Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Miao Lin, Maocheng Jiang, Tianyu Yang, Dejin Tan, Guanghui Hu, Guoqi Zhao, Kang Zhan
Summary: Acetate can enhance the expression of lipogenic genes and triglyceride (TG) production by activating the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). This study provides new insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanism in the expression of mTOR-signaling-pathway-regulated lipogenic genes.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Matamoros, J. Cai, A. D. Patterson, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: Supplementation with sodium acetate (NaAcet) increases milk fat production mainly by stimulating de novo fatty acid production, potentially by increasing acetate supply to the mammary gland. On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) treatment increases the yield of preformed and de novo fatty acids, with potentially different mechanisms from NaAcet supplementation.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anita Nkansah Agyare, Qi Liang
Summary: The study found that yak MFGM and butter are rich in important nutrients, playing significant roles in anticancer, anti-obesity, and neurodevelopment. They can be used as functional food ingredients in supplement and infant food development.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Baldin, D. Garcia, G. I. Zanton, F. Hao, A. D. Patterson, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This experiment aimed to verify the effect of HMTBa on biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression (MFD) and investigate its impact on rumen environment and fermentation. The results showed that HMTBa could reduce the concentration of trans fatty acids in milk fat, increase milk fat yield, and also affect rumen environment and digestion processes.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Olga Bykova, Oleg Shevkunov, Olga Kostyunina
Summary: This article provides an overview of international studies on the identification of genomic regions and SNPs associated with trans fatty acids in cow's milk. The results show that 68 SNPs were localized on specific chromosomes. Further research in this direction will contribute to the development of modern breeding technologies and high-quality dairy products.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. E. Copelin, J. L. Firkins, M. T. Socha, C. Lee
Summary: This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of increased diet fermentability, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and additives on milk fat depression in Holstein cows. The results showed that supplementing with HMTBa or IA alleviated milk fat yield reduction in low-forage diets, with no additive effects observed when they were used in combination. Minimal changes were found in milk fatty acid profile, and total-tract NDF digestibility was not significantly affected by the additives.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Sevrin, Charlene Sirvins, Agnes David, Audrey Aguesse, Alexis Gandon, Blandine Castellano, Dominique Darmaun, Clair-Yves Boquien, Marie-Cecile Alexandre-Gouabau
Summary: The study found that supplementation of arginine during gestation and lactation can enhance milk flow and mammary lipogenesis in rat dams nursing large litters.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
M. Malkowska, B. Staniewski, J. Ziajka
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in composition and physicochemical properties of milk fat fractions obtained through dry fractionation, and found that fatty acid composition is closely related to the firmness/hardness and crystallization of milk fat and its fractions. The results revealed variations in saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ratios, leading to differences in melting and solidification curves, as well as microstructural differences in milk fat analyzed under a microscope.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sara Deleu, Kathleen Machiels, Jeroen Raes, Kristin Verbeke, Severine Vermeire
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids play important roles in the gut microbiome and intestinal immune system, exerting various effects on host metabolism and immune system. Further research is needed on the cross-feeding mechanisms in the gut microbiome and the therapeutic potential of SCFAs in different disease models.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yang Yang, Chuanping Liu, Caiyan Zhang, Ziru Xu, Li Zhang, Yingjun Cui, Chunmei Wang, Ye Lin, Xiaoming Hou
Summary: This study found that acetate upregulated the expression and function of GPR43 in mammary epithelial cells through the PI3K-AKT-SP1 signaling pathway, thereby increasing milk fat synthesis. These results provide an experimental strategy for improving milk lipid synthesis, which is important to the dairy industry.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Karla Inostroza, Giovanni Larama, Silvana Bravo, Mario Diaz, Nestor Sepulveda
Summary: This study found that the concentrations of fatty acids C18:1n9c and C18:2n6c in wool were positively correlated with high milk fat content in ewes, potentially being used to determine the milk fat content of ewes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sara Gomes, Fatima Baltazar, Elisabete Silva, Ana Preto
Summary: The composition of colon microbiota affects the development of colorectal cancer and has an impact on cellular phenotypes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exhibit selective and anticancer effects on colon cancer cells and could be a potential therapy for CRC by modulating the composition of colon microbiota.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sara Pacheco-Pappenheim, Sine Yener, Kelly Nichols, Jan Dijkstra, Kasper Hettinga, Hein J. F. van Valenberg
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of fat and protein supplementation on milk fat composition, structure, and solid fat content in dairy cattle. The results showed that fat supplementation had more significant changes on milk fat TAG composition and increased the solid fat content. These alterations may impact the absorption of fat and minerals in infant milk-based products and the processing of milk fat.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Isesele, Samantha Enstad, Pham Huong, Raymond Thomas, Carol L. Wagner, Sarbattama Sen, Sukhinder K. Cheema
Summary: This study investigates the effects of omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk from non-obese and obese women on the process of adipogenesis in preadipocytes. The findings suggest that breast milk from non-obese women with a high omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio is associated with increased expression of lipogenic genes, while breast milk from obese women with a high omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio shows larger lipid droplets, indicating adipocyte dysfunction.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shuailing Yang, Shyam Suwal, Ulf Andersen, Jeanette Otte, Lilia Ahrn
Summary: The study showed that moderate pulsed electric field treatment can modify the structure of milk fat globules, leading to changes in milk stability, lipolysis, and fatty acid composition. Different sizes of milk fat globules have varying responses to PEF, which is significant for the development of new products and ingredients containing milk fat.
INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. P. Shepardson, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fat supplements containing different levels of palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA) on milk production and nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Supplementing PA increased milk fat yield, while a blend of PA and SA increased energy-corrected milk without decreasing intake. The fatty acid profile of fat supplements can influence their digestibility and effects on milk synthesis.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jocely G. Souza, Claudio V. D. M. Ribeiro, Kevin J. Harvatine
Summary: Rumination time in dairy cows is closely related to milk fat yield and influenced by factors such as milk yield, dry matter intake, and rumen pH. A meta-regression analysis of 130 journal articles found that rumination time increased quadratically with milk fat yield and milk fat percentage, as well as being influenced by dietary factors like NDF and total-tract digestibility. Total-tract digestibility was found to explain 41% of the variation in rumination time when included in the model.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed S. A. El-Zenary, Khalid M. Gaafar, Reham Abou-Elkhair, Robert G. Elkin, John W. Boney, Kevin J. Harvatine
Summary: Adding AHI or FLAX oil to the feed can increase the content of VLCn-3 fatty acids in broiler tissues, with AHI oil at 7.5 g/kg showing the most efficient synthesis and deposition of VLCn-3.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Camila Munoz, Rodrigo Villalobos, Alejandra Maria Teresa Peralta, Rodrigo Morales, Natalie Louise Urrutia, Emilio Mauricio Ungerfeld
Summary: Supplementing grazing dairy cows with oilseeds, particularly whole cottonseed, can mildly decrease methane emissions without affecting milk production significantly. Different oilseeds have various effects on milk production and methane emissions, but these effects are mild and transient. Conducting long-term studies under grazing conditions is crucial to assess the overall impact of proposed nutritional methane mitigation strategies on productivity, sustainability, and consumer health.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. Raffrenato, M. J. Badenhorst, K. J. Harvatine, M. N. T. Shipandeni, L. du Plessis, G. Esposito, W. H. van Zyl
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the diurnal patterns of digestibility and enzymatic activities in dairy cows. Results showed clear circadian rhythms in enzymatic activity and in vitro digestibility, with sensitivity to changes in nighttime feeding behavior. However, different parameters responded differently to feeding treatments.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Matamoros, I. J. Salfer, P. A. Bartell, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the timing of acetate infusion on peripheral rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. The results showed that the timing of acetate infusion can influence the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma metabolites in cows.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Baldin, D. Garcia, G. I. Zanton, F. Hao, A. D. Patterson, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This experiment aimed to verify the effect of HMTBa on biohydrogenation-induced milk fat depression (MFD) and investigate its impact on rumen environment and fermentation. The results showed that HMTBa could reduce the concentration of trans fatty acids in milk fat, increase milk fat yield, and also affect rumen environment and digestion processes.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Baldin, Y. A. Adeniji, J. G. Souza, M. H. Green, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This study used a recently developed in vivo biohydrogenation (BH) assay to quantify the BH of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in cows. The results showed similar rates of FA disappearance and BH extent compared to previous studies. The assay provided insight into rumen metabolism of individual FA and may be useful for future investigations.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Matamoros, F. Hao, Y. Tian, A. D. Patterson, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: Acetate supplementation increases milk fat yield regardless of dietary fiber level, mainly by stimulating mammary lipogenesis and increasing the production of longer-chain fatty acids.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Isaac J. Salfer, Cesar I. Matamoros, P. A. Bartell, Kevin J. Harvatine
Summary: Milk synthesis exhibits a daily rhythm that is influenced by the timing of feed intake. Amino acids play a crucial role in milk synthesis and may have an effect on mammary circadian rhythms. Feeding increased protein levels during the early part of the day can increase milk fat yield and modify energy metabolism through increased daily variation in insulin-stimulated lipid release.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. Fiore, A. Lisuzzo, L. Laghi, K. J. Harvatine, E. Mazzotta, M. C. Alterisio, P. Ciaramella, C. Zhu, B. Contiero, V. Faillace, J. Guccione
Summary: The metabolic profile of Mediterranean buffaloes (MB) associated with different levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was characterized. The study revealed metabolic changes related to subclinical ketosis in MB, suggesting the need for further investigation to better understand this disease.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalie L. Urrutia, Michel Baldin, Samantha R. Egolf, Rachel E. Walker, Yun Ying, Michael H. Green, Kevin J. Harvatine
Summary: This study compared the transport of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in cows and found that the transfer efficiency of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA-FFA) to milk is nearly 50% higher than EPA and DHA (LCn3-FFA). The study also revealed that the transfer of ALA and DHA in cows varies depending on the lactation stage. These findings highlight the distinct differences in the trafficking and partitioning of n-3 PUFA in cows, with implications for effective dosage and enrichment of fatty acids in tissues and organelles.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Matamoros, C. D. Dechow, K. J. Harvatine
Summary: This study investigates the interaction of acetate supplementation with parity and genetic potential for milk fat synthesis. The results show that acetate supplementation increases milk fat yield and concentration, regardless of the DGAT1 genotype and parity.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Robert G. Elkin, Kevin J. Harvatine
Summary: This review summarizes the novel findings and unanswered questions regarding the enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It also offers possible explanations for perplexing observations in this area.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kevin J. J. Harvatine
Summary: Biological rhythms driven by time-keeping mechanisms regulate physiology and metabolism in animals, including dairy cows. However, the regulation of these rhythms and its impact on dairy management have not been well described. Recent studies have shown the importance of circadian time-keeping mechanisms in peripheral tissues, which can be influenced by feeding practices on dairy farms and affect milk yield and efficiency.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2023)