Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rei Chemke, Lorenzo M. Polvani, Jennifer E. Kay, Clara Orbe
Summary: Arctic amplification, the enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to other parts of the Earth, is a significant feature of climate change. This phenomenon is largely influenced by ocean coupling, with thermodynamic coupling playing a key role in future amplification and sea-ice loss, overcoming the effects of dynamic coupling. Targeted numerical experiments are crucial in quantifying the specific mechanisms involved in Arctic amplification for more accurate climate projections.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peter Joyce, Roel Brienen, Wolfgang Buermann, Chris Wilson, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Mariona Claret, Manuel Gloor
Summary: In northern high-latitudes, anomalously warm springs are expected to result in increased drawdown of carbon dioxide. However, recent decades have seen a weakening control of temperature on plant productivity, with no significant change in the relationship between spring vegetation productivity and air temperature in the 1982-2015 period. A reduction in spatial coherence of temperature anomalies, alongside significant sensitivity to atmospheric transport, is likely responsible for this apparent weakening.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jun Ono, Masahiro Watanabe, Yoshiki Komuro, Hiroaki Tatebe, Manabu Abe
Summary: Research indicates that Arctic warming amplification is expected to be stronger in a low-emission scenario compared to a high-emission scenario. In the high-emission scenario, summer sea ice may completely melt away by around 2050, while in the low-emission scenario, the reduction of sea ice contributes to Arctic warming amplification.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jesper Sjolte, Florian Adolphi, Hera Gudlaugsdottir, Raimund Muscheler
Summary: Low-latitude volcanic eruptions cool Earth's climate and can lead to a positive phase of NAO in winter, while high-latitude eruptions are associated with negative NAO in both winter and summer. The impact of low-latitude eruptions can persist into summer, and differences in the effects of high- and low-latitude eruptions on atmospheric circulation and regional temperature provide important insights for understanding past and future climate changes in response to volcanic forcing.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Timothy W. Cronin, Ishir Dutta
Summary: Understanding the radiative response to warming is crucial for predicting global warming. The difference between the radiative response estimated by climate models and the theoretical estimate is mainly due to the lack of stratospheric warming in the models. Neglecting this warming can lead to an overly optimistic analysis of climate change feedbacks.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shouwei Li, Wei Liu
Summary: Proxy evidences show abrupt southward displacements of the intertropical convergence zone during Heinrich Stadial 1 and Younger Dryas, contradicting the long-term trend. Climate model simulations reveal that the abrupt changes in Heinrich Stadial 1 and Younger Dryas are mainly driven by ice-sheet-induced meltwater, while the long-term trend is primarily influenced by orbital variations, rising atmospheric greenhouse gases, and ice-sheet retreats.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ni Dai, Ryan J. Kramer, Brian J. Soden, Tristan S. L'Ecuyer
Summary: Despite the lack of systematic observation-based validation for the radiative kernel technique, this study finds that observation-based radiative kernels from CloudSat can effectively reconstruct anomalies in radiative fluxes. Cloud and surface characteristics contribute differently to flux anomalies, with biases observed in the kernel-estimated flux anomalies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joseph Michael Battalio, Juan Manuel Lora
Summary: Studies have shown that Rossby waves on Titan can trigger polar convection, leading to stationary precipitation and global impact. Following the convection, forced waves undergo a complex evolution, including cross-equatorial propagation and tropical-extratropical interaction.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Sergei Soldatenko
Summary: The observed rise in Arctic near-surface temperature exceeds double the increase in global mean temperature, with the causes of Arctic amplification still under discussion. Studies suggest that the increase in meridional heat transport from low latitudes to the Arctic due to global warming contributes to polar amplification and a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent. Further research is required to understand the uncertainty surrounding various feedback mechanisms in shaping Arctic climate and predicting Arctic sea ice extent.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiaqi Shi, Haijun Yang
Summary: The Earth climate system has an intrinsic mechanism to maintain its energy conservation with Bjerknes compensation by impelling opposite changes in meridional ocean and atmosphere heat transports. A global coupled two-hemisphere box model is established to analyze the BJC, showing a better performance in the Northern Hemisphere. An analytical solution to the probability of a valid BJC under reasonable climate feedback is derived.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Han Qiu, Dalei Hao, Yelu Zeng, Xuesong Zhang, Min Chen
Summary: Climate warming is accelerating changes in global terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the northern high latitudes. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) provides insights into future carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, with the models suggesting that global and northern high latitude ecosystems will act as carbon sinks. However, uncertainties in carbon fluxes and net ecosystem productivity in the northern high latitudes are still large, emphasizing the need for better model projections and climate mitigation strategies.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Zavitsanos, X. Zotos
Summary: The proposed model accounts for the relationship between magnetic and phononic transport, offering a new interpretation for experimental results and highlighting the ballistic character of magnetic transport.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Steven J. Cooper, Tristan S. L'Ecuyer, Mareile Astrid Wolff, Thomas Kuhn, Claire Pettersen, Norman B. Wood, Salomon Eliasson, Claire E. Schirle, Julia Shates, Franziska Hellmuth, Bjorg Jenny Kokkvoll Engdahl, Sandra Vasquez-Martin, Trond Ilmo, Knut Nygard
Summary: The HiLaMS campaign explored snowfall properties and processes in Norway and Sweden, using a low-cost instrumentation suite to develop retrieval schemes and identify biases in numerical weather prediction models. The results suggest value in deploying enhanced snow observing instruments to new high-latitude locations.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. T. Richardson, R. J. Roy, M. D. Lebsock
Summary: Tropical upper-troposphere clouds are expected to rise and contribute to positive radiative feedback under global warming. A comparison between satellite retrievals and atmospheric models shows that the observed trend of cloud altitude increase is greater than that of the models. The observed cloud height response extends into the subtropics, which is different from the models' prediction. Further investigation is needed to explore the time-dependent biases in MODIS cloud retrievals.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew Henry, Geoffrey K. Vallis
Summary: This study shows that the reduced Arctic land seasonality is a result of the relatively small surface heat capacity of land and the nonlinearity of the temperature dependence of surface longwave emission, without the influence of sea ice, clouds, or ocean heat transport.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Molly E. Menzel, Timothy M. Merlis
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2019)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eric Bembenek, David N. Straub, Timothy M. Merlis
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Spencer A. Hill, Simona Bordoni, Jonathan L. Mitchell
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ana H. Lobo, Simona Bordoni
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ho-Hsuan Wei, Simona Bordoni
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew Henry, Timothy M. Merlis
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew Henry, Timothy M. Merlis, Nicholas J. Lutsko, Brian E. J. Rose
Summary: The study proposes an alternative attribution method, using a single-column model that accounts for high-latitude lapse-rate changes in Arctic amplification. Through an idealized general circulation model, it is found that even though the tropics have stronger carbon dioxide forcing and water vapor feedback, they still contribute to polar-amplified surface warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael Rollings, Timothy M. Merlis
Summary: Observational techniques were used to analyze the relationship between Hadley cell extent, internal SST variability, and long-term warming. The study found a strong correlation between North Pacific decadal SST variability and Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell extent, as well as a linear sensitivity of Hadley cell width to long-term warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ruth Geen, Simona Bordoni, David S. Battisti, Katrina Hui
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Katrina L. Hui, Simona Bordoni
Summary: Recent studies show that the rapid onset of the monsoon can be explained by a shift in tropical circulation, from a regime controlled by eddy momentum fluxes to one controlled by energetic constraints. The position of the equatorward coastal boundary influences these transitions, with tropical continents facilitating the establishment of an overturning circulation conducive to a monsoon regime. Conversely, lack of land at tropical latitudes prevents rapid displacement of moist static energy into the subtropics, hindering the establishment of an angular momentum-conserving monsoon regime.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Pei-Ning Feng, Hai Lin, Jacques Derome, Timothy M. Merlis
Summary: The prediction skill of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in boreal winter is influenced by various factors including initial condition characteristics and phases of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). Models with higher vertical resolutions generally outperform those with lower resolutions in predicting NAO.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Spencer A. Hill, Simona Bordoni, Jonathan L. Mitchel
Summary: This study presents a predictive, analytical theory for determining the latitude of the ascending edge of the Hadley circulation based on supercritical forcing. By explicitly simulating each latitude of the radiative-convective equilibrium state, it is found that the behavior of the ascending edge latitudes largely follows a specific scaling law in moist and dry idealized GCM simulations.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Spencer A. Hill, Simona Bordoni, Jonathan L. Mitchell
Summary: This paper presents a theory for the latitudinal extents of the Hadley cells throughout the annual cycle. By combining recent scaling for the ascending edge latitude based on low-latitude supercriticality with the theory for the poleward, descending edge latitudes based on baroclinic instability and a uniform Rossby number, the authors derive predictive expressions for all three Hadley cell edges. The theory is validated through simulations in an idealized aquaplanet general circulation model.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ana H. Lobo, Simona Bordoni
Summary: This study investigates the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation to changes in shortwave and longwave radiation through idealized aquaplanet simulations of Earth-like planets. It finds that increasing the planet obliquity leads to a weakening of extratropical circulation and precipitating storm tracks, which is counterintuitive. On high-obliquity planets with low thermal inertia, the net energy deficit is balanced by the latent energy component of atmospheric heat capacity, preventing significant atmospheric cooling. On planets with larger thermal inertia, the net energy loss during winter is primarily balanced by energy storage in the ocean surface. These results highlight the importance of accurate representation of polar properties in planetary modeling and observations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marie-Pier Labonte, Timothy M. Merlis
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2020)