Article
Virology
Alvin Hui, Eda Altan, Nathan Slovis, Caitlin Fletcher, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart
Summary: Through viral metagenomics, a new species of Circovirus, equine circovirus 1 (EqCV1), was identified in a pregnant mare with fever and hepatitis. EqCV1 showed similarities to pig circoviruses and elk circovirus, indicating its evolutionary relationship. Further studies are needed to determine the disease-causing potential of EqCV1 and its prevalence in different equine populations.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
David Prangishvili, Ying Liu, Mart Krupovic
Summary: Portogloboviridae is a family of viruses that infect hyperthermophilic archaea, with circular DNA genomes, an outer protein shell, and an inner lipid layer. These viruses have the ability to encode mini-CRISPR arrays to compete against other co-infecting viruses.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Petar Knezevic, Evelien M. Adriaenssens
Summary: Members of the family Plectroviridae produce non-enveloped rigid rods, infect cell wall-less bacteria, replicate DNA by a rolling-circle mechanism, and release progeny without killing the host.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Francesco Di Serio, Robert A. Owens, Shi-Fang Li, Jaroslav Matousek, Vicente Pallas, John W. Randles, Teruo Sano, Jacobus Th J. Verhoeven, Georgios Vidalakis, Ricardo Flores
Summary: Members of the family Pospiviroidae have single-stranded circular RNA genomes with a rod-like or quasi-rod-like conformation, containing a central conserved region for replication in the nucleus through an asymmetric RNA-RNA rolling-circle mechanism. Unlike viroids in the family Avsunviroidae, Pospiviroidae members do not possess hammerhead ribozymes. The family Pospiviroidae includes multiple genera and more than 25 species.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
John E. Thomas, Bruno Gronenborn, Robert M. Harding, Bikash Mandal, Ioana Grigoras, John W. Randles, Yoshitaka Sano, Tania Timchenko, H. Josef Vetten, Hsin-Hung Yeh, Heiko Ziebell
Summary: Nanoviridae is a family of plant viruses with small isometric virions and multipartite, circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. Members of this family are associated with satellite-like cssDNAs, predominantly infecting legumes and Zingiberales plants, requiring a virus-encoded helper factor for transmission by aphids.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tatiana A. Demina, Mike Dyall-Smith, Matti Jalasvuori, Shishen Du, Hanna M. Oksanen
Summary: Members of the family Sphaerolipoviridae are non-enveloped tailless icosahedral virions with internal lipid membrane. They have a linear double-stranded DNA genome of about 30 kbp, with terminal repeats and proteins. The capsid has a T=28 dextro symmetry and is composed of two major capsid protein types. Spike complexes can be found at fivefold vertices. Sphaerolipoviruses infect haloarchaea in the class Halobacteria and have a narrow host range and lytic life cycle. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Sphaerolipoviridae, available at ictv.global/report/sphaerolipoviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hany Anany, Padmanabhan Mahadevan, Dann Turner, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Andrew M. Kropinski
Summary: Chaseviridae family is a lytic bacteriophage infecting bacteria of Gammaproteobacteria class, with a global distribution. The virions have myovirus morphology, and the genomes are double-stranded DNA with a large single subunit RNA polymerase. However, the promoter sequences of Chaseviridae have not been identified yet.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Margo A. Brinton, Anastasia A. Gulyaeva, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya, Magda Dunowska, Kay S. Faaberg, Tony Goldberg, Frederick C. C. Leung, Hans J. Nauwynck, Eric J. Snijder, Tomasz Stadejek, Alexander E. Gorbalenya
Summary: The Arteriviridae family consists of enveloped RNA viruses that infect non-human mammals, causing diseases in some cases while remaining asymptomatic in others.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elvira Fiallo-Olive, Jean-Michel Lett, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac, Arvind Varsani, F. Murilo Zerbini, Jesus Navas-Castillo
Summary: The family Geminiviridae consists of viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2.5-5.2 kb, causing economically significant diseases mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. They infect dicot and monocot plants and are transmitted by insect vectors. Some geminiviruses are associated with DNA satellites.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jong-Geol Kim, Khaled S. Gazi, Mart Krupovic, Sung-Keun Rhee
Summary: Members of the family Thaspiviridae infect mesophilic ammonia-oxidizing archaea and their virus replication leads to growth inhibition of the host. The morphology of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 resembles that of members of the families Fuselloviridae and Halspiviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ralf G. Dietzgen, Andrew E. Firth, Daohong Jiang, Sandra Junglen, Hideki Kondo, Jens H. Kuhn, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Nikos Vasilakis
Summary: Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses with unsegmented, negative-sense RNA genomes. It includes genera that form monophyletic clades and have been found in various invertebrates and birds. Members of Nyavirus and Socyvirus genera produce enveloped, spherical virions.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave
Summary: PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar. Different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, indicating genetic diversity and suggesting global circulation of the identified PCV strains.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rohan Antonio Bandoo, Joshua Bautista, Michael Lund, Eric Newkirk, John Squires, Arvind Varsani, Simona Kraberger
Summary: Viruses in the families Circoviridae and Anelloviridae, with circular single-stranded DNA genomes, have been identified in various animal species. Novel circovirus and anelloviruses were discovered in wolverines through non-invasive sampling, shedding light on the little-known viruses associated with these forest carnivores. The newly identified viruses present new avenues for further research.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yukiyo Sato, Massimo Turina, Sotaro Chiba, Ryo Okada, Muhammad F. Bhatti, Ioly Kotta-Loizou, Robert H. A. Coutts, Hideki Kondo, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nobuhiro Suzuki
Summary: The family Hadakaviridae consists of capsidless viruses called Hadakavirus, which have a segmented positive sense RNA genome with 10 or 11 segments. These viruses infect ascomycetous filamentous fungi. Unlike the related polymycovirids and certain encapsidated picorna-like viruses, hadakavirids lack a capsid and therefore cannot be pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation; they are susceptible to ribonuclease in host tissue homogenates. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hadakaviridae, available at ictv.global/report/hadakaviridae.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alice K. Inoue-Nagata, Ramon Jordan, Jan Kreuze, Fan Li, Juan Jose Lopez-Moya, Kristiina Makinen, Kazusato Ohshima, Stephen J. Wylie
Summary: The Potyviridae family includes filamentous plant viruses with specific genomic features and varying host ranges. Some members of this family can cause significant disease epidemics in cultivated plants.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Elise N. Paietta, Simona Kraberger, Joy M. Custer, Karla L. Vargas, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Anne D. Yoder, Arvind Varsani
Summary: This study identifies three oral papillomaviruses in critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemurs, including two highly similar viruses named Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1 (VavPV1) and a less similar one named Varecia variegata papillomavirus 2 (VavPV2). The discovery of these viruses suggests the presence of diverse papillomaviruses across lemurs.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gabriella M. Cerna, Laurel E. K. Serieys, Seth P. D. Riley, Cecile Richet, Simona Kraberger, Arvind Varsani
Summary: Viruses belonging to the family Circoviridae were discovered in bobcats in California, with one new species identified. It is unclear whether these viruses infect bobcats, their prey, or their gut parasites.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Simona Kraberger, Laurel E. K. Serieys, Seth P. D. Riley, Kara Schmidlin, Eric S. Newkirk, John R. Squires, Christopher B. Buck, Arvind Varsani
Summary: By analyzing fecal samples from bobcats, pumas, Canada lynxes, and grizzly bears in the USA, we identified six novel polyomavirus genomes. These viruses showed a phylogenetic relationship to polyomaviruses found in prey animals, suggesting carnivores may become infected with polyomaviruses through predation. Furthermore, we found anelloviruses known to infect pigs in the grizzly bear sample, indicating the bear may have preyed on a wild or domestic pig.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Andreza H. Vidal, Cristiano Lacorte, Marcio M. Sanches, Dione M. T. Alves-Freitas, Emanuel F. M. Abreu, Bruna Pinheiro-Lima, Raul C. Carriello Rosa, Onildo N. Jesus, Magnolia A. Campos, Gustavo P. Felix, Ana Clara R. Abreu, Yam S. Santos, Ana Luiza M. Lacerda, Arvind Varsani, Fernando L. Melo, Simone G. Ribeiro
Summary: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is an important tool for discovering and monitoring plant viruses. In passion fruit (PF) plants in Bahia state, Brazil, co-infections of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) were identified using HTS technology, bioinformatics tools, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed CABYV-PF to be closely related to French and Spanish isolates, and the complete genomes suggested the presence of ten distinct CABYV species, including Polerovirus curcubitaeprimum and Polerovirus melo.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Adriana Gonzalez-Fernandez, Erin M. Symonds, Javier F. Gallard-Gongora, Bonnie Mull, Jerzy O. Lukasik, Pablo Rivera Navarro, Andrei Badilla Aguilar, Jayme Peraud, Darner Mora Alvarado, Allison Cantor, Mya Breitbart, Maryann R. Cairns, Valerie J. Harwood
Summary: Population growth and changing climate are expected to increase human exposure to pathogens in tropical coastal waters. A study conducted in Costa Rican beach found that rivers impacting the beach consistently exceeded the U.S. EPA risk threshold for gastroenteritis, while the ocean samples met the criteria only 13% of the time. Norovirus genogroup I (NoVGI) was the main contributor to the risk, and the risk was greater in the dry season. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) that considers seasonal and local variability of water quality contributes to improved beach management.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mya Breitbart, Makenzie Kerr, Michael J. Schram, Ian Williams, Grace Koziol, Ernst Peebles, Christopher D. Stallings
Summary: A study on the West Florida Shelf used DNA metabarcoding to identify fish eggs from 49 stations. They found 37 different taxa from 4,719 fish eggs, and the distribution of eggs corresponded with known habitat types. Metabarcoding was faster and cheaper than barcoding individual eggs; however, it had limitations in determining absolute taxon proportions and detecting contaminating DNA. The study also reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of using metabarcoding vs individual fish egg barcoding for long-term monitoring programs.
Article
Microbiology
Ainsley R. Chapman, Jillian M. Wright, Nicole A. Kaiser, Peter M. Jones, Erin M. Driver, Rolf U. Halden, Arvind Varsani, Matthew Scotch, Temitope O. C. Faleye
Summary: This paper describes the genome of MAZ-Nov-2020, a microvirus identified from municipal wastewater in Maricopa County, Arizona, USA, in November 2020. The genome is 4,696 nucleotides long, with a GC content of 56% and a coverage of 3,641x. It encodes major capsid protein, endolysin, replication initiator protein, and two hypothetical proteins, one of which is predicted to be a membrane-associated multiheme cytochrome c.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Karla L. Vargas, Simona Kraberger, Joy M. Custer, Elise N. Paietta, Melanie Culver, Adrian Munguia-Vega, Greer A. Dolby, Arvind Varsani
Summary: This study utilized viral metagenomics to identify a novel polyomavirus in fecal samples from wild rodents in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The discovery expands our understanding of rodent viral ecology and evolution.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Virology
Francisco Murilo Zerbini, Stuart G. Siddell, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R. Mushegian, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Donald M. Dempsey, Bas E. Dutilh, Maria Laura Garcia, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra Junglen, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Amy J. Lambert, Malgorzata Lobocka, Hanna M. Oksanen, David L. Robertson, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, Donald B. Smith, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Arvind Varsani
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evelien M. M. Adriaenssens, Simon Roux, J. Rodney Brister, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jens H. Kuhn, Arvind Varsani, Tong Yigang, Alejandro Reyes, Cedric Lood, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Matthew B. B. Sullivan, Robert A. A. Edwards, Peter Simmonds, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Mart Krupovic, Bas E. E. Dutilh
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Temitope O. C. Faleye, Erin M. Driver, Devin A. Bowes, Abriana Smith, Nicole A. Kaiser, Jillian M. Wright, Ainsley R. Chapman, Rolf U. Halden, Arvind Varsani, Matthew Scotch
Summary: In this study, CPV genomes were sequenced from dog feces collected in poop bags, and a variant of CPV-2c with amino acid substitutions in NS1 and NS2 was identified in Arizona, USA in June 2022. This genome is the only CPV genome described in the USA from the 2022 season, despite reports of CPV outbreaks and fatalities in dogs. Further studies and experimental research are needed to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary process of CPV.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Elise N. Paietta, Simona Kraberger, Joy M. Custer, Karla L. Vargas, Claudia Espy, Erin Ehmke, Anne D. Yoder, Arvind Varsani
Summary: This study utilized metagenomic sequencing methods to explore the diversity of oral viruses in humans. The samples were collected from healthy individuals and various viruses, including coronaviruses, bacteriophages, and inoviruses, were identified. These findings expand our understanding of the diversity of oral viruses in North Carolina, USA.
Article
Virology
Sohini Claverie, Murielle Hoareau, Selim Ben Chehida, Denis Filloux, Arvind Varsani, Philippe Roumagnac, Darren P. Martin, Jean-Michel Lett, Pierre Lefeuvre
Summary: As highly pervasive parasites, viruses are likely major components of all natural ecosystems. We focused on understanding the ecological roles of viruses by studying Mastrevirus genus, which infects uncultivated grasses throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions. Our findings reveal the host preferences and diverse distribution of Mastrevirus, suggesting the importance of perennial plant species in generating viral recombinants.
Article
Virology
Anamarija Butkovic, Simona Kraberger, Zoe Smeele, Darren P. Martin, Kara Schmidlin, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Michelle R. Shero, Roxanne S. Beltran, Amy L. Kirkham, Maketalena Aleamotu'a, Jennifer M. Burns, Eugene Koonin, Arvind Varsani, Mart Krupovic
Summary: Anelloviruses, which are highly prevalent in mammals, including humans, have small circular single-stranded DNA genomes and encode unique proteins. The ORF1 protein of anelloviruses shows variation in size and has a projection domain predicted to have a role in virus-host interactions. The findings suggest classifying Anelloviridae as a new phylum, 'Commensaviricota', within the kingdom Shotokuvirae (realm Monodnaviria).
