Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study describes the morphology of the human perihypoglossal nuclei (PHN) from mid-gestation to the perinatal period. The results show that the dorsal and ventral PHN can be identified at mid-gestation, and the topographic relationships of the four nuclei are conserved until the perinatal period. The characteristic neuronal cytoarchitecture of each group is rapidly formed by 28-30 postmenstrual weeks.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sih-Rong Wu, Jessica C. Butts, Matthew S. Caudill, Jean-Pierre Revelli, Ryan S. Dhindsa, Mark A. Durham, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Summary: The transcription factor Atoh1 plays a crucial role in the development and function of PN neurons, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The study also uncovers six previously unknown PN subtypes and demonstrates their differential vulnerability to loss of Atoh1 function.
Article
Biology
Peilin Zhao, Tao Jiang, Huading Wang, Xueyan Jia, Anan Li, Hui Gong, Xiangning Li
Summary: By studying the detailed morphology of pontine-tegmental cholinergic neurons (PTCNs), we found that these neurons have abundant axons and collaterals, and can project to multiple brain regions in both the ascending and descending circuits, including the thalamus and cortex. Based on labeling in different circuits, PTCNs can be classified into four subtypes. These findings provide important organizational characteristics of cholinergic neurons in the upper brainstem to understand their connexional logic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chen Ran, Jack C. Boettcher, Judith A. Kaye, Catherine E. Gallori, Stephen D. Liberles
Summary: The nervous system uses various coding strategies to process sensory inputs. However, the principles underlying sensory processing by the interoceptive nervous system are not well understood. In this study, researchers used a two-photon calcium imaging method to investigate how internal organs are represented in the brainstem. They found that individual neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are tuned to detect signals from specific organs and are organized based on body position. Additionally, inputs from the same organ converge centrally in the NTS. These findings reveal key organizational features used by the brain to process interoceptive inputs.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Emmanuelle Courtiol, Edenia C. Menezes, Catia M. Teixeira
Summary: Serotonin plays a critical role in development and behavior, with its involvement in reward being a topic of debate. Classical studies using electrical stimulation and pharmacological approaches have produced contradictory results on the role of serotonin in reward. More recent optogenetic studies suggest that activation of the serotonergic cells in the Raphe to VTA pathway can mediate reinforcement learning through the excitation of dopaminergic neurons. Understanding the interaction between the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems is crucial for insights into neuropsychiatric disorders.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Ksenia Vlasov, JunZhu Pei, Christa J. Nehs, Jennifer A. Guidera, Edlyn R. Zhang, Jonathan D. Kenny, Timothy T. Houle, Gary J. Brenner, Norman E. Taylor, Ken Solt
Summary: This study suggests that GABAergic neurons in the RMTg and other brainstem regions promote sedation and facilitate sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Christine Liu, Amanda J. Tose, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Yichen Zhu, Lilly W. Tang, Johannes W. de Jong, Jessica X. Du, Kevin T. Beier, Stephan Lammel
Summary: Nicotine stimulates the dopamine system and has aversive effects at high doses. This study found that high doses of nicotine cause inhibitory and excitatory responses in VTA DA neurons, which can be separated by projections to different subregions. The aversive effects involve desensitization of a4b2 receptors and activation of a7 receptors, as well as the activation of upstream GABA neurons in the LDT. Inhibiting these GABA neurons prevents nicotine aversion.
Review
Neurosciences
Roberto Leiras, Jared M. Cregg, Ole Kiehn
Summary: This review examines recent advances in understanding the brainstem circuits involved in controlling locomotion. The study highlights the importance of delineated command circuits and the need to establish functional connections between these circuits and other brain areas. The unresolved issues regarding the integrated function of locomotor control are also discussed.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
S. A. Holmes, A. Kim, D. Borsook
Summary: The human motor system has the capacity to act as an internal form of analgesia through either indirect or direct activation of the motor axis. Current research focuses on evaluating the effects of motor activation on acute and chronic pain, providing a basis for reducing pain symptom loads for patients. Future research directions in this area are also proposed.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anastasia Brodovskaya, Tamal Batabyal, Shinnosuke Shiono, Huayu Sun, Jaideep Kapur
Summary: This study investigates the role of the thalamus and corpus callosum in bilateral cortical synchronization. The findings suggest that the thalamus generates bilateral sleep spindles and primarily generalized absence seizures, while the corpus callosum mediates the spread of seizures bilaterally.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ludwig Ruder, Riccardo Schina, Harsh Kanodia, Sara Valencia-Garcia, Chiara Pivetta, Silvia Arber
Summary: The brainstem plays a key role in controlling body movements, especially skilled forelimb movements. By studying latRM populations, researchers have found that neuronal tuning in this region can affect forelimb actions, with excitatory latRM neurons influencing recruitment of brainstem and spinal cord circuits in different ways. Additionally, optogenetic stimulation of projection-stratified latRM populations can elicit diverse forelimb movements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celine Cont, Eckart Zimmermann
Summary: The article discusses how perceptual estimates can be derived through motor coordinates, showing that each post-saccadic error biases visual localization in a serially dependent manner. By inducing an artificial de-alignment between visual and motor space, the study found that post-saccadic error information clearly realigned visual and motor space, demonstrating the direct influence of every saccade on object perception in the world. The results support the idea that motor signals play a role in arranging visual space and are consistent with recent electrophysiological findings in the posterior parietal cortex related to post-saccadic error processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hao Yang, XiaoLi Yang, SiLu Yan, ZhongKui Sun
Summary: This study constructs a neural mass model to explore the effects of acetylcholine deficiency on neural oscillation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the perspective of neurocomputation. The results show that decreasing synapse connectivity in the cholinergic pathway or the glutamatergic synapse pathway significantly alters neural oscillation, supporting the hypothesis that cholinergic deficiency is a promising pathophysiological origin of EEG slowing in AD. The analysis suggests that targeting the cholinergic system may have potential prospects in early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Melike Kahya, Dawn Hackman, Laura Jacobs, Daniel Nilsson, Yvonne Rumsey, Lars I. E. Oddsson
Summary: This narrative review provides an overview of wearable technologies/devices that use noninvasive peripheral neuromodulation to improve mobility and gait function in adults over the age of 65. The study identifies three main categories of technologies: sensory substitution, sensory augmentation (open loop, closed loop), and motor stimulation. The results indicate that these technologies can address various aspects of mobility, such as gait function, fall risk, foot drop, navigating environment, and postural control. Overall, wearable peripheral neuromodulation technologies show promise in improving mobility for older adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jose Luis Ferran, Luis Puelles
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Carmen Diaz, Luis Puelles
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Luis Puelles, Petr Tvrdik, Margaret Martinez-de-la-torre
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Neurosciences
Luis Puelles, Antonia Alonso, Elena Garcia-Calero, Margaret Martinez-de-la-Torre
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ana Lambertos, Rafael Penafiel
Article
Neurosciences
Luis Puelles, Carmen Diaz, Thorsten Stuhmer, Jose L. Ferran, Margaret Martinez-de la Torre, John L. R. Rubenstein
Summary: This study provides a thorough analysis of mouse prethalamic histogenetic subdivisions and nuclear derivatives, using a transgenic mouse line expressing LacZ under the control of Dlx5/6-LacZ. The research proposes a model for the prethalamic region, including rostrocaudal and dorsoventral subdivisions and radial stratification, with each cell population showing a characteristic molecular profile.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Bruguier, Rodrigo Suarez, Paul Manger, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Andrew M. Shelton, David K. Oliver, Adam M. Packer, Jose L. Ferran, Fernando Garcia-Moreno, Luis Puelles, Zoltan Molnar
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Elena Garcia-Calero, Lara Lopez-Gonzalez, Margaret Martinez-de-la-Torre, Chen-Ming Fan, Luis Puelles
Summary: The study reveals that Sim1-expressing cells may originate from the alar hypothalamus, migrate through the HyA pathway to the amygdala region, and interconnect with the Tbr1-expressing migration stream to form NLOT2. The generation of these cells involves a variety of required gene functions.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rosana Reyes-Pinto, Jose L. Ferran, Tomas Vega-Zuniga, Cristian Gonzalez-Cabrera, Harald Luksch, Jorge Mpodozis, Luis Puelles, Gonzalo J. Marin
Summary: In this study, we investigated the neurotransmitter identity development of avian Ipc neurons and found that they express different types of mRNAs at different developmental stages, with a gradual decrease in VAChT mRNA expression as development progresses. Additionally, the morphology of Ipc axons undergoes significant changes, and the labeling of ChAT protein is mainly restricted to sparse portions of the terminal branches.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jose Luis Ferran, Manuel Irimia, Luis Puelles
Summary: This essay re-examines the unique rostrally elongated notochord described in amphioxus and proposes an alternative interpretation that it represents a variant form of the prechordal plate. The author compares the observed patterns and gene expression patterns with those of other vertebrates and concludes that the hypothesis of a prechordal nature of the elongated amphioxus notochord is consistent with the evidence presented.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Luis Puelles
Summary: The paper discusses the hypothesis of homology between the claustro-insular complex in vertebrates, particularly birds and reptiles, based on the comparison of molecular markers and structural features. The findings suggest that there are comparable pallial sectors in the avian and reptilian pallium, supporting the notion of a homologous claustro-insular complex. This has important implications for understanding the evolution of the vertebrate pallium.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Luis Puelles
Summary: The traditional columnar brain model has hindered the understanding of causal relationships in the visual system and diverted attention from molecular developmental advances. The prosomeric model provides researchers with the opportunity to address these issues.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jose A. Amat, Margaret Martinez-de-la-Torre, Carmen Maria Trujillo, Barbara Fernandez, Luis Puelles
Summary: Neurogenesis in the developing brain manifests heterotopically, with similar steps occurring in different locations at different times, possibly due to early molecular regionalization and a combination of active/repressed genes. There is overall heterochrony between brain regions, with some species-specific differences in neuromeric heterochrony possibly related to morphogenetic properties. The observed AChE differentiation patterns show a close correlation with genetic patterns.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Carmen Diaz, Margaret Martinez de la Torre, John L. R. Rubenstein, Luis Puelles
Summary: In this study, the researchers analyzed the expression patterns of 59 molecular markers in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of mice. They identified different molecularly distinct sectors within the LH and found that these sectors correlated with previously postulated hypothalamic progenitor domains. The study provides insights into the connectivity and function of the LH.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)