Article
Environmental Sciences
Erxing Peng, Yu Sheng, Xiaoying Hu, Dingwen Zhang, Zheng Hou
Summary: This study demonstrates that nitrogen bubbles generated by microbial denitrification process are stable in soil, and desaturation is an effective method for mitigating sand liquefaction, increasing the static liquefaction resistance of the soil.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoyu Zhang, Haibo Zhu, Zhenzhen Jiao, Zhihao Cen
Summary: Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is an environmentally friendly material that has shown great potential in soil improvement. This study found that AAS is effective in strengthening liquefiable soil and can mitigate liquefaction when used in deep soil mixing (DSM) technology.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Runze Chen, Yumin Chen, Hanlong Liu, Kunxian Zhang, Ying Zhou, Shengming Xu, Kang Wu
Summary: The study employed in situ desaturation tests with different currents at various depths and water levels to improve liquefaction resistance. Results showed significant impact on saturation of the treated foundation, with gas migration influenced by buoyancy and gas pressure. Higher electrical currents affected the uniformity and stability of gas, leading to increased saturation levels post-electrolysis.
CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jian-lei Zhang, Qian-gong Cheng, Yan Li, En-ming Zhang, Yu-feng Wang, Jiu-jiang Wu, Shang-ying Xie
Summary: A new numerical model was proposed to study the liquefaction mitigation mechanism of RCDW, validated by centrifuge tests, showing that RCDW can mitigate soil liquefaction during small earthquakes and delay liquefaction triggering during moderate and major earthquakes.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Linlin Gu, Zhen Wang, Wenxuan Zhu, Boan Jang, Xianzhang Ling, Feng Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an in-situ countermeasure to address the safety and stability issues induced by earthquake-induced liquefaction in soil structures, and numerically evaluates the seismic performance of grouting as a mitigation method. The study also finds that there is local failure on the embankment slope when grouting the saturated sandy layer, emphasizing the need for appropriate measures to protect the slope.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chuxuan Zhang, Jianhui Zeng, Luqiu Lin, Yang Peng, Xiaomin Li, Xun Gong
Summary: This study investigates the effect of magnetic separation on the quality of bio-oil, especially nitrogen content. The results show that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can enhance the yield and quality of bio-oil, and reduce the nitrogen content.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xuming Li, Yekai Chen, Chao Zou, Ying Chen
Summary: The rapid development of public transportation has reduced the distance between railway systems and buildings. As a result, environmental vibration is becoming more of a concern for human health and comfort, as well as vibration-sensitive equipment. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate the use of foundation improvement techniques to mitigate building vibration from external sources.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhiyong Zhang, Siau Chen Chian
Summary: This study proposes three mitigation measures for manhole uplift caused by soil liquefaction, including opening a drainage hole, installing a smooth permeable pile, and installing a permeable pile with spiral wings. Experimental results show that these methods can mitigate manhole uplift to different extents, with the smooth permeable pile being the most effective.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yuan Cao, Yuhei Kurimoto, Yan-Guo Zhou, Akira Ishikawa, Yunmin Chen
Summary: This study investigates the seismic response and liquefaction mitigation effect of soil-cement grid improved ground subjected to large earthquake loadings through dynamic centrifuge tests. The results show that the soil-cement grid effectively mitigates soil liquefaction and post-shaking settlements, even under very strong shakings. The interaction between the soil and the cement grid plays a significant role in reducing dynamic shear strain and enhancing the overall performance of the improved ground.
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yang Li, Masaki Kitazume, Akihiro Takahashi, Kenji Harada, Jun Ohbayashi
Summary: The study found through dynamic centrifuge tests that installing improvement zones beneath embankments can mitigate lateral displacement and reduce settlement of the embankments.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Runze Chen, Yumin Chen, Hanlong Liu, Xiaoguang Cai, Kang Wu, Zhe Zhang
Summary: Electrolysis desaturation is an effective method to improve the liquefaction resistance of liquefiable foundations. The microscopic mechanism of horizontal-layered electrolysis desaturation of calcareous sand specimens was revealed using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus. The test results demonstrate that electrolysis mainly removes free water from the specimen, with minimal impact on bound water. After electrolysis is stopped, the sand pores rapidly recover and the gas bubbles generated by electrolysis migrate upward and fuse into larger bubbles.
CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Erxing Peng, Yu Sheng, Xiaoying Hu, Dingwen Zhang
Summary: The study utilizes microbial denitrification to induce partially saturated specimens for consolidated undrained triaxial tests, finding that soil liquefaction resistance increases with saturation degree. The liquefaction resistance initially increases in a linear pattern as saturation decreases, but later declines as the relationship becomes more nonlinear.
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ahmed Miftah, Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Huriye Bilsel, Hany El Naggar
Summary: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymatic induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) treatment for improving erodibility, mitigating scour, and enhancing water infiltration capacity of beach sand. The results demonstrated that EICP treatment significantly improved the erodibility behavior and shear strength of the soil, leading to reduced erosion rates and scour depths.
GEOMECHANICS FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Meitong Lv, Dingwen Zhang
Summary: The microbial desaturation method is effective in improving the liquefaction resistance of saturated sand under cyclic loading by absorbing excess pore pressure through volume reduction, changing the bulk modulus, and causing volume change of the pore modulus. The liquefaction resistance of sand increases significantly with decreasing saturation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Kyle M. Rollins, Sara Amoroso, Paul Andersen, Laura Tonni, Kord Wissmann
Summary: The study compared the untreated area with a full-scale RAP group in silty sand to investigate the liquefaction mitigation capability of RAP. It was found that the use of RAP reduced settlement caused by liquefaction, although the same settlement estimation method resulted in overestimation in the RAP treated area.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Abdullah Almajed, Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Edward Kavazanjian
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanxin Yang, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: This study conducts Newmark analyses on lateral spreading induced by liquefaction using a database of 22 documented case histories. The site stratigraphy and SPT values for the liquefiable soil are determined based on the case-history documentation. The yield acceleration is estimated using three different correlations with SPT blow count to estimate the post-liquefaction residual shear strength. Representative acceleration time histories from earthquake recordings are selected. The probabilistic analysis suggests that the lateral spreading displacement calculated using the Olson and Johnson correlation will not exceed twice the reported displacement with a confidence level of 97%.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Vinay Krishnan, Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Kimberly Martin, Nasser Hamdan, Leon A. van Paassen, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: By biocementing standard Ottawa 20-30 sand using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), it was found that sand from different quarries within the same geological formation may not respond in the same manner to biocementation. Therefore, standard sands for mechanical geotechnical testing should not be automatically assumed to be suitable for biogeotechnical testing.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Wu Gao, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: A constitutive model was developed to describe the stress-strain-time behavior of decomposing municipal solid waste (MSW), considering three sources contributing to MSW hardening. The model was validated through laboratory and field tests, showing good agreement with measured vertical deformations but significant discrepancies in horizontal displacements. Sensitivity studies revealed the model's high sensitivity to the biodegradation rate of MSW, suggesting potential improvements by incorporating deviatoric creep deformations.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Hai Lin, Sean T. O'Donnell, Muhannad T. Suleiman, Edward Kavazanjian, Derick G. Brown
Summary: The study demonstrates that both EICP and MICP treatments can create a cemented soil zone around pervious concrete piles, improving pile capacity and load transfer under compression loading.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Wu Gao, Edward Kavazanjian, Xuan Wu
Summary: This study numerically investigates the tensile strain development in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) liner systems in landfills. A new constitutive model for municipal solid waste (MSW) was employed to analyze the influence of various factors on tensile strains. The results reveal that landfill geometry, interface friction angles, and waste settlement significantly affect the development of tensile strains.
Mitigation strategies, such as using a HDPE GMB with different friction angles on its upper and underlying interfaces, increasing the number of benches, and reducing the slope inclination, are shown to reduce the maximum tensile strain caused by waste placement and settlement.
GEOTEXTILES AND GEOMEMBRANES
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Vinay Krishnan, Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Maryam Kazembeyki, Leon A. van Paassen, Christian G. Hoover, Jong Seto, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: The mechanical properties of calcium carbonate minerals formed by enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) were studied using nanoindentation. It was found that the modified precipitate had higher ductility and resistance to crack propagation, which may contribute to improved cementation in sands with low carbonate contents.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Diane M. Moug, Kayla R. Sorenson, Arash Khosravifar, Melissa Preciado, Elizabeth Stallings Young, Leon van Paassen, Edward Kavazanjian, Benchen Zhang, Kenneth H. Stokoe, Farnyuh M. Menq, Yumei Wang
Summary: This paper presents field trials of microbially induced desaturation (MID) conducted in Portland, Oregon. MID treatment stimulates native denitrifying microbes to reduce the in situ degree of saturation and mitigate the potential for triggering liquefaction. Monitoring data from the two trial sites demonstrate successful desaturation of liquefiable soil, which persisted for at least 92 days post-treatment.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Chen Zeng, Leon A. Van Paassen, Jun-jie Zheng, Elizabeth G. Stallings Young, Caitlyn A. Hall, Yvo Veenis, Wouter R. L. Van der Star, Maria Konstantinou, Edward Kavazanjian
Summary: This study conducted a field trial to test the feasibility of microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) by denitrification for stabilizing silty soil. The results showed that denitrifying micro-organisms actively converted substrates and produced biogenic gas and minerals. However, the distribution of substrates and reaction products was significantly affected by the permeability of soil layers.
Article
Engineering, Geological
M. G. Arab, R. Alsodi, A. Shanablah, E. Kavazanjian, W. Zeiada
Summary: Testing with a dynamic shear rheometer and rheological analysis were conducted to study the detachment behavior of bio-cemented soil at a microstructural level, showing potential for mitigating fugitive dust emissions caused by wind-blown soil. The strong correlation between wind tunnel tests and DSR results demonstrates the capability of the device to capture the detachment potential of soil bio-cemented using EICP, providing insights into optimizing bio-cementation for dust control and assessing soil microstructure strength for other geotechnical applications.
GEOTECHNIQUE LETTERS
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Geological
Caitlyn A. Hall, Gabby Hernandez, Kathleen M. Darby, Leon van Paassen, Edward Kavazanjian, Jason DeJong, Daniel Wilson
GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND SOIL DYNAMICS V: LIQUEFACTION TRIGGERING, CONSEQUENCES, AND MITIGATION
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Leon A. van Paassen, Vinh Pham, Nariman Mahabadi, Caitlyn Hall, Elizabeth Stallings, Edward Kavazanjian
PANAM UNSATURATED SOILS 2017: PLENARY PAPERS
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Sean T. O'Donnell, Edward Kavazanjian
IFCEE 2018: INNOVATIONS IN GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR SOILS, PAVEMENTS, AND SUBGRADES
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Jose N. Pasillas, Hamed Khodadadi, Kimberly Martin, Paola Bandini, Craig M. Newtson, Edward Kavazanjian
IFCEE 2018: INNOVATIONS IN GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR SOILS, PAVEMENTS, AND SUBGRADES
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Neda Javadi, Hamed Khodadadi, Nasser Hamdan, Edward Kavazanjian
IFCEE 2018: INNOVATIONS IN GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR SOILS, PAVEMENTS, AND SUBGRADES
(2018)