Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maigen Bethea, Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer, Darleen A. Sandoval
Summary: Historically, the function and metabolic adaptation of alpha-cells have been understudied, but there is a growing interest in understanding their contributions to overall glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the paracrine role of alpha-cell-derived GLP-1 in regulating glucose homeostasis and responses to metabolic stress. Research challenges the traditional view of alpha-cell biology and suggests that glucagon plays a critical role in regulating both hyper- and hypoglycemic responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony J. M. Verberne, Bashair M. Mussa
Summary: Pancreatic peptide hormone secretion is regulated by parasympathetic and hypothalamic inputs. The glucose counter-regulatory response is impaired in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The disinhibition of perifornical orexin neurons leads to increased secretion of glucagon during hypoglycemia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aedan Brown, Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
Summary: Insulin and glucagon play important roles in blood sugar homeostasis. Glucagon increases glucose levels by acting on the liver, while insulin promotes sugar uptake by peripheral tissues. However, the interaction between alpha- and beta-cells in the pancreas is not fully understood. This study developed a model to investigate the response of pancreatic cells to glucose under different conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Claudio Andres Carril Pardo, Laura Massoz, Marie A. Dupont, David Bergemann, Jordane Bourdouxhe, Arnaud Lavergne, Estefania Tarifeno-Saldivia, Christian S. M. Helker, Didier Y. R. Stainier, Bernard Peers, Marianne M. Voz, Isabelle Manfroid
Summary: Studying zebrafish, which have a high regenerative capacity, researchers found that most new insulin cells formed after beta-cell destruction differ from the original beta-cells as they coexpress Somatostatin and Insulin. These abundant and functional bihormonal cells were able to normalize glycemia and contribute to diabetes recovery.
Article
Oncology
Noriko Tagawa, Honoka Ogura, Hikaru Miyawaki, Akihiro Asakawa, Ikuo Kato
Summary: This study found that peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 increased blood concentrations of GLP-1 and insulin, and decreased blood glucose concentrations in food-deprived mice. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that nesfatin-1 increased insulin concentrations by accelerating GLP-1 secretion. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic value of nesfatin-1 for GLP-1 release.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jie Min, Feiyang Ma, Berfin Seyran, Matteo Pellegrini, Oppel Greeff, Salvador Moncada, Slavica Tudzarova
Summary: HIF-1α and PFKFB3 play a critical role in the survival of damaged beta-cells in type-2 diabetes and make them unresponsive to glucose stimulation. In mice with conditional deletion of Pfkfb3 in beta-cells, damaged beta-cells were selectively purged, resulting in the disappearance of bihormonal cells. PFKFB3 disruption led to increased beta-cell replication. High or low diabetogenic stress reversed glucose intolerance in PFKFB3(beta KO) mice. These findings suggest that the replication and functional recovery of beta-cells under stress depend on the competitive and selective purification of HIF-1α and PFKFB3-positive cells.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph L. Napoli
Summary: This review discusses the effects of fasting and re-feeding on retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis and functions, as well as the sexually dimorphic actions of RA. It also explores less-studied topics on the interactions between RA and energy-balance-regulating hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, and sex hormones. The findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of RA activities and its roles in metabolism.
Article
Cell Biology
Chien-Ting Wu, Keren Hilgendorf, Romina J. Bevacqua, Yan Hang, Janos Demeter, Seung K. Kim, Peter K. Jackson
Summary: Multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are localized to primary cilia in pancreatic islet cells, with FFAR4 and PTGER4 stimulating cAMP signaling and hormone secretion. The transport of GPCRs to cilia requires TULP3, which plays a key role in regulating hormone secretion by islet cells.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dana Reynolds, Lauren M. Mitteer, Winifred Sigal, Linda Boyajian, Heather McKnight, Tricia Bhatti, Lisa States, Susan Becker, N. Scott Adzick, Katherine Lord, Diva D. De Leon
Summary: Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is a common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in both children and adults. In this case presentation, a 17-year-old male suffered from recurrent and severe hypoglycemic episodes, which were diagnosed as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia likely caused by an insulinoma. Despite multiple imaging studies and surgical exploration, the tumor was not identified. After months of unsuccessful conventional treatment, the patient was treated with dasiglucagon, a novel soluble glucagon analog, under a single-patient Investigational New Drug. The patient tolerated the medication well and achieved appropriate glycemic control.
HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xuanxuan Bai, Jianxin Jia, Qi Kang, Yadong Fu, You Zhou, Yingbin Zhong, Chao Zhang, Mingyu Li
Summary: The study demonstrates that GCGR plays an essential role in regulating glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, with GCGR deficiency leading to alterations in amino acid and lipid metabolism in zebrafish. The findings suggest that GCGR is involved in modulating metabolic pathways and physiological processes in organisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xi Chen, Enrique Maldonado, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Devjit Tripathy
Summary: The study revealed that there is a relationship between plasma glucagon levels and insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in obese individuals. As glucose intolerance worsens, the insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion is impaired, which corresponds to the severity of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shiv Kumar, Jyoti Chhimwal, Suresh Kumar, Rahul Singh, Vikram Patial, Rituraj Purohit, Yogendra S. Padwad
Summary: This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of phenolics Phloretin (PTN) and Phlorizin (PZN) in type 2 diabetic mice. Computational docking and in vivo experiments revealed that PTN and PZN improved adipocyte function, reduced inflammation, and decreased hepatic insulin resistance by blocking PPAR? phosphorylation. Therefore, PTN and PZN may be candidates as nutraceuticals in the management of diabetes and its complications.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marion Rosello, Malo Serafini, Jean-Paul Concordet, Filippo Del Bene
Summary: The authors present a method for introducing precise substitutions into the zebrafish genome using cytosine base editing, which is a powerful CRISPR-based technology. This technique greatly advances mutagenesis possibilities, especially in zebrafish, where precise point mutations are challenging to generate. The protocol includes guide RNA design, selection of base editor variants, and generation of zebrafish mutants carrying the desired substitution.
Review
Cell Biology
Caitlin L. Maikawa, Andrea d'Aquino, Rayhan A. Lal, Bruce A. Buckingham, Eric A. Appel
Summary: This review discusses the advantages and limitations of recent drug formulation technologies in improving protein stability, pharmacokinetics, prolonging drug delivery, and enabling alternative dosage forms for diabetes management. By providing controlled delivery, these formulations have the potential to enhance closed-loop glycemic control.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Klinsmann Carolo Dos Santos, Camilla Olofsson, Joao Paulo M. C. M. Cunha, Fiona Roberts, Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina, Malin Fex, Neda Rajamand Ekberg, Peter Spegel
Summary: The study found that insulin and glucagon secretion depended on glycemic status and meal composition, while IGR depended on meal composition. Consuming a low carbohydrate diet may be beneficial for weight loss, especially in obese individuals.
Article
Developmental Biology
Crystal E. Love, Victoria E. Prince
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Neurosciences
Sarah J. Wanner, Ivan Saeger, Sarah Guthrie, Victoria E. Prince
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Developmental Biology
Oni M. Mapp, Gregory S. Walsh, Cecilia B. Moens, Masazumi Tada, Victoria E. Prince
Article
Developmental Biology
Gokhan Dalgin, Andrea B. Ward, Le T. Hao, Christine E. Beattie, Alexei Nechiporuk, Victoria E. Prince
Article
Developmental Biology
Fatma O. Kok, Andrew Taibi, Sarah J. Wanner, Xiayang Xie, Cara E. Moravec, Crystal E. Love, Victoria E. Prince, Jeff S. Mumm, Howard I. Sirotkin
Article
Developmental Biology
Sarah J. Wanner, Victoria E. Prince
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Oni M. Mapp, Sarah J. Wanner, Monica R. Rohrschneider, Victoria E. Prince
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2010)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Crystal E. Love, Victoria E. Prince
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2012)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Goekhan Dalgin, Victoria E. Prince
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefani C. Eames, Mary D. Kinkel, Sindhu Rajan, Victoria E. Prince, Louis H. Philipson
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2013)
Article
Developmental Biology
Kamil Ahsan, Noor Singh, Manuel Rocha, Christina Huang, Victoria E. Prince
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Developmental Biology
Cheng Shi, Pengfei Jiao, Zhiyi Chen, Lan Ma, Siyue Yao
Summary: This review discusses the molecular etiology of congenital craniofacial abnormalities, with a focus on the role and mechanism of noncoding RNAs in regulating craniofacial development. Aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of craniofacial abnormalities, providing potential therapeutic targets.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Hideru Togashi, Steven Ray Davis, Makoto Sato
Summary: Tile patterns, regulated by cell adhesion molecules, are regular arrangements of cells that play important functional roles in multicellular organisms. The physical constraints and cell adhesion regulate both cell shape and tissue morphogenesis.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Armen Khanbabei, Lina Segura, Cynthia Petrossian, Aaron Lemus, Ithan Cano, Courtney Frazier, Armen Halajyan, Donnie Ca, Mariano Loza-Coll
Summary: This article investigates the genetic regulatory mechanisms of Drosophila intestinal stem cells. The study found that most target genes co-regulated by Esg and STAT show a consistent gene expression pattern. However, manipulating these validated targets in vivo rarely replicated the effects of manipulating Esg and STAT, suggesting the presence of complex genetic interactions among the downstream targets of these two master regulator genes.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Bayley J. Waters, Zoe R. Birman, Matthew R. Wagner, Julia Lemanski, Barak Blum
Summary: Researchers found that conditional deletion of Robo2 in adult mice led to a significant loss of islet architecture without affecting beta cell identity or function, suggesting that Robo2 plays a role in actively maintaining adult islet architecture. Understanding the factors required for islet architecture maintenance is crucial for developing future diabetes therapies.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Rhiannon Clements, Tyler Smith, Luke Cowart, Jennifer Zhumi, Alan Sherrod, Aidan Cahill, Ginger L. Hunter
Summary: Cell protrusions play a crucial role in regulating cell activities during development. By studying the regulation mechanism in fruit fly sensory bristle patterning, it was found that Myosin XV is essential for the dynamics of signaling filopodia and promotes long-range Notch signaling.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Margaret Keating, Ryan Hagle, Daniel Osorio-Mendez, Anjelica Rodriguez-Parks, Sarah I. Almutawa, Junsu Kang
Summary: Knock-in reporter (KI) animals are essential for studying gene expression in biomedical research. This study developed a new strategy using minicircle technology and a minimal promoter to enhance knock-in events and establish stable KI transgenic reporter lines. The study also highlighted the importance of selecting the proper KI line due to potential inappropriate influence of genome editing on reporter gene expression.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Developmental Biology
Christian Altbuerger, Meta Rath, Daniel Armbruster, Wolfgang Driever
Summary: This study reveals that Neurog1 and Olig2 transcription factors have differential requirements for the development of dopaminergic neurons, and they integrate local patterning signals and Notch neurogenic selection signaling to specify the progenitor population and initiate neurogenesis and differentiation.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)