Applications of Nanomaterials and Biological Materials in Bioenergy

Bioenergy includes biodiesel, bio gasoline, bioethanol, bio butanol, hydrogen, and many others. The demand is increasing due to many advantages of bioenergy such as greenhouse gas emission reduction, renewable source of energy, and long term durability. Use of nanomaterials and biological materials in production of biofuel/bioenergy increases efficiency and reduces the process cost. Some biological materials in living organisms can be utilized to extract bioenergy, and the extracted energy can be used in implantable biomedical devices. Efficiency has been improved by nanocatalysts in production of biodiesel using animal fats and vegetable oils as feedstock. Materials at nano-level enhance the efficiency of catalyst. Need of nanotechnology is due to interaction of matter with atomic or molecular precision. Smaller particles give more surface area to interact as compared to larger size of same weight. Thus, the activity is highly enhanced in nanoscale materials.