Review
Physiology
Kensaku Mori, Hitoshi Sakano
Summary: In mammals, odor information is converted to a topographic map in the olfactory bulb, which is then transmitted to the olfactory cortex by mitral cells and tufted cells for behavioral outputs. Distinct subsets of mitral cells directly transmit odor signals from specific functional domains to specific amygdala nuclei to elicit innate behavioral responses. Learned decisions involve input signals transmitted by tufted cells and mitral cells to the olfactory cortex and are linked to memory-based behavioral responses through behavioral scene cells in relation to the respiratory cycle.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 83
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huijuan Zhang, Xuejing Lu, Yanzhi Bi, Li Hu
Summary: The study found that for right-handed individuals, the perceived intensity and most brain responses to nociceptive stimuli were significantly higher when delivered to the left hand (i.e., non-dominant hand) compared to the right hand (i.e., dominant hand), while no significant differences were observed for other sensory modalities. This laterality in sensitivity may help the non-dominant hand react more quickly to harmful events.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Laura J. Speed, Marc Brybaert
Summary: This study introduces a new set of sensory modality norms for over 24,000 Dutch words, including six perceptual modalities. The norms can predict word processing behavior and outperform existing ratings of sensory experience. The data serve as a valuable resource for research into the relationship between language and perception.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace M. Clements, Mate Gyurkovics, Kathy A. Low, Arthur F. Kramer, Diane M. Beck, Monica Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton
Summary: EEG alpha power can reflect the demand of visual attention and also process stimuli in other sensory modalities, including hearing. The study found that alpha dynamics during an auditory task varied with competition from the visual modality, suggesting its involvement in multimodal processing. When preparing to attend to the auditory modality, greater alpha suppression was induced during switching compared to repeating, indicating a switch effect. No switch effect was observed when preparing to attend to visual information. This study suggests that alpha band activity can index a general attention control mechanism used across modalities.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Thi-Dung Tran, Ngoc-Huynh Ho, Sudarshan Pant, Hyung-Jeong Yang, Soo-Hyung Kim, Gueesang Lee
Summary: Humans can determine subtle emotions from various indicators and surroundings. However, existing research on emotion recognition mainly focuses on recognizing the emotions of speakers. Thus, this paper proposes a novel multimodal approach for predicting emotions from missing modalities.
Article
Biology
Julia U. Deere, Arvin A. Sarkissian, Meifeng Yang, Hannah A. Uttley, Nicole Martinez Santana, Lam Nguyen, Kaushiki Ravi, Anita Devineni
Summary: A fundamental question in sensory processing is how different channels of sensory input are processed to regulate behavior. We investigated this question in the Drosophila bitter taste system and found that bitter neurons converged onto common downstream pathways to drive similar behaviors, but also showed biased convergence and activated separate pathways. Furthermore, we discovered that different bitter inputs are selectively integrated early in the circuit and then diverge into multiple pathways with different roles.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Pfeffer, Adrian Ponce-Alvarez, Konstantinos Tsetsos, Thomas Meindertsma, Christoffer Julius Gahnstroem, Ruud Lucas van den Brink, Guido Nolte, Andreas Karl Engel, Gustavo Deco, Tobias Hinrich Donner
Summary: The study reveals distinct effects of catecholamines and acetylcholine on interactions between cortical areas in the human brain. While an increase in catecholamine levels enhances interactions, an increase in acetylcholine levels decreases interactions. This can be explained by differential changes in two circuit properties.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Annapoorna Kuppuswamy
Summary: Chronic fatigue is a significant symptom in various diseases, but there is no unified framework to explain it. This narrative review investigates the role of selective attention in the development of chronic fatigue and discusses results within the sensory attenuation model of fatigue. The findings suggest that poor selective attention is associated with increased levels of chronic fatigue in multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson's disease. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to determine the direction of causality. Future research should focus on establishing causality and exploring attentional circuitry as a potential therapeutic target.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Xinran Zhang, Xiaoyu Shi, Yutaro Iwamoto, Jingliang Cheng, Jie Bai, Guohua Zhao, Xian-hua Han, Yen-Wei Chen
Summary: In this paper, a radiomics associated modality attention network is proposed to predict the IDH mutation status in gliomas using multi-modality MRI images. The method calculates the importance weights of each modality and uses weighted images for prediction. A lightweight self-attention network and association of radiomics features are utilized for improving classification accuracy.
Article
Neurosciences
Bjoern Machner, Lara Braun, Jonathan Imholz, Philipp J. Koch, Thomas F. Muente, Christoph Helmchen, Andreas Sprenger
Summary: Variability in cognitive performance is related to differences in brain networks. Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) within the dorsal attention network (DAN) can predict individual performance in spatial attention tasks. Task engagement leads to changes in FC-behavior correlations within the DAN. These findings suggest that the DAN is related to individual performance in spatial attention tasks and that behavioral experiences can shape intrinsic brain activity.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amy E. Margolis, David Pagliaccio, Bruce Ramphal, Sarah Banker, Lauren Thomas, Morgan Robinson, Masato Honda, Tamara Sussman, Jonathan Posner, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Julie Herbstman, Virginia Rauh, Rachel Marsh
Summary: Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may have detrimental effects on children's brain structure and function, affecting cognitive control and attention. The study results show that children exposed to ETS had smaller thalamic and inferior frontal gyrus volumes, and exhibited increased brain activation during cognitive conflict resolution.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shunya Kurokawa, Kensuke Nomura, Katsuma Miyaho, Kenji Sanada, Chiaki Iwamoto, Minori Naraoka, Shintaro Yoneda, Yoshihiro Tomizawa, Yukinori Sawae, Ryuichiro Iwanaga, Masaru Mimura, Taishiro Kishimoto
Summary: Behavioral problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders are directly affected by factors such as gastrointestinal symptoms and sensory abnormalities. Clinicians and caregivers should pay more attention to these factors, as they may independently contribute to behavioral issues that impact quality of life. Further studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between these factors and behavioral problems.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sophie-Charlotte Fabig, Dilara Kersebaum, Josephine Lassen, Manon Sendel, Swantje Jendral, Alexandra Muntean, Ralf Baron, Philipp Huellemann
Summary: The study aimed to establish an objective neurophysiological test protocol to assess the somatosensory nervous system, finding functional loss in patients with polyneuropathy through the application of various stimuli. Despite technical challenges, preliminary patient data appear promising for potential future clinical applications.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
S. A. Holmes, A. Kim, D. Borsook
Summary: The human motor system has the capacity to act as an internal form of analgesia through either indirect or direct activation of the motor axis. Current research focuses on evaluating the effects of motor activation on acute and chronic pain, providing a basis for reducing pain symptom loads for patients. Future research directions in this area are also proposed.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xuqiang Zhuang, Fang'al Liu, Jian Hou, Jianhua Hao, Xiaohong Cai
Summary: In this paper, a Modality Attention Fusion framework with Hybrid Multi-head Self-attention (MAF-HMS) is proposed for video question answering. The experiments show that the model outperforms baseline methods on multiple scene datasets.
Review
Neurosciences
Kara K. Cover, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: The chemical synapse is the primary form of contact between neurons in the central nervous system, with axo-axonic synapses being an atypical type that play significant roles in neural signaling and functional neural circuit motifs.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
David B. Yaden, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths, Manoj Doss, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Sandeep Nayak, Natalie Gukasayan, Brian N. Mathur, Fredrick S. Barrett
Summary: This article discusses the effects of psychedelic substances on consciousness, suggesting that they may not be able to explain the "hard problem of consciousness" but can advance research on many specific aspects of consciousness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Paige N. McKeon, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: The study investigates the effects of activation of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor at specific subcellular locations within a single neural circuit, showing that the location of the receptor determines the behavioral outcome, with striatonigral mitochondrial CB1 driving catalepsy and striatonigral plasma membrane CB1 receptors enabling antinociception.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Kara K. Cover, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: The thalamic rostral intralaminar nuclei (rILN) play a crucial role in neural functions and behaviors related to arousal, pain, executive function, and action control. Their integration of arousal, executive, and motor feedback information, along with their projections to various brain regions, allows the rILN to modulate cognitive and motor resources to meet task-dependent behavioral engagement demands.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Manoj K. Doss, Maxwell B. Madden, Andrew Gaddis, Mary Beth Nebel, Roland R. Griffiths, Brian N. Mathur, Frederick S. Barrett
Summary: Classic psychedelic drugs have potential in treating psychiatric disorders, and the involvement of the serotonin 2A receptor and the cerebral cortex is crucial in their action. Different models, including the CSTC model, REBUS model, and CCC model, have been proposed to explain the impact of 5-HT2A activation on neural systems during psychedelic drug effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Paige N. McKeon, Garrett W. Bunce, Mary H. Patton, Rong Chen, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: Fast-spiking interneurons in the dorsal striatum regulate actions and action strategies, with synchronization arising from electrical synapses or convergent cortical input. In adult mice, the primary source of functional coordination of fast-spiking interneuron activity is the convergence of corticostriatal input, with electrical synapses providing only minor enhancement of synchronization.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Elisa Casaglia, Pierre-Herve Luppi
Summary: This article summarizes the progress in identifying the neuronal network and function of paradoxical sleep. The core system generating paradoxical sleep has been well identified, and the role of the forebrain, specifically the hypothalamus and basolateral amygdala, needs further clarification. The study also discusses cortical activation during paradoxical sleep and its relationship with memory consolidation and forgetting. It proposes that paradoxical sleep may play a crucial role in processing emotional and procedural memories. The presence of muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep supports its role in procedural memory and sensorimotor system development.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Maxwell B. Madden, Brent W. Stewart, Michael G. White, Samuel R. Krimmel, Houman Qadir, Frederick S. Barrett, David A. Seminowicz, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: Early hypotheses of claustrum function suggested its involvement in processes ranging from salience detection to multisensory integration for perceptual binding. However, these views have inherent incompatibilities that need to be reconciled. This review proposes a novel functional model, Network Instantiation in Cognitive Control (NICC), which suggests that the frontal cortices direct the claustrum to flexibly instantiate cortical networks to support cognitive control.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Houman Qadir, Brent W. Stewart, Jonathan W. VanRyzin, Qiong Wu, Shuo Chen, David A. Seminowicz, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: Spatially distant areas of the cerebral cortex coordinate their activity into networks, with a common structural motif of co-activation of frontal and posterior cortical regions. Using fMRI in mice, this study reveals significant functional connectivity between the frontal and posterior cortical regions and the subcortical nucleus called the claustrum. Moreover, synaptic connectivity from frontal cortices to contralateral sensory and sensory association cortices through the claustrum was observed, supporting the cortical network architecture.
Article
Biology
Kara K. Cover, Abby G. Lieberman, Morgan M. Heckman, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: The dorsal striatum (DS) plays a role in selecting actions for reward, which is crucial for survival. Striatal pathology is linked to various neuropsychiatric conditions, including addiction-related aberrant reward-based action selection. The rostral intralaminar nuclei (rILN) of the thalamus, a major source of glutamate for the striatum, transmit information to support action selection, although the specifics are unknown. This study found that rILN neurons projecting to the DS receive inputs from various cortical and subcortical regions, and these neurons signal during action initiation and reward acquisition in a task involving sucrose reward. Activation of this pathway increased the number of successful trials, while inhibition decreased it, indicating the role of the rostral intralaminar nuclear complex in reinforcing actions.
Article
Neurosciences
Michael S. Patton, Samuel H. Sheats, Allison N. Siclair, Brian N. Mathur
Summary: Fast-spiking interneurons in the dorsal striatum can be modulated by ethanol, which may result in excessive activation of dopamine neurons and further promote compulsive ethanol consumption behavior.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Polymnia Georgiou, Ta-Chung M. Mou, Liam E. Potter, Xiaoxian An, Panos Zanos, Michael S. Patton, Katherine J. Pultorak, Sarah M. Clark, Vien Ngyuyen, Chris F. Powels, Katalin Prokai-Tatrai, Istvan Merchenthaler, Laszlo Prokai, Margaret M. McCarthy, Brian N. Mathur, Todd D. Gould
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Brian Mathur
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
P. N. McKeon, M. H. Patton, K. E. Padgett, B. N. Mathur
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
M. S. Patton, M. Heckman, C. Kim, C. Mu, B. N. Mathur
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)