and C-p reach their peaks at approximately 229 K. Recently, a pulsed heating procedure (PHP) revealed a significant increase in tetrahedrality around T-W(PHP) = 210 +/- 3 K. However, this discrepancy raises questions about whether the structure and thermodynamics of water are decoupled, or if the shift in T-W is an artifact of PHP.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Armin Kalita, Maximillian Mrozek-McCourt, Thomas F. Kaldawi, Philip R. Willmott, N. Duane Loh, Sebastian Marte, Raymond G. Sierra, Hartawan Laksmono, Jason E. Koglin, Matt J. Hayes, Robert H. Paul, Serge A. H. Guillet, Andrew L. Aquila, Mengning Liang, Sebastien Boutet, Claudiu A. Stan
Summary: This article studies the freezing process of supercooled water droplets in a vacuum environment, using optical microscopy and X-ray laser diffraction. The research found that long-range crystalline order formed in ice crystals in less than 1 ms after freezing.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lakshmi Ravi, Di Zhang, Dehao Qin, Zheyu Zhang, Yuntao Xu, Dong Dong
Summary: This letter proposes a novel and reliable VCC called electronic MOV (eMOV) to improve the voltage suppression index (VSI) and reduce the conduction losses of the system. The eMOV introduces a breakover diode and a Silicon controlled rectifier to share the system voltage and provide a bypass path for fault current.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Tien-Wen Sung, Yuntao Xu, Xiaohui Hu, Chao-Yang Lee, Qingjun Fang
Summary: With the development of smart grids, smart meters are being installed in more and more households. To transfer user data to the control center, it is necessary to transmit the data to the data aggregation point (DAP) before sending it to the control center. The number and location of DAPs have an impact on the communication quality and cost of the smart meter network, especially in suburban and rural areas where a large number of DAPs are needed. This study proposes a grid-based relay DAP placement scheme and algorithms to reduce the number of DAPs and minimize the impact of relay DAP locations on communication quality.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lele Yang, Hong Chen, Yuntao Xu, Rong Qian, Qiao Chen, Yuanxing Fang
Summary: This study modifies the surface of Mo-doped BiVO4 with Co2+ and PO43- ions, resulting in improved H2O2 yield and selectivity. The presence of PO43- ions promotes the formation of .OH, while Co2+ ions accelerate the conversion of .OH for H2O2 evolution. This research provides a strategy for designing an efficient photoelectrochemical system for H2O2 production with optimized solar conversion efficiency.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ning Xie, Yuntao Xu, Jiaheng Zhang, Junjie Chen
Summary: This paper proposes an asynchronous MIMO system with intentional timing offset and designs a Joint Estimation of Channel responses and Phase noises using Intentional Timing Offset (JECP-ITO) scheme based on this system. The advantages of this algorithm in reducing interference and improving performance are demonstrated through theoretical and simulation comparisons.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuntao Xu, Jiaheng Zhang, Qihong Zhang, Peichang Zhang, Lei Huang, Ning Xie, Jian Lu
Summary: In this paper, an authentication approach for a spatial modulation (SM) system using physical-layer authentication mechanisms is proposed, which has high security and low complexity. Two physical-layer authentication schemes, PLA-SAT and PLA-SIT, are proposed and compared in terms of compatibility and security. The simulation results show that the authentication accuracy of both schemes is close to one when the received SNR is greater than 20 dB, and the security performances of the schemes improve as the variance of estimation errors increases.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuntao Xu, Yanfei Cao, Li Tan, Qiao Chen, Yuanxing Fang
Summary: This study finds that using various cobalt phosphides as co-catalysts can improve the yield and selectivity of photoanodic hydrogen peroxide production, with Co2P exhibiting the best performance.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Loni Kringle, Bruce D. Kay, Greg A. Kimmel
Summary: Understanding the relaxation kinetics of supercooled water is crucial for interpreting experimental results in this challenging region of phase space. By using infrared spectroscopy and transiently heating nanoscale water films, the researchers observed memory effects similar to classic experiments. A random double well model based on dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled water can explain these observations.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiacheng Xie, Mohan Shen, Yuntao Xu, Wei Fu, Likai Yang, Hong X. Tang
Summary: Researchers have discovered that incorporating a millimetre-wave dual-rail resonator into a suspended lithium niobate resonator can achieve efficient electromechanical transduction in the sub-terahertz regime. These electromechanical resonators operating in the sub-terahertz regime could be of great importance in future communication systems due to their ability to support extremely fast data rates. These resonators also have significant implications in the study of quantum phenomena in mechanical entities.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Loni Kringle, Bruce D. Kay, Greg A. Kimmel
Summary: Experiments on deeply supercooled liquid water are important for understanding its anomalous properties. By transiently heating nanoscale water films and analyzing their structures, we can relate the results to other experiments and simulations. We find that hyperquenched water retains about 50%-60% of high-temperature structural motifs and the rest consists of low-temperature motifs.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher R. O'Connor, Marcos F. Calegari Andrade, Annabella Selloni, Greg A. Kimmel
Summary: The adsorption structure of water on the (101) surface of TiO2 has been investigated, revealing the formation of one-dimensional chains and a two-dimensional hydrogen bond network. This structural motif is likely to persist under ambient conditions and have significant implications for surface reactions.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zhiwen Chen, Zhigang Lv, Ruohai Di, Peng Wang, Xiaoyan Li, Xiaojing Sun, Yuntao Xu
Summary: Small data volume and data imbalance often lead to statistical failure and restrict the accuracy of data-driven models, becoming a bottleneck problem in small sample modeling. This paper proposes a virtual sample generation method based on acceptable area and joint probability distribution sampling to reduce randomness, improve data consistency, and enhance the accuracy of data-driven models in small samples.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kraen C. Adamsen, Nikolay G. Petrik, Wilke Dononelli, Greg A. Kimmel, Tao Xu, Zheshen Li, Lutz Lammich, Bjork Hammer, Jeppe V. Lauritsen, Stefan Wendt
Summary: The interaction between water and metal oxide surfaces is crucial in various research fields and applications, especially reducible anatase TiO2. This study combines experiments and theory to investigate the dissociation of water on bulk-reduced a-TiO2(101). The results show that after water exposure, point-like protrusions appear on the a-TiO2(101) surface, which originate from hydroxyl pairs (OHt/OHb). The study also provides a comprehensive model of the water/a-TiO2(101) interaction and explains the thermal stability of the hydroxyl pairs up to 480 K.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)