Review
Mechanics
Stephen K. Wilson, Hannah-May D'Ambrosio
Summary: The evaporation of a sessile droplet of liquid is a complex and multifaceted fundamental topic. It has drawn significant multidisciplinary research efforts in recent decades due to its key role in numerous physical and biological processes. This review focuses on the insights gained from simple mathematical models and discusses potential future directions in the field.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Saravanan Balusamy, Sayak Banerjee, Kirti Chandra Sahu
Summary: The spreading of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 from contaminated surfaces is largely influenced by the drying time of virus-containing droplets, which is affected by environmental conditions and physical properties. Respiratory droplets contain salt, protein, and surfactant in addition to water, which are expected to impact evaporation significantly.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Abhishek Kaushal, Vishwajeet Mehandia, Purbarun Dhar
Summary: This article investigates the morphing of evaporation kinetics of paramagnetic saline sessile droplets in the presence of a magnetic field stimulus, showing that the evaporation rates are significantly augmented by the magnetic field strength, and the thermo-solutal advection within the droplets is enhanced. The magneto-thermal and magneto-solutal modes of internal ferrohydrodynamics are revealed to be the dominant mechanisms behind the augmented evaporation dynamics, with experimentally obtained internal velocities in excellent compliance with model predictions. These findings have important implications for magnetic field-modulated microfluidic thermal and species transport systems.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xue Li, Brandon Murray, Shankar Narayan
Summary: In this study, the evaporation process of water droplets on a thin quartz substrate is analyzed using a numerical model. The model considers mass and heat transfer, as well as interfacial force balance, and agrees well with experimental results. The study highlights the importance of surface wettability in evaporation dynamics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Desheng Chen, Tingting Wang, Lining Ming, Man Qiu, Zhe Lin
Summary: This paper investigates the collision of moving droplets with sessile droplets using high-speed photography. The main characteristics of the collision phenomena under different collision speeds and volume ratios are quantified, and the phenomena are explained from an energy analysis perspective. The findings are significant for solving practical engineering problems and improving equipment operation stability.
Article
Thermodynamics
Shangpei Dai, Xuhong Jia, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jing Tang, Junhao Ma, Quanyi Liu, Yulong Zhu
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the evaporation behavior of different fuel droplets on hot surfaces, revealing various thermal patterns and heat transfer mechanisms. The results showed that the evaporation rate of droplets is largely determined by the saturation vapor pressure.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Madeleine R. Moore, Alexander W. Wray
Summary: This study investigates the influence of gravity on solute transport during evaporation of thin droplets. Two asymptotic regimes are identified based on the size of the Bond number. The results provide quantitative predictions of the size, location, and shape of the solute mass profile, taking into account the interplay between advection, diffusion, surface tension, and gravity.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Liansheng Liu, Xuanchen Liu, Wenqi Jia, Wenjia Ren, Liang Tian, Runze Duan
Summary: This study investigates the evaporation characteristics of droplets attached to a high temperature wall, revealing the intense evaporation process in the boiling regime and the transition from static evaporation to nucleate boiling. The study verifies the feasibility of numerical simulation for studying droplet evaporation in the boiling regime, which is consistent with experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chin-Chi Hsu, You-An Lee, Chun-Hui Wu, C. S. Sujith Kumar
Summary: This study found that increasing temperature significantly influenced changes in surface adhesion force, and the force balance equation demonstrated the existence of a moment of droplet movement.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Qi-yue Wang, Gui-ping Zhu
Summary: Active magnetic regulation is an emerging field that focuses on the controllability of ferrofluid droplet spreading and evaporation. The interaction between the liquid and externally applied magnetic field alters the drying process, resulting in a transition from disk-shaped to peak-filled droplets. A numerical model based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is used to simulate the deformation and evaporation of the droplets, showing that increasing magnetic flux enhances the contact radius and internal flow, thereby promoting the evaporation process. The experimental and numerical investigations both confirm that the externally applied magnetic field accelerates the evaporation process of ferrofluid droplets. The design and optimization of the magnetic field are crucial for regulating droplet evaporation, benefiting industries such as evaporative cooling and inkjet printing.
Article
Thermodynamics
Henry W. Fung, Md. Almostasim Mahmud, Brendan D. MacDonald
Summary: Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of forced convection on the evaporation rate of continuously-fed sessile droplets. The results showed that introducing air flow initially increased the evaporation rate, but the gains plateaued at higher air velocities. Boundary layer formation hindered the benefits of forced convection, indicating that thermal management systems need to utilize raised pedestals or curved surfaces.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Cosimo Brondi, Nicolo G. Di Novo, Nicola M. Pugno, Giuseppe Mensitieri, Massimiliano Fraldi
Summary: The spread of respiratory diseases through saliva droplets can be affected by the water evaporation process, which influences virus viability. The drying time of virus-laden droplets is influenced by environmental conditions, physical properties, and wetting regime. By simulating the evaporation behavior and drying time of aqueous sodium chloride droplets and a surrogate virus (MS2) under different wetting regimes and ambient conditions, the importance of wetting regimes on evaporation behavior and drying time was revealed.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Saptarshi Basu, D. Chaitanya Kumar Rao, Ankur Chattopadhyay, Joita Chakraborty
Summary: This experiment investigated the dissolution of microscale alcohol droplets in water under the influence of vertical confinement. The introduction of confinement hindered mass transport and altered the dissolution rate, resulting in an extended droplet lifetime. The findings suggest that the revised scaling law could be applied to other configurations and has practical implications for various applications such as microfluidic technology and biomedical engineering.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lionel Perrin, Andrew Akanno, Eduardo Guzman, Francisco Ortega, Ramon G. Rubio
Summary: The study investigated the formation of coffee-ring deposits during the evaporation of droplets containing specific surfactants, revealing that the morphology of the deposits is related to the concentration of the anionic surfactants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hui-Chung Cheng, Cheng-Han Li, Tien-Li Chang, Ping-Hei Chen
Summary: This study investigated droplet evaporation on biphilic surfaces and found that the formation of a ring-shaped droplet during the evaporation process enhanced the efficiency of evaporation. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical model proposed in the literature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lu Shen, Govind Harikumar, Kai Wang, Fei Duan
Summary: The study investigated the flow behavior near a stack in a hybrid thermoacoustic system using time-resolved particle image velocimetry and found two types of vortices caused by the stack. Proper orthogonal decomposition was applied to illustrate small-scale fluctuations from the main flow structure, with results showing variations in vortical flow structures from cycle to cycle.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Baris Burak Kanbur, Marcus Zhao Hui Lee, Fei Duan
Summary: This study investigates the transition of high-speed and high-frequency ethanol droplet train impingement on the glass substrate, analyzing the changes in surface temperature along 50 milliseconds. The spreading diameter trends depend on the thermal balance between the supplied liquid ethanol and the ethanol consumption from the glass surface, with the diameter increasing with increments in the Weber number while decreasing with the rise of the glass surface temperature. The observation of boiling, transition, and post-transition regimes provides insight into the process of droplet impact on the glass surface.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Govind Harikumar, Lu Shen, Kai Wang, Swapnil Dubey, Fei Duan
Summary: A transient simulation of a hybrid thermoacoustic system is used to study temporal evolution of flow structures as well as the velocity and temperature variations within the channels of the stack. The simulation results show the presence of a residual vortex layer inside the channel, and the velocity and temperature variations are more prominent at resonance frequencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuheng Shang, Bofeng Bai, Yu Hou, Xin Zhong, Lidong Sun
Summary: The influence of surface properties on the dynamics and freezing of an impact water droplet is investigated. Three distinct icing paradigms are identified, with the interior freezing front occurring first (IFF) being favored by high impact velocities and low surface temperatures. The transition from IFF to other paradigms occurs with decreasing impact velocity and/or increasing surface temperature. The small difference in thickness between the central and peripheral liquid and the large temperature difference between the droplet and liquid-substrate interface contribute to the interior freezing front occurring prior to the exterior one.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lu Shen, Junheng Ren, Fei Duan
Summary: Experimental investigations reveal the linkage of nonuniform interfacial temperature and flow field in an ethanol droplet evaporating on a heated substrate before the final phase of drying. The Benard-Marangoni instability is suggested to be responsible for the regular thermal patterns formed at the evaporating interface. The evolution of deformed Benard-Marangoni convection cells in the sessile droplet is solely dependent on the instant contact angle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Lingqi Zhao, Xin Zhong, Huicheng Feng
Summary: This paper experimentally observed that chaotic induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) is stable in weak electric fields and becomes chaotic in strong electric fields. The observed chaotic ICEO flow is irregular and unstable across the whole velocity field, and the chaos degree grows with increasing electric field.
Article
Polymer Science
Baris Burak Kanbur, Yi Zhou, Suping Shen, Kim Hai Wong, Charles Chen, Abe Shocket, Fei Duan
Summary: This study focuses on the manufacturing of plastic injection mold inserts with conformal cooling channels (CCCs) using metal additive manufacturing (MAM). The research includes computational simulations, performance assessments, and multiobjective optimization to achieve better cooling performance and thermal uniformity compared to traditional channels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhen Qin, Zheng Hua Low, Chenzhen Ji, Fei Duan
Summary: This research aims to validate the effect of the inclined angle of metal fins on PCM melting and evaluate the efficacy of angled fins in enhancing PCM melting in the LHTES system. Experimental results show that the inclined fins significantly influence the temperature evolution of solid PCM around the fins. Different inclined angles of fins have varying effects on the PCM melting time, with downward inclined fins being the most effective in reducing the melting time.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Qin, Chenzhen Ji, Zheng Hua Low, Wei Tong, Chenlong Wu, Fei Duan
Summary: Waste heat recovery from industrial exhaust gases is crucial for reducing fuel consumption and improving energy efficiency. This study focuses on the effect of PCM container geometry on melting behavior and heat storage performance. The results show that a protruding-shaped container with high convection strength significantly improves PCM melting and thermal storage rates.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Zhou, Baris Burak Kanbur, Duc Van Le, Rui Tan, Fei Duan
Summary: With the rapid development of information technology, the increase in the number and scale of data centers highlights the importance of energy-saving cooling. This study proposes multi-criteria assessments to analyze the comprehensive interactions of internal and external factors in air-cooled data centers. The impacts of refrigerant charge, evaporation pressure control limits, and hot aisle containment on increasing supply air temperature are compared and analyzed. Overall, increasing the supply air temperature leads to a decrease in power usage effectiveness, but the effects of refrigerant charge and evaporation pressure control vary depending on the thermoeconomic aspects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Li Yi, Fei Duan, Minqiang Pan
Summary: This paper proposes an immersion spray array cooling vapor chamber (ISVC) for high-power electronic devices and conducts experimental and numerical studies on thermal performance and flow pattern. It is shown that increasing the inlet temperature of the coolant facilitates the heat transfer performance and temperature uniformity of the ISVC within the safe working temperature range of electronic devices. The ISVC achieves enhanced heat transfer capacity and temperature uniformity with larger inlet flow rates, compared to existing integrated heat sink combined vapor chamber and array jet impingement. The operating limit heating power of the ISVC is increased by at least 68%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yuqing Hou, Hui Li, Hong Chen, Shengnan Shen, Fei Duan, Wei Wei, Jiayue Wang, Yicang Huang, Xiawei Guan, Yinghao Liao
Summary: This study proposes a novel SEConv1D framework for predicting the hydrodynamic characteristics of unidentified underwater vehicles. The framework combines Conv1D and SENet, and uses a hydrodynamic dataset based on CFD that is verified by experiments. The results show that the framework can accurately predict the total resistance coefficient (Cd) of REMUS UUV and SUBOFF AFF-1, with a small error compared to experimental data and significant reductions in error compared to other popular network models.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiaxing Song, Mengying Liu, Xiangchao Ma, Quanwei Tian, Jingkai Feng, Xiting Zhong, Fei Duan
Summary: The thermal decomposition behaviors of alpha (α) and beta (13) manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanorods are investigated. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis are used to study the thermal process difference. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope are employed to examine crystal structures and morphologies at different temperatures. The results show that α-MnO2 nanorods have better thermal resistance than 13-MnO2, which is important for the selection of thermal stable materials in electrochemistry industries and energy materials application.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wenhan Zhao, Xiaopeng Shang, Boran Zhang, Dan Yuan, Binh Thi Thanh Nguyen, Wenshuai Wu, Jing Bo Zhang, Niancai Peng, Ai Qun Liu, Fei Duan, Lip Ket Chin
Summary: This study systematically investigates the flow transition process in the hydrodynamic focusing mechanism, revealing the transition from the squeezed focusing state to the over-squeezed anti-focusing state. The recovery rate of cell analysis can be maintained by limiting the Reynolds number below 30. These findings provide new insights into microfluidic cytometric analyses with various applications in food safety, water monitoring, and healthcare sectors.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yilin Liu, Jincai Su, Fei Duan, Xin Cui, Weichao Yan, Liwen Jin
Summary: This paper investigates the micro-mechanism of enhanced water vapor separation using graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PVA) nanocomposite membranes. The study reveals that embedding GO into a PVA matrix increases glass transition temperature and fractional free volume, leading to enhanced gas diffusion in the membranes. The interaction between polymer chains and GO nanoparticles promotes water vapor adsorption and inhibits nitrogen adsorption in the membranes. These findings provide a basis for optimizing and synthesizing gas separation membranes.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)