Cell microencapsulation technology: Current vision of its therapeutic potential through the administration routes

Regarding the current need of new therapeutic strategies for the correct management of myriad health problems, cell microencapsulation emerges as a promising alternative. Traditionally, the goal of cell microencapsulation has been drug delivery. For this purpose, cells are entrapped within a biocompatible matrix, usually surrounded by a semipermeable membrane. This barrier allows the diffusion of nutrients, oxygen and therapeutic factors secreted by the entrapped cells while it immunoprotects the implant. Thus, a sustained and de novo release of therapeutics is achieved. Considering the great potential this application holds, intensive research has taken place in the field, which has led to multiple clinical trials with the aim of moving this strategy towards clinical translation. Moreover, in an emerging alternative, modifications in the design of classic microcapsules have given rise to systems that deliver cells with regenerative purposes. Since numerous body locations have been explored as valuable options for the administration of cell microcapsules, this review offers a current vision of the possibilities this technology offers attending to the administration routes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.