Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kaidireyahan Wumaier, Wenqian Li, Jiuwei Cui
Summary: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, decreased quality of life, and higher economic burden. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWHs) has been the standard treatment for cancer-associated VTE, but the introduction of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offers another option for some cancer patients with thrombosis. A more comprehensive understanding of drug properties, efficacy and safety, and economic analysis is needed to choose the most appropriate treatment.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Emmanouela Kampouraki, Peter Avery, Tina Biss, Hilary Wynne, Farhad Kamali
Summary: The study found that there is significant variability in drug exposure among elderly patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), with factors such as dosage, renal function, and gender contributing to a third of the variability in DOAC plasma concentrations. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the observed increase in DOAC exposure in older patients is the cause of their increased risk of bleeding, which could potentially be alleviated through dosing titration.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rachel P. Rosovsky, Eva Kline-Rogers, Leslie Lake, Tracy Minichiello, Gregory Piazza, Bishoy Ragheb, Beth Waldron, Daniel M. Witt, Stephan Moll
Summary: In clinical practice, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used for venous thromboembolism treatment and prevention. The use of DOACs in obese patients is still controversial, with limited supporting data previously. There are also evidence gaps regarding the treatment of severe obesity and the appropriate use of DOACs in different situations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Brandon Lui, Benjamin Wee, Jeffrey Lai, Zille Khattak, Anna Kwok, Cynthia Donarelli, Prahlad Ho, Hui Yin Lim
Summary: The study found that the treatment outcomes for VTE improved over time, with reduced rates of thrombotic recurrence and clinically significant bleeding complications in the DOAC era compared to the warfarin era.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marco Schiavone, Alessio Gasperetti, Massimo Mancone, Antonio Curnis, Giosue Mascioli, Gianfranco Mitacchione, Mattia Busana, Federica Sabato, Cecilia Gobbi, Spinello Antinori, Massimo Galli, Giovanni Battista Forleo
Summary: The study investigated the impact of OAC and heparin treatment on COVID-19 patients, showing that OAC was ineffective in reducing mortality rate, while heparin had a protective effect in severe lung disease, potentially indicating a crucial role of microthrombosis in the disease. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ho Soo Chun, A. Reum Choe, Minjong Lee, Yuri Cho, Hwi Young Kim, Kwon Yoo, Tae Hun Kim
Summary: For patients with cirrhosis, the prevalence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) can be up to 26%, making anticoagulation an important consideration for prevention and management. While there is a paradigm shift towards using direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for PVT treatment in cirrhosis patients, the safety and efficacy of DOACs in this population is not well-known.
CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Hematology
Allen Li, Ming Chan Zhang, Pei Li, Ali Eshaghpour, Katherine Li, Marc Carrier, Philip Wells, Mark Andrew Crowther
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), vitamin-k antagonists (VKAs), or no anticoagulation in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). The results showed that DOACs were more effective than VKAs in non-cirrhotic patients and had a reduced risk of major bleeding compared to observation, LMWHs, and VKAs. However, no difference in major bleeding was found between DOACs and other treatment options in cirrhotic patients.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Davide Voci, Andrea Gotschi, Ulrike Held, Roland Bingisser, Giuseppe Colucci, Daniel Duerschmied, Riccardo M. Fumagalli, Bernhard Gerber, Barbara Hasse, Dagmar I. Keller, Stavros V. Konstantinides, Francois Mach, Silvana K. Rampini, Marc Righini, Helia Robert-Ebadi, Thomas Rosemann, Stephanie Roth-Zetzsche, Tim Sebastian, Noemi R. Simon, David Spirk, Stefan Stortecky, Lukas Vaisnora, Nils Kucher, Stefano Barco
Summary: The benefits of early thromboprophylaxis in symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients remain unclear. This study presents the 90-day results from the OVID phase III trial, which showed that early thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin did not improve the course of COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, death, or resolution of symptoms.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Gregory M. Gressel, Jenna Z. Marcus, Mary M. Mullen, Abdulrahman K. Sinno
Summary: This article discusses the use of DOAC in patients with gynecologic malignancies, providing clinical data and evidence quality, although studies were primarily conducted in mixed cancer subtype populations. Due to limited data on gynecologic cancer patients, the study results still provide the best evidence for current treatment recommendations.
GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christina E. DeRemer, Eric A. Dietrich, Hye-Rim Kang, Pei-Lin Huang, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Haesuk Park
Summary: This study provides evidence that apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily is an alternative option for extended phase therapy for risk reduction of VTE recurrence compared to apixaban 5 mg twice daily.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Guerrero, Laura del Campo, Fabio Piscaglia, Bernhard Scheiner, Guohong Han, Francesco Violi, Carlos-Noronha Ferreira, Luis Tellez, Thomas Reiberger, Stefania Basili, Javier Zamora, Agustin Albillos
Summary: This study used an individual patient data meta-analysis to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in the recanalization of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis. Anticoagulation reduces all-cause mortality, but at the expense of increasing non-portal hypertension-related bleeding.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Caitlin M. Gibson, Courtney Hall, Sondra Davis, Jessica M. Schillig
Summary: Standard fixed-dose enoxaparin dosing regimens may not provide adequate prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism among obese hospitalized patients. Escalated dosing regimens of enoxaparin, both weight-based and twice-daily, appear to be effective at achieving target anti-factor Xa levels with no safety concerns. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these results.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Andrew W. Swartz, Jan Drappatz
Summary: This study found that patients with brain tumors using DOACs experienced fewer major bleeding events compared to those using LMWH, with similar efficacy, suggesting that DOACs are a safe and effective treatment option for these patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maria Cristina Vedovati, Gregor Tratar, Alenka Mavri, Matteo Mazzetti, Vladimir Salazar Rosa, Lucia Pierpaoli, Marilena Cotugno, Giancarlo Agnelli, Cecilia Becattini
Summary: The study found that the use of DOACs for UEDVT treatment is feasible, effective, and safe, with patients with active cancer being more likely to delay the initiation of DOACs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ming-Lung Tsai, Cheng-Hung Lee, Ming-Jer Hsieh, Shao-Wei Chen, Shang-Hung Chang, Chi-Nan Tseng, Pao-Hsien Chu, I-Chang Hsieh, Po-Chuan Ko, Yu-Tung Huang, Dong-Yi Chen
Summary: The comparison of clinical effectiveness and safety of different nonvitamin K antagonist direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Asian patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear. Real-world practice in Asian patients showed that the type of DOAC did not affect the risk of recurrent VTE or major bleeding within 12 months of treatment initiation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiva T. Radhakrishnan, Kate I. Gallagher, Benjamin H. Mullish, Jose I. Serrano-Contreras, James L. Alexander, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Nathan P. Danckert, Maria Valdivia-Garcia, Billy J. Hopkins, Anik Ghai, Azad Ayub, Jia V. Li, Julian R. Marchesi, Horace R. T. Williams
Summary: Rectal swabs can be a reliable alternative to faecal sampling for analyzing the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James L. Alexander, Benjamin H. Mullish, Nathan P. Danckert, Zhigang Liu, Marton L. Olbei, Aamir Saifuddin, Melissa Torkizadeh, Hajir Ibraheim, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Lauren A. Roberts, Claire M. Bewshea, Rachel Nice, Simeng Lin, Hemanth Prabhudev, Caroline Sands, Verena Horneffer-van der Sluis, Matthew Lewis, Shaji Sebastian, Charlie W. Lees, Julian P. Teare, Ailsa Hart, James R. Goodhand, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Tamas Korcsmaros, Julian R. Marchesi, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell
Summary: Gut microbiota and metabolome variation may explain variable serological response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed IBD patients. Lower gut microbiota diversity was associated with poorer response, while certain microbial taxa and metabolites were associated with better or poorer response. This study suggests a potential role for gut microbiota and metabolites in modulating the immune response.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Josepmaria Argemi, Maria U. Latasa, Stephen R. Atkinson, Ilya O. Blokhin, Veronica Massey, Joel P. Gue, Joaquin Cabezas, Juan J. Lozano, Derek Van Booven, Aaron Bell, Sheng Cao, Lawrence A. Vernetti, Juan P. Arab, Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Lia R. Edmunds, Constantino Fondevila, Peter Starkel, Laurent Dubuquoy, Alexandre Louvet, Gemma Odena, Juan L. Gomez, Tomas Aragon, Jose Altamirano, Juan Caballeria, Michael J. Jurczak, D. Lansing Taylor, Carmen Berasain, Claes Wahlestedt, Satdarshan P. Monga, Marsha Y. Morgan, Pau Sancho-Bru, Philippe Mathurin, Shinji Furuya, Carolin Lackner, Ivan Rusyn, Vijay H. Shah, Mark R. Thursz, Jelena Mann, Matias A. Avila, Ramon Bataller
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberta Forlano, Giordano Sigon, Benjamin H. Mullish, Michael Yee, Pinelopi Manousou
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of abnormal liver function tests globally, with a prevalence of 19-46% in the general population. It is expected to become a leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the future. Detecting NAFLD early in primary care is of great interest, but there are uncertainties regarding screening policies due to limitations in non-invasive markers, cost-effectiveness, and lack of licensed treatment.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Carlo Airola, Andrea Severino, Serena Porcari, William Fusco, Benjamin H. Mullish, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: The human gut contains various microorganisms that play a crucial role in maintaining health. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is associated with several diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been traditionally used to modulate the gut microbiota for beneficial effects. However, other molecules, including rifaximin and natural compounds, have also shown potential in restoring microbiota balance.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mark Thursz, Fouzia Sadiq, Julia A. Tree, Peter Karayiannis, David W. C. Beasley, Wanwissa Dejnirattisai, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin Screaton, Matthew Wand, Michael J. Elmore, Miles W. Carroll, Ian Matthews, Howard Thomas
Summary: PDE12 inhibitors, such as CO-17 and CO-63, have been identified as potential antiviral drugs, reducing the replication of various viruses including DENV, HCV, WNV, and SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitors are well tolerated at therapeutic concentrations and have shown antiviral properties in both human cells and animal models.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mark Thursz, Fouzia Sadiq, Julia A. Tree, Peter Karayiannis, David W. C. Beasley, Wanwissa Dejnirattisai, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin Screaton, Matthew Wand, Michael J. Elmore, Miles W. Carroll, Ian Matthews, Howard Thomas
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gibril Ndow, Erwan Vo-Quang, Yusuke Shimakawa, Amie Ceesay, Saydiba Tamba, Harr F. Njai, Lamin Bojang, Charlotte Hateley, Yuki Takao, Emmanuel Opoku, Zakary Warsop, Patrick Ingiliz, Umberto D'Alessandro, Isabelle Chemin, Maimuna Mendy, Mark Thursz, Ramou Njie, Maud Lemoine
Summary: This study examines the characteristics and outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in The Gambia and investigates the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the survival of HBV-infected patients with cirrhosis. The results show that patients with cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher survival rate compared to patients with both conditions. In HBV-infected patients with cirrhosis, TDF treatment is associated with improved survival.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Trishan Vaikunthanathan, Emmanuelle Landmann, Diana Marin Correa, Marco Romano, Silvia Cellone Trevelin, Qi Peng, Elena Crespo, Mauro Corrado, Juan-Jose Lozano, Erika L. Pearce, Elena Perpinan, Anna Zoccarato, Leonard Siew, Joy Edwards-Hicks, Reenam Khan, Nguyet-Thin Luu, Mark R. Thursz, Philip N. Newsome, Marc Martinez-Llordella, Naina Shah, Robert I. Lechler, Ajay M. Shah, Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo, Giovanna Lombardi, Niloufar Safinia
Summary: This study reveals that functional redox homeostasis is crucial for the function, stability, and survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Targeting Treg-specific antioxidant pathways may have therapeutic potential to reverse Treg impairment in conditions of oxidative damage such as advanced liver disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew A. Churchward, Emily R. Michaud, Benjamin H. Mullish, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Isabel Garcia Perez, Julian R. Marchesi, Huiping Xu, Dina Kao, Kathryn G. Todd
Summary: The intestinal microbiota may affect human mental health and cognition through the gut-brain axis. Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) patients often experience depressive symptoms, which can be improved with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, the mechanism behind this association is not well understood. Short-chain fatty acids and carboxylic acids (SCCA) produced by the gut microbiota have been suggested to contribute to gut-brain communication, and changes in serum SCCA after successful FMT for rCDI may influence the inflammatory response of microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Benjamin H. Mullish, Nathan P. Danckert, Ria Patel, Sophie L. Irwin, Stavros Dimitriadis, Sam M. Murray, Roberta Forlano, Lauren Roberts, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Sian Faustini, Alex G. Richter, Nick Powell, Mark R. Thursz, Pinelopi Manousou, Eleanor Barnes, Julian Marchesi, Thomas Marjot, James L. Alexander
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giordano Sigon, Roberta Forlano, Benjamin H. Mullish, Jian Huang, Michael Yee, Robert D. Goldin, Mark Thursz, Pinelopi Manousou
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lindsey A. Edwards, Charlotte Woodhouse, Sunjae Lee, Benjamin H. Mullish, Theo Portlock, Lilianeleny Meoli, Victoria Kronsten, Julian Marchesi, Ane Zamalloa, Thomas Tranah, Vishal Patel, Saeed Shoaie, Simon Goldenberg, Debbie L. Shawcross
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Roberta Forlano, Laura Martinez-Gili, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Charlotte Skinner, Mark Thursz, Julian Marchesi
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Roberta Forlano, Nila Jambulingam, Benjamin Preston, Benjamin H. Mullish, Greta Portone, Yama Baheer, Michael Yee, Robert D. Goldin, Mark Thursz, Pinelopi Manousou
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
