Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoming Hu, Yanchi Liu, Yunqi Kong, Qinghua Yang
Summary: This study examines the main sources of inter-model spread in Arctic amplification of surface warming. It finds that the same seasonal energy transfer mechanism, namely the storage and release of solar energy absorbed by the Arctic Ocean during sea-ice melting season, is responsible for the Arctic amplification in each simulation. The amount of ice melting and heat storage in the ocean during summer determines the strength of heat release in the cold months, which is associated with various factors such as cloudiness and heat transport.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Huawu Wu, Cicheng Zhang, Xiao-Yan Li, Congsheng Fu, Haohao Wu, Pei Wang, Jinzhao Liu
Summary: This study presents an evaluation of hydrometeorological processes and climate dynamics in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau based on a 7-year precipitation isotope dataset. Results show significant seasonal isotopic variability related to seasonal changes of moisture sources and hydrometeorological processes. The precipitation isotopic values are primarily determined by the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, and convective activity, and show no correlation with air temperature.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. Sanchez-Rodriguez, A. Sierra, D. Jimenez-Lopez, T. Ortega, A. Gomez-Parra, J. Forja
Summary: The study investigated the concentration of dissolved CH4 and N2O, as well as the partial pressure of CO2 in the Guadalquivir estuary. Factors such as temperature, salinity, exchange with the atmosphere, biochemical processes, and river inputs were found to influence the distribution of gases. The estuary acts as a source of these gases to the atmosphere, with positive water-atmosphere fluxes throughout the study.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan H. Raberg, Edgart Flores, Sarah E. Crump, Greg de Wet, Nadia Dildar, Gifford H. Miller, Aslaug Geirsdottir, Julio Sepulveda
Summary: Paleotemperature histories derived from lake sediment archives are valuable for understanding modern and future climate changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) lipids are useful for studying temperature changes due to their empirical correlation with temperature. However, the sources of brGDGTs in lake sediments and their contributions are difficult to determine. This study explores the potential of intact brGDGTs in providing insights into the sources and contributions of brGDGTs in Arctic lakes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shawn A. Pedron, J. M. Welker, E. S. Euskirchen, E. S. Klein, J. C. Walker, X. Xu, C. Czimczik
Summary: This study provides insights into the CO2 emissions from Arctic tundra during non-growing seasons, showing that rising soil temperatures lead to increased emissions during fall and winter, depleting aged soil carbon pools and accelerating climate change.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhangxian Ouyang, Yun Li, Di Qi, Wenli Zhong, Akihiko Murata, Shigeto Nishino, Yingxu Wu, Meibing Jin, David Kirchman, Liqi Chen, Wei-Jun Cai
Summary: The Arctic Ocean has undergone a transition from perennial ice coverage to seasonal ice-free conditions in recent decades. This change has led to significant alterations in the carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes in the region. The study found that summer CO2 uptake increased in the Chukchi Sea due to a longer ice-free period, larger open areas, and increased primary production. However, no significant increase in CO2 uptake was observed in the Canada Basin and the Beaufort Sea. This discrepancy can be attributed to sea ice variations and other environmental factors that influence the air-sea pCO(2) gradient.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peisong Zheng, Joel B. Pedro, Markus Jochum, Sune O. Rasmussen, Zhongping Lai
Summary: The study analyzed 67,000 years of climate data from Antarctic ice cores to understand the relationship between Greenland and Antarctic temperature variations, as well as mechanisms behind millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 concentration changes. Results show that Antarctic warming rates decrease significantly as the climate cools during glacial periods, while the rate of atmospheric CO2 rise remains relatively stable. This challenges the traditional view that a single mechanism based on the Southern Ocean dominates glacial variability in Antarctic temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Peter Tunved, Johan Strom, Radovan Krejci, Eyal Freud, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Eija Asmi, Angelo Lupi, Manuel Dall'Osto
Summary: The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, including the formation of new particles from gas-phase precursors. Previous studies have examined the new particle formation (NPF) process at various Arctic sites, but there has been no coordinated analysis of all sites simultaneously. In this study, particle formation and growth rates were analyzed at six long-term ground-based stations in the Arctic. The results showed that NPF frequency and particle formation rates were highest at Svalbard and lowest in the High Arctic. The analysis also revealed variations in growth rates and vapor source rates between sites. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding geographical variations in surface types in order to fully understand NPF processes in the Arctic.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Isabelle Renee Lao, Aryeh Feinberg, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind
Summary: This study investigated the sources and sinks of atmospheric selenium by analyzing PM2.5 data from 82 sites in the US from 1988 to 2010. Coal combustion was identified as the main source of selenium in most regions, while wet deposition played an important role as a sink. These findings contribute to a better understanding and prediction of selenium distribution under climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Jun Wang, Jian Xiao, Zheng Zhu, Siyuan Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhaojun Fan, Yali Deng, Zhihong Hu, Fang Peng, Shu Shen, Fei Deng
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed metagenomic sequencing data of animal feces from Antarctica and frozen soil from the Arctic, revealing diverse and genetically similar viral communities in these polar regions. The findings highlight the importance of conducting further investigations to understand the role of these viruses in the global viral community.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jan Olaf Melchert, Philipp Wischhoefer, Christian Knoblauch, Tim Eckhardt, Susanne Liebner, Janet Rethemeyer
Summary: The release of greenhouse gases from permafrost deposits in the circumarctic regions may accelerate global warming, and this feedback is controlled by the microbial degradability of the organic matter and the release of inorganic carbon. The study found that the CO2 released from thawed Yedoma is mainly from Pleistocene-age organic matter, with a smaller contribution from modern organic substrate and inorganic carbon. Younger organic substrates in the freshly thawed Yedoma were preferentially degraded, while the contribution of inorganic carbon increased during incubation. The results indicate the importance of considering both organic and inorganic carbon sources when estimating CO2 fluxes from thawed permafrost.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zebin Tu, Chengfeng Le, Yan Bai, Zongpei Jiang, Yingxu Wu, Zhangxian Ouyang, Wei-Jun Cai, Di Qi
Summary: The study constructed a 17-year time series of summer sea surface partial pressure of CO2 in the Chukchi Sea using machine learning, attributing the long-term increase in CO2 uptake capacity to enhanced biological uptake. The intraseasonal variability of surface CO2 in early summer also highlights the importance of sea ice melt and enhanced photosynthesis.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lejiang Yu, Shiyuan Zhong, Cuijuan Sui, Bo Sun
Summary: This study reveals a link between the intensification of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and the weakening of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (ASPV). The elevated sea surface temperature in the IPWP region triggers wave trains that enhance eastward-propagating flux convergence in the northern high-latitude stratosphere, ultimately resulting in a diminishing ASPV. As atmospheric greenhouse gas increases, the ASPV is expected to further weaken in the future, particularly in the context of a more intense IPWP.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
E. H. Shadwick, O. A. De Meo, S. Schroeter, M. C. Arroyo, D. G. Martinson, H. Ducklow
Summary: The Southern Ocean is a key player in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide, with the West Antarctic Peninsula absorbing CO2 in summer and ice cover preventing outgassing in winter. Future projections suggest that decreasing sea ice formation may weaken the region's ability to uptake carbon dioxide in the coming decades.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna Sytiuk, Samuel Hamard, Regis Cereghino, Ellen Dorrepaal, Honorine Geissel, Martin Kuttim, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Eeva Stiina Tuittila, Vincent E. J. Jassey
Summary: In this study, a reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted along a climate gradient in Europe to investigate the effects of climate warming on the seasonality of metabolites produced by Sphagnum mosses and the consequences for peatland carbon uptake. The results showed that Sphagnum species exhibited consistent responses to warming, with shifts in their primary or secondary metabolites according to seasons. These shifts were also correlated with changes in gross ecosystem productivity, particularly in spring and autumn. The findings highlight the plasticity of plant metabolites and their ability to impact carbon processes in ecosystems.
Article
Biology
Peter A. Gao, Hannah M. Director, Cecilia M. Bitz, Adrian E. Raftery
Summary: This study focuses on the impact of warming temperatures on the volume of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, proposing a statistical spatio-temporal two-stage model for predicting sea ice thickness. By combining a contour model and a Gaussian random field, the model is able to generate probabilistic forecasts up to three months into the future, showing comparable accuracy and improved calibration compared to existing forecasts. The statistical model also demonstrates the ability to generate good forecasts of aggregate quantities such as overall and regional sea ice volume.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Marie C. McGraw, Eduardo Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Robin P. Clancy, Cecilia M. Bitz
Summary: The predictability of extreme sea ice loss events on subseasonal scales is explored in dynamical forecast models. The results show that sea ice forecast skill is generally lower during extreme sea ice loss events, particularly in the summer. The forecast error remains high following extreme sea ice loss events and does not return to typical levels for several weeks.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ariel L. Morrison, Hansi A. Singh, Philip J. Rasch
Summary: Using reanalysis data, this study finds that clouds and other atmospheric processes have a significant impact on Southern Ocean heat uptake. Winter and spring cloud cover is higher and contains more liquid water, resulting in increased downwelling longwave radiation and amplified ocean heat uptake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kyle B. Heyblom, Hansi A. Singh, Philip J. Rasch, Patricia DeRepentigny
Summary: This study explores the impact of the temporal and spatial variability of biomass burning emissions on the hydrologic cycle. Results show that the high variability in biomass burning emissions leads to amplified hydrologic cycle, increasing evaporation and precipitation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Robin Clancy, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Marie C. Mcgraw, Steven M. Cavallo
Summary: This study investigates the spatial patterns of atmosphere and sea ice during Arctic cyclones using a novel cyclone-centered approach. The results suggest that the structure of Arctic cyclones is similar to those in the midlatitudes and their impact on sea ice is heterogeneous. The dynamic processes are found to be the primary driver of sea ice response to cyclones.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lily C. Hahn, Kyle C. Armour, David S. Battisti, Ian Eisenman, Cecilia M. Bitz
Summary: Arctic surface warming peaks in winter and reaches its minimum during summer. The change in effective heat capacity of sea ice plays a central role in explaining this seasonal asymmetry.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. A. Roach, I Eisenman, T. J. W. Wagner, E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, C. M. Bitz
Summary: This article suggests that solar radiation is the driving force behind the asymmetry in the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice. The ice retreat period is approximately two months shorter than the ice advance period, and this asymmetry is consistent in observations and satellite products. Using idealized climate models, the study shows that the seasonal cycle of incident solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for this asymmetry, as the high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere experience a narrow peak of intense brightness in summer and a long period of low light in winter.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jennifer E. Kay, Patricia DeRepentigny, Marika M. Holland, David A. Bailey, Alice K. DuVivier, Ed Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clara Deser, Alexandra Jahn, Hansi Singh, Madison M. Smith, Melinda A. Webster, Jim Edwards, Sun-Seon Lee, Keith B. Rodgers, Nan Rosenbloom
Summary: This study uses a fully coupled global model (CESM2) to investigate the influence of sea ice mean state on pre-industrial climate and transient climate change from 1850 to 2100. By modifying the sea ice model physics to increase Arctic sea ice thickness and late summer cover, the modified model shows a delayed and more realistic transition to a seasonally ice free Arctic Ocean compared to CESM2. These results highlight the importance of a reasonable Arctic sea ice mean state for simulating the transition to an ice-free Arctic Ocean in a warming world.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hansi K. A. Singh, Naoki Goldenson, John C. Fyfe, Lorenzo M. Polvani
Summary: In this study, the impact of different ocean initial states on historical and future climate projections in Earth system models is investigated using the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) large ensemble. The results show that global ocean heat content anomalies associated with different ocean initial states persist from year 1950 to year 2100, particularly the differences in deep ocean heat content due to ocean drift. These anomalies primarily affect the surface climate over the Southern Ocean, mainly due to the upwelling of persistent deep ocean temperature anomalies along sloping isopycnal surfaces.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
L. G. Bennetts, C. M. Bitz, D. L. Feltham, A. L. Kohout, M. H. Meylan
Summary: This article discusses future directions for the field of marginal ice zone (MIZ) dynamics, based on the remarkable progress made in theory, modelling and observations over the past decade. Research themes are proposed to shift the field's focus towards the broader implications of MIZ dynamics in the climate system, particularly highlighting the impacts of trends in the MIZ on the responses of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice to climate change.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V. T. Cooper, L. A. Roach, J. Thomson, S. D. Brenner, M. M. Smith, M. H. Meylan, C. M. Bitz
Summary: The retreat of Arctic sea ice has led to increased ocean wave activity, but the interactions between surface waves and sea ice are still not fully understood. In this study, in-situ observations and global model simulations were used to investigate wave activity in the western Arctic marginal ice zone. The results indicate limited locally generated wind waves in the ice-covered regions, and the choice of wave attenuation scheme and wind input significantly affect the extent of wave activity over ice-covered oceans. The findings emphasize the need for stronger constraints on wave attenuation and suggest further research on locally generated wind waves and their role in sea ice evolution.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lettie A. Roach, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Sarah Ragen, Wei Cheng, Kyle C. Armour, Cecilia M. Bitz
Summary: This study investigates the role of atmospheric circulation in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The results show that adjusting the wind direction has a significant impact on the observed AMOC. However, the current models still underestimate the variance of AMOC and have biases in the mean AMOC strength.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Mitchell Bushuk, Francois Massonnet, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Cecilia M. Bitz, Walter N. Meier, Uma S. Bhatt
Summary: We evaluated the skill of Arctic September sea ice forecasts in the Sea Ice Outlook from 2008 to 2022. The multi-model median forecast initialized in June showed slightly higher skill than a damped anomaly forecast, while the July and August initialized forecasts did not perform better. The individual dynamical and statistical forecasts had lower skill compared to the multi-model median forecast. The overall skill was lower than expected based on retrospective forecasts. Some forecasts initialized in early September 2021 and 2022 had physically improbable values. Spatial forecasts of sea ice concentration showed skill in multi-model forecasts and improvement in individual forecast skill in recent years. Initial conditions exhibited large spread in sea ice volume and a positive correlation between initialized sea ice volume and September SIE forecast. Forecast error was influenced by summer weather.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kyle B. B. Heyblom, Hansi A. A. Singh, Philip J. J. Rasch, Haruki Hirasawa
Summary: The magnitude of aerosol forcing remains uncertain in assessing historical climate sensitivity, with temporal variability of aerosol emissions being a crucial and often overlooked source of uncertainty. This study reveals that biomass burning (BB) emissions variability weakens the time-averaged total aerosol forcing, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere mid- to high-latitudes, due to nonlinear aerosol-cloud interactions. Comparisons show that satellite-estimated BB emissions result in weaker mean effective radiative forcing (ERF) compared to scenarios with no interannual variability in emissions, emphasizing the importance of considering emissions variability in aerosol forcing calculations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hugues Goosse, Sofia Allende Contador, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clare Eayrs, Thierry Fichefet, Kenza Himmich, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Francois Klein, Sylvain Marchi, Francois Massonnet, Bianca Mezzina, Charles Pelletier, Lettie Roach, Martin Vancoppenolle, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
Summary: The seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice extent is asymmetric, with slow growth after summer followed by rapid decrease after winter. This cycle is linked to the seasonal insolation, but sea ice processes and exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean also play a role. Idealized sensitivity experiments were performed to quantify these contributions and found that the retreat of sea ice extent is influenced by surface albedo and sea ice transport modifications.
