Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ehsan Jafari, M. Reza Malayeri, Heike Brueckner, Peter Krebs
Summary: This study investigated the effects of various operating parameters on the removal efficiency of turbidity from synthetic wastewater using electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) with aluminium electrodes. The optimal conditions for achieving 90% turbidity removal were found to be a current density of 0.0028 A/cm2, an initial pH of 7.3, an operating time of 5 min, and a stirring speed of 500 rpm.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
B. Rahul Krishna, S. Bhuvaneshwari, Femin Majeed, S. P. Aravind
Summary: The performance and applicability of alloy electrodes derived from Al and Cu combinations were evaluated for dairy wastewater treatment. The study found that the AC10 alloy electrode showed higher efficiency in removing turbidity and COD in dairy effluent, with a shorter reaction time and minimal electrode loss.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nazeri Abdul Rahman, Allene Albania Linus, Calvin Jose Jol, Nur Syahida Abdul Jalal, Chieng Kwong Ming, Wan Wafi Shahanney Wan Borhan, Nooranisha Baharuddin, Shaleen Nur Ain Samsul, Nurshazatulaini Abdul Mutalip
Summary: The study investigates the treatment of peat water using a continuous electrocoagulation system with aluminum electrodes. It finds that the variable kinetic order (VOK) model combined with the Freundlich isotherm model is the most suitable for predicting the removal of impurities from peat water. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using VOK-Freundlich kinetic model in treating peat water with a continuous electrocoagulation system.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Locksley F. Castaneda, Oscar Coreno, Jose L. Nava
Summary: This paper investigates the simultaneous removal of arsenic, fluoride, and hydrated silica from natural well water using electrocoagulation. The best results were achieved at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 and a linear flow velocity of 1.2 cm s-1. This method effectively reduced the concentrations of arsenic and fluoride below the World Health Organization's guideline and maintained a hydrated silica concentration of 33 mg L-1.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
S. Abbasi, A. A. Zinatizadeh, M. Mirghorayshi, S. Zinadini, T. McKay
Summary: The study evaluated a novel laboratory scale continuous electrocoagulation (EC) reactor using iron rod electrodes for treating licorice processing wastewater. Results showed that the EC system with iron rod electrodes performed better in turbidity removal compared to iron plate electrodes.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Afef Barhoumi, Sana Ncib, Wided Bouguerra, Elimame Elaloui
Summary: This research focuses on the use of rectangular aluminum electrodes to remove nickel from synthetic and industrial wastewater. The study evaluates the effects of electrocoagulation parameters on heavy metal removal and investigates the behavior of nickel during the process. The results show that optimal conditions for maximum nickel removal include a bipolar connection, pH of 5.0, current density of 1.388 mA cm(-2), electrolysis time of 30 minutes, and NaCl concentration of 1.5 g L-1. The process achieves over 95.51% nickel removal with minimal energy consumption of 0.195 kWh m(-3). The economic feasibility of the process is also evaluated, showing its effectiveness in treating industrial wastewater with total nickel removal and low treatment cost. These findings suggest potential industrial applications for this method.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Million Ebba, Perumal Asaithambi, Esayas Alemayehu
Summary: Electrocoagulation is an effective technology for wastewater treatment, removing color, COD, and turbidity while consuming less energy. The study found that various operating parameters significantly influence the removal of color, COD, and turbidity, as well as energy consumption.
APPLIED WATER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daisy Das, Barun Kumar Nandi
Summary: This study successfully removed arsenic ion As(V) from tap water using electrocoagulation technique, achieving a removal rate of 99.4% under specific process conditions. It was found that the optimal parameters for efficient As(V) removal were a pH of 7, CD of 0.431 mA/cm(2), IED of 0.5 cm, agitation speed of 200 rpm, and NaCl dose of 0.33 g/L.
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan Valentin-Reyes, Diana B. Trejo, Oscar Coreno, Jose Luis Nava
Summary: This paper investigates the removal of arsenic, hydrated silica, and coexisting ions from groundwater using electrocoagulation. The optimal conditions for achieving the lowest residual concentrations of arsenic and hydrated silica were found to be a current density of 6 mA/cm2 and a flow velocity of 2.3 cm/s. The study also found that adsorption on flocs is the main mechanism for removing arsenic and phosphate ions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thanh Son Le, Nhat Minh Dang, Dinh Trinh Tran
Summary: Landfill leachate remediation is challenging due to the presence of various organic, inorganic compounds, microorganism materials, and heavy metals. This study demonstrated that a hybrid electrocoagulation-biofiltration system can effectively remove both organic and inorganic pollutants from landfill leachate, enhancing treatment efficiency.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Charles David, A. Karpagaraj, Arunnellaiappan Thangavelu
Summary: In this research, twisted-type Iron electrodes were used for electrochemical treatment of distillery effluent resulting in a maximum color removal efficiency of 83.75% under optimal process conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jonathan Valentin-Reyes, Oscar Coreno, Jose L. Nava
Summary: This paper focuses on the electrocoagulation (EC) process for the removal of arsenic and hydrated silica from groundwater. The study explores the optimal conditions for EC efficiency in terms of current density and flow velocity. The results demonstrate that EC can effectively remove pollutants from groundwater and meet the WHO guideline for arsenic concentration. Various analytical techniques are used to understand the reaction mechanism, revealing the adsorption and reaction between pollutants and coagulant materials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati
Summary: The study examined the application of sono-electrocoagulation process in treating industrial wastewater, with the Fe-Fe electrode combination showing the best efficiency in COD and color removal. The operating cost of the process was found to be $1.39/m3.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Khalid Bani-Melhem, Muhammad Rasool Al-Kilani
Summary: The electrocoagulation (EC) process is effective for the treatment of highly loaded grey water (HLGW) using iron or mild steel electrodes under different current densities. The removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity were above 85%, with better performance observed for mild steel electrodes. The study suggests further investigations on the effect of metal alloy type and electrode physical properties in EC technology for HLGW treatment.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guelizar Kurtoglu Akkaya
Summary: This study focused on removing COD and phenol from petroleum wastewater using the electrocoagulation process with scrap electrodes. The study optimized the treatment conditions and found that the initial current density and exposure time significantly affected the removal efficiency of COD and phenol.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ibijoke A. Idowu, Khalid Hashim, Andy Shaw, Leonel J. R. Nunes
Summary: The circular economy approach is gaining importance in various industrial sectors, aiming to eliminate waste and create new value chains. This study focuses on the recovery of brewery spent grains and spent coffee grounds through direct combustion. However, the composition of these materials may pose constraints on their recovery options. Further research on life cycle assessment, environmental impacts, and economic analysis is needed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
I. I. Omran, N. H. Al-Saati, A. A. Salman, K. Hashim
Summary: This study designed a new multi-criteria decision analysis framework to assess the sustainability of solid waste treatment techniques in Baghdad. The results showed that the sustainability of municipal solid waste treatment is directly related to the dimensions of environmental, economic, social, and technical, with the environmental dimension having the largest impact. According to the questionnaire data and multi-criteria decision analysis methods, Recycling by Source-Separation Technique was identified as the best alternative, while Anaerobic Digestion Technique was identified as the worst alternative.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruqayah Ali Grmasha, Marwan H. Abdulameer, Csilla Stenger-Kovacas, Osamah J. Al-sareji, Zaid Al-Gazali, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Monika Meiczinger, Khalid S. Hashim
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive measurement campaign of 16 PAHs along the Euphrates River for five months, examining water and sediment samples. The results showed that PAHs contamination increased along the flow direction, mainly due to non-point pollution and agricultural return flows. The dominant PAHs in both water and sediment samples were 5-6 rings PAHs, accounting for an average of 42% and 50% respectively. The pollution of these compounds originated mainly from petroleum product combustions according to the diagnostic ratios of PAHs. Carcinogenic PAHs constituted a significant portion of the total measured compounds in water and sediment samples, highlighting potential ecological and human health risks. The sediment quality guidelines indicated that most sites had effects ranging from low to medium. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adults and children was higher than what was reported in the literature, suggesting an urgent need for attention from environmental authorities in Western Asian countries sharing this important water source.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Saif Ullah Khan, Mohammad Khalid, Khalid Hashim, Mehdi Hassanvand Jamadi, Milad Mousazadeh, Farrukh Basheer, Izharul Haq Farooqi
Summary: The electrocoagulation (EC) process is widely used for removing heavy metals and other contaminants by introducing coagulants through electrochemical means. However, its effectiveness depends on the operating conditions and optimizing the process variables is crucial. Key parameters such as current density, electrode type, and electrolysis time significantly influence performance, while mechanisms such as charge neutralization, reduction-oxidation, and precipitation/co-precipitation play a crucial role in pollutant abatement. This review provides a detailed study on the significant parameters, mechanisms, and optimization of the EC process for improving efficiency.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Osamah Al-Hashimi, Khalid Hashim, Edward Loffill, Ismini Nakouti, Ayad A. H. Faisal, Tina Marolt Cebasek
Summary: The novel aspect of this research is the use of a fabricated adsorbent made from quartz sand coated with calcium ferric oxides (QS/CFO) derived from wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA) for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from synthetic water. Through various experiments and batch tests, it has been proven that the engineered adsorbent can effectively remove TC from water under certain conditions, with the chemical forces being a major contributor.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hazha Mohammed, Francesca Giuntini, Alan Simm, Monower Sadique, Andy Shaw, Ismini Nakouti, Ana Bras
Summary: This research analyzes the performance of three types of polymer-modified concrete in chloride environments and the use of bacteria-based solutions for reinforced concrete structures. The study focuses on the mechanical and durability performance of the concrete. The results show that the recyclable polymers contribute to increased strength and decreased porosity, but also delay the concrete's compressive strength increase. The use of bioproducts effectively controls water migration and reduces chloride migration.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruqayah Ali Grmasha, Csilla Stenger-Kovacs, Baydaa Abdul Hussein Bedewy, Osamah J. Al-sareji, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Monika Meiczinger, Khalid S. Hashim
Summary: Recent battles against ISIS in Iraq led to the destruction or severe damage of several oil refineries, resulting in the release and accumulation of hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), into the environment. A comprehensive 16 PAHs measurements campaign was conducted over six months near the oil refineries along the Tigris River and its estuaries. The findings revealed high concentrations of PAHs in water and sediment samples, with potential adverse health effects, including cancer.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fadhil Al-Darraji, Monower Sadique, Tina Marolt Cebasek, Abhijit Ganguli, Zelong Yu, Khalid Hashim
Summary: Composite piles have become a popular alternative for deep foundations due to their potential to mitigate durability issues. This research evaluates the geotechnical and structural behaviors of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite piles. Low-stiffness composite materials are a concern, and efforts are being made to improve their properties. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the behaviors of different types of composite piles.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Osamah J. Al-sareji, Mohammed Alaa Abdulzahra, Thaer Shafi Hussein, Ahmed S. Shlakaa, Mustafa M. Karhib, Monika Meiczinger, Ruqayah Ali Grmasha, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Viola Somogyi, Endre Domokos, Ibijoke Idowu, Manolia Andredaki, Khalid S. Hashim
Summary: This study used biochar derived from orange peels to immobilize laccase for the degradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac. Various characterization methods were used to evaluate the immobilized enzyme. The results showed that the immobilized enzyme had better stability compared to the free enzyme and was effective in removing organic pollutants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdul Kareem K. Alsaffar, Saif S. Alquzweeni, Lubna R. Al-Ameer, Abduljabar H. Ali, Ahmed Mohamed, Humoud M. Aldaihani, A. Reham, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Osamah Al-Hashimi, Ali Shubbar, Mohammad Amir Khan, Khalid Hashim
Summary: Efficient thermal insulation materials reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and improve indoor comfort. This study developed an eco-friendly insulation layer using discarded cardboard, which showed good thermal and acoustic insulation performance but had low bending strength.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maitham G. Yousif, Khalid Hashim, Salman Rawaf
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly decreased the productivity of medical staff and doctors, with an average reduction of 23%. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, sleeping habits, and COVID-19 complications were identified as crucial factors affecting productivity.
BAGHDAD SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Osamah J. Al-sareji, Monika Meiczinger, Viola Somogyi, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Ruqayah Ali Grmasha, Csilla Stenger-Kovacs, Miklos Jakab, Khalid S. Hashim
Summary: This study reports the successful removal of diclofenac, amoxicillin, carbamazepine, and ciprofloxacin by utilizing commercially available granular activated carbons loaded with laccase. The best immobilization parameters were found to be pH 5, 30 degrees C, and 2 mg mL-1 laccase content. Additionally, the study suggests that biochar produced from coconut shell can effectively be used as a substrate and adsorbent for pharmaceutical removal.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ayad A. H. Faisal, Zaid Abed Al-Ridah, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Waqed H. Hassan, Osamah Al-Hashimi, Ayman A. Ghfar, Khalid Hashim
Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of using Iraqi clay as a low-permeability layer to prevent the migration of lead and nickel ions in groundwater. Batch operation tests were conducted to determine the ideal conditions for removing Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions. The Langmuir formula was found to be the most effective sorption model, with sorption capacities of 1.75 mg/g for nickel ions and 137 mg/g for lead ions. Finite element analysis simulations showed that the clay barrier created low-discharge zones downstream, reducing the rate of pollutant migration and protecting water sources.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Osamah J. Al-sareji, Monika Meiczinger, Jasim M. Salman, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Khalid S. Hashim, Viola Somogyi, Miklos Jakab
Summary: Enzymatic remediation/biocatalysis has become prominent in recent years for the bioremediation of difficult-to-degrade chemicals such as ketoprofen and aspirin. Laccase, an enzyme commonly investigated for bioremediation, has been immobilized onto date stone as a carrier. The activated date stone showed significantly increased surface area and improved adsorption properties. The immobilized laccase system demonstrated high activity and stability, effectively degrading ketoprofen and aspirin in aqueous solutions within a short period of time. This study highlights the potential of utilizing agricultural waste for enzyme immobilization and the continued development of this technology for pharmaceutical removal.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elizabeth Alvarez-Chavez, Stephane Godbout, Mylene Genereux, Caroline Cote, Alain N. Rousseau, Sebastien Fournel
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of alternative filtering materials and bed aeration on the retention of nutrients and fecal bacteria in woodchip bedded stand-off pads for cows. The results showed that the alternative biofilters were more efficient in removing COD, SS, TN, and NO3-N, while conventional biofilters were more efficient for PO4-P removal. Aeration did not have a significant effect under the tested temperature conditions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yike Zhang, Zengyi Ma, Zhuoting Fang, Yuandong Qian, Zhiping Huang, Yilong Ye, Jianhua Yan
Summary: This study investigates the application of oxygen enrichment melting technology in the melting of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. The results demonstrate that oxygen enrichment technology can reduce energy consumption and operating costs, as well as decrease pollution emissions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liangang Xiao, Mingkai Leng, Philip Greenwood, Rongqin Zhao, Zhixiang Xie, Zengtao You, Junguo Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of grazing exclusion on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and vegetation recovery. It finds that grazing exclusion can increase the potential for SOC accumulation, and higher annual precipitation is positively correlated with SOC accumulation.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Beatrice Cantoni, Jessica Ianes, Beatrice Bertolo, Selena Ziccardi, Francesco Maffini, Manuela Antonelli
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of ozonation and adsorption as in-series processes compared to standalone processes for the removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in drinking water. The combination of both processes proves to be more effective than adsorption and ozonation alone. Ozonation improves the adsorption performance of poorly-oxidizable CECs but worsens that of well-oxidizable compounds. This research highlights the importance of considering both processes in the removal of CECs in drinking water treatment plants.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dan Li, Bingjun Liu, Yang Lu, Jianyu Fu
Summary: A new Standardized compound Drought and Saltwater intrusion Index (SDSI) was developed to detect changes in the severity of CDSEs in six estuaries. The study found that saltwater intrusion plays a dominant role in influencing SDSI severity, and CDSEs vary in frequency, duration and severity among different estuaries.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yong-Qiang Li, Rui Sun, Chong-Miao Zhang, Zi-Xuan Liu, Rui-tao Chen, Jian Zhao, Hua-dong Gu, Huan-Cai Yin
Summary: In this study, an electron beam excitation multi-wavelength ultraviolet (EBE-MW-UV) system was established and found to have significantly higher microbial inactivation effects compared to single-wavelength UV-LEDs in water. Mechanism analysis revealed that EBE-MW-UV damaged microbial DNA and proteins, and generated additional reactive oxygen species, leading to microbial inactivation.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kaili Ma, Xinxin Han, Qiujuan Li, Yu Kong, Qiaoli Liu, Xu Yan, Yahong Luo, Xiaopin Li, Huiyang Wen, Zhiguo Cao
Summary: This study reveals that the use of a tryptophan-degrading microbial consortium (TDC) can enhance the hydrolysis efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS), increasing the yield and quality of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and improving the solubilization and release of organic substances from WAS.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ling Xiong, Rui Li
Summary: Incorporating Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) into land use planning can provide informed land management decisions. This study evaluates the ESV of Guizhou Province in China's karst region. The results show an increase in total ESV over the past two decades due to ecological restoration projects.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Geetha Jenifel
Summary: This article discusses the importance of water and the pollution of freshwater resources, and introduces the use of machine learning models and blockchain technology to predict and protect water quality.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stanslaus Terengia Materu, Taotao Chen, Chang Liu, Daocai Chi, Meng Jun
Summary: The study showed that H2SO4-modified biochar can reduce P leaching, increase soil available P, and enhance plant P uptake in alternate wetting and drying irrigation systems. Biochar additions B20A and IAWDB20A-M were effective in improving yield, reducing P leaching, and increasing APB.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amir Nouri, Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh, Sirus Zinadini, Mark Van Loosdrecht
Summary: This study focuses on the development of an air-lift bio-electrochemical reactor (ALBER) with a continuous feeding regime to enhance nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater. The effect of temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), N -NH+4 /TN ratio, and current density on the reactor performance was investigated, and the ALBER achieved a maximum TN removal of 73%. The results suggest that the ALBER has potential for treating industrial wastewater at low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peifang Wang, Guoxiang You, Yang Gao, Juan Chen, Xun Wang, Chao Wang
Summary: This study investigated the ecological processes of microbial communities and N- and P-transformation processes in multistage agricultural drainage ditches. The results showed that the microbial communities were co-shaped by agricultural practices and ditch size, which further governed the N and P removal performance.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaofeng Niu, Huan Wang, Tao Wang, Peiyu Zhang, Huan Zhang, Hongxia Wang, Xianghong Kong, Songguang Xie, Jun Xu
Summary: Microorganisms play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem balance, and environmental stressors can affect the assembly processes of microbial communities. The study found that different stressors have opposite effects on microbial community assembly in water and sediment, and warming has different influences compared to herbicides and nutrients.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuqing Tan, Qiming Cheng, Fengwei Lyu, Fei Liu, Linhao Liu, Yihong Su, Shaochun Yuan, Wenyu Xiao, Zhen Liu, Yao Chen
Summary: The exacerbation of global warming, extreme weather events, and rapid urbanization have led to increased flooding in urban areas. China has adopted sponge city as an efficient means of preventing and controlling urban floods. Using a SWMM-FVCOM model, the hydrological reduction and control effect of sponge city construction (SPCC) within a university campus were evaluated. The study found that implementing SPCC effectively mitigates surface runoff and reduces the severity of urban flooding. However, the efficacy of runoff control decreases with longer rainfall return periods.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhonghan Chen, Qiuyan Li, Shibo Yan, Juan Xu, Qiaoyun Lin, Zhuangming Zhao, Ziying He
Summary: Tidal rivers are important biochemical reaction channels, receiving carbon from wastewater and agricultural drains, affecting CO2 emissions. Through modeling and data analysis, researchers explored carbon distribution, emissions, and greenhouse effects, emphasizing the potential of river management to change global CO2 emissions under climate change.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)