Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Teresa Mezza, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Simona Moffa, Chiara M. A. Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Flavia Impronta, Umberto Capece, Giuseppe Quero, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Mari, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari
Summary: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of reduced beta cell mass on the development of hyperglycemia. The research found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity were predictors of eventual development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Thus, these functional alterations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akinobu Nakamura
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors not only lower blood glucose levels but also have protective effects on organs such as the heart and kidneys. These inhibitors prevent beta-cell dysfunction by reducing glucose overload, leading to increased beta-cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Clinical and preclinical data support the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on beta-cell mass and function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Eriksson, Sara A. Litwak, Yan Yun, William J. Stanley, Peter Thorn, Ulf Ahlgren, Esteban N. Gurzov
Summary: A novel insulin-binding peptide probe (IBPP) was developed to specifically detect beta-cells in human and mouse pancreatic islets, without affecting cell function and viability. Experimental results also showed that the IBPP could accurately detect beta-cell mass in various preclinical models of diabetes.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mario A. Miranda, Juan F. Macias-Velasco, Heather A. Lawson
Summary: The review examines the heterogeneity of pancreatic beta-cells from morphological, functional, and transcriptional perspectives, considering factors such as topography, maturation, development, and stress response. It discusses the identification of beta-cell subtypes and how heterogeneity is influenced by diabetes. The paper also explores open questions in the field and recent technological innovations that could advance understanding of beta-cell heterogeneity in health and disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan J. Jalleh, Tongzhi Wu, Karen L. Jones, Christopher K. Rayner, Michael Horowitz, Chinmay S. Marathe
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between plasma glucose, GLP-1, and insulin secretion and gastric emptying (GE) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results showed a positive correlation between plasma glucose levels at 30, 60, and 120 minutes and GE, but not at 180 minutes. Multiple regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between plasma glucose at 120 minutes and GE. However, there was no relationship between plasma GLP-1 and GE, and GE did not significantly affect insulin secretion. Further evaluation of this relationship is necessary.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arthur Ingersen, Malte Schmucker, Christina Alexandersen, Benjamin Graungaard, Tobias Thorngreen, Jacob Borch, Jens Juul Holst, Jorn Wulff Helge, Flemming Dela
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the interaction of semaglutide treatment and aerobic training on pancreatic β-cell secretory function in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that aerobic training increased insulin secretion, and semaglutide treatment further improved β-cell secretory function. The combination of aerobic training and semaglutide treatment synergistically enhanced β-cell secretory function.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernesto Maddaloni, Geremia B. Bolli, Brian M. Frier, Randie R. Little, Richard D. Leslie, Paolo Pozzilli, Raffaela Buzzetti
Summary: C-peptide measurement is valuable in autoimmune diabetes but limited in type 2 diabetes due to confounding factors like insulin resistance. Standardization issues exist that may affect comparability between different laboratories.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Abdoulaye Diane, Noora Ali Al-Shukri, Razik Bin Abdul Mu-U-min, Heba H. Al-Siddiqi
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic beta-cells. Researchers have been working on generating pancreatic beta-cells from human pluripotent stem cells to compensate for insulin deficiency. However, current differentiation protocols have limitations. Mitochondria play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in beta-cells, and dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to beta-cell dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Martin, Gail J. Mick, Heather M. Choat, Alison A. Lunsford, Hubert M. Tse, Gerald G. McGwin, Kenneth L. McCormick
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral GABA alone or in combination with GAD on the preservation of residual insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. The results showed that neither GABA alone nor the combination of GABA and GAD-alum could preserve beta-cell function.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Kai M. Bracey, Guoqiang Gu, Irina Kaverina
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta cells regulate glucose homeostasis through the secretion of insulin, which is facilitated by a unique microtubule network with specific features. The functionality of this network involves the interplay of molecular motors and metabolic pathways, which are still not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gustavo Canul-Medina, Leticia Riveron-Negrete, Karina Pasten-Hidalgo, Paulina Morales-Castillo, Francisco Garcia-Vazquez, Cristina Fernandez-Mejia
Summary: This study found rapid changes in pancreatic islets in mice after lactation, including an increase in area and number of beta cells, along with adjustments in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Islet-cell proliferation was already increased before lactation ceased, and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations also significantly increased. By the 14th day post-weaning, islets' area and glucose homeostasis returned to levels of age-matched virgin mice.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Eva Tuduri, Sergi Soriano, Lucia Almagro, Eduard Montanya, Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Angel Nadal, Ivan Quesada
Summary: This review summarizes the age-related alterations, adaptations, and failures of pancreatic β-cells at the molecular, morphological, and functional levels in both mice and humans. The findings suggest that changes in β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, and function with age may impact the development of type 2 diabetes.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shiau Chin Chong, Norlela Sukor, Sarah Anne Robert, Kim Fong Ng, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin
Summary: This study aimed to resolve conflicting findings about GLP-1 levels in different glucose tolerance states among Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. The results showed that GLP-1 levels were higher in T2DM and pre-DM compared to NGT, suggesting a possible adaptive compensatory response. Among the three ethnic groups, Indians had the highest levels of GLP-1 and insulin resistance, supporting the notion of an adaptive compensatory secretion of GLP-1.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhe Jin, Sergiy V. Korol
Summary: The pancreatic islets play a vital role in regulating blood glucose levels through cell communication using molecules like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA not only affects islet function and hormone secretion, but also immune cell interactions in both normal and pathological conditions, particularly in type 1 diabetes. In recent years, research interest in GABA signaling in islets has increased, spanning from molecular studies to clinical implications. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on islet GABA, focusing on human islets, identifying knowledge gaps, and exploring clinical implications.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Erwin Ilegems, Galyna Bryzgalova, Jorge Correia, Burcak Yesildag, Edurne Berra, Jorge L. Ruas, Teresa S. Pereira, Per-Olof Berggren
Summary: This study found the presence of HIF-1 alpha in pancreatic cells during the progression of type 2 diabetes, and demonstrated that treatment with the HIF-1 alpha inhibitor PX-478 can improve beta cell function, prevent diabetes progression, and increase insulin secretion. The results showed that PX-478 treatment has an improving effect on mouse and human islets.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kenjiro Kumano, Morihito Takita, Srividya Vasu, Carly Darden, Michael Lawrence, Ernest Beecherl, Amar Gupta, Nicholas Onaca, Bashoo Naziruddin
JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Kenjiro Kumano, Srividya Vasu, Yang Liu, Su-Tang Lo, Aditi Mulgaonkar, Jenelle Pennington, Carly M. Darden, Xiankai Sun, Michael C. Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dipak Sarnobat, Charlotte R. Moffett, Neil Tanday, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble, Peter R. Flatt, Andrei I. Tarasov
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hayley McMillan, Fionnuala T. Lundy, Orla M. Dunne, Banan Al-Natour, Charlotte Jeanneau, Imad About, Tim M. Curtis, Ikhlas El Karim
Summary: This study investigates the role of MrgprX1 in nociception by examining its interaction with the pain receptor TRPA1. Results show that MrgprX1 activates TRPA1 and sensitizes it to agonist stimulation via Protein Kinase C, suggesting an important role for this receptor in pain modulation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Galyna Graham, J. Michael Conlon, R. Charlotte Moffett, Yasser H. Abdel-Wahab, Peter R. Flatt
Summary: The study showed that long-acting, dual-agonist anti-diabetic peptides can induce alpha-cell to beta-cell transdifferentiation, leading to increased pancreatic insulin content and plasma insulin concentrations. This suggests therapeutic potential for using proglucagon-derived peptides from phylogenetical ancient fish in diabetes treatment.
JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenjiro Kumano, Mazhar A. Kanak, Prathab Balaji Saravanan, J. P. Blanck, Yang Liu, Srividya Vasu, Michael Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
Summary: Withaferin A may reduce inflammation and prolong allograft survival by inhibiting dendritic cell maturation and T-cell proliferation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Sarnobat, R. C. Moffett, P. R. Flatt, A. I. Tarasov
Summary: The study showed that metformin and rosiglitazone can help slow down the reduction of beta-cell pool in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, while tolbutamide may exacerbate beta-cell apoptosis but potentially protect beta-cells from chronic hyperglycemia by increasing insulin secretion directly.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jordan Mattke, Srividya Vasu, Carly M. M. Darden, Kenjiro Kumano, Michael C. C. Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
Summary: Exosomes play a crucial role in studying diagnostic markers for islet cell viability and function in islet transplantation. They may have an impact on the success of islet transplantation and could potentially be used as a therapeutic tool.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Prawej Ansari, Peter R. Flatt, Patrick Harriott, J. M. A. Hannan, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab
Summary: The study demonstrated the antidiabetic effects of Acacia arabica bark extract, showing potential as a treatment for diabetes. The isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, indicating the benefits of using them as antidiabetic agents.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yang Liu, Srividya Vasu, Kenjiro Kumano, Jeffrey A. SoRelle, Michael C. Lawrence, Bashoo Naziruddin
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carly M. Darden, Srividya Vasu, Jordan Mattke, Yang Liu, Christopher J. Rhodes, Bashoo Naziruddin, Michael C. Lawrence
Summary: The study reveals that calcineurin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways play important roles in maintaining beta-cell function, but prolonged exposure to stress or perturbation of these pathways may lead to beta-cell dedifferentiation and dysfunction.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Srividya Vasu, Jiemin M. Yang, James Hodges, Maisam A. Abu-El-Haija, David B. Adams, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, Greg J. Beilman, Srinath Chinnakotla, Darwin L. Conwell, Martin L. Freeman, Timothy B. Gardner, Betul Hatipoglu, Varvara Kirchner, Luis F. Lara, Katherine A. Morgan, Jaimie D. Nathan, Andrew Posselt, Timothy L. Pruett, Sarah J. Schwarzenberg, Vikesh K. Singh, Martin Wijkstrom, Piotr Witkowski, Bashoo Naziruddin, Melena D. Bellin
Summary: The study investigated the associations between circulating miRNAs and patient, disease, and islet isolation characteristics in TPIAT patients. The results revealed different miRNAs were associated with genetic risk, toxic/metabolic diseases, exocrine insufficiency, and islet autotransplant outcomes.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Gumpei Yoshimatsu, Mazhar A. Kanak, Srividya Vasu, Kenjiro Kumano, Michael Lawrence, Nicholas Onaca, Morihito Takita, Marlon F. Levy, Bashoo Naziruddin
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jose R. Hombrebueno, Lauren Cairns, Louise R. Dutton, Timothy J. Lyons, Derek P. Brazil, Paul Moynagh, Tim M. Curtis, Heping Xu