Article
Environmental Sciences
Felix Ploeger, Hella Garny
Summary: This study investigates the impact of ozone recovery on the stratospheric Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) and finds a hemispheric asymmetry in atmospheric circulation changes, which has significant effects on chemical composition. The study reveals that although climate models predict a decrease in circulation and age-of-air trends due to ozone recovery, the hemispherically asymmetric signal is small compared to internal variability. Therefore, the observed circulation trends are not contradictory to the expectations from climate models.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Sijia Zou, Amy S. Bower, Heather Furey, Robert S. Pickart, Loic Houpert, N. Penny Holliday
Summary: The study presents new observational evidence of deep cyclonic eddies around southern Greenland and into the Labrador Sea, with varying rotational speeds and periods, potential for water transport, and a possible source from the Denmark Strait outflow. The research highlights the importance of further investigations on (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the region.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Botao Zhou, Manlin Xu, Bo Sun, Tingting Han, Zhigang Cheng
Summary: The variability of West China Autumn Rain (WCAR) is positively correlated to the summer sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Southern Indian and Pacific Ocean basins, with increased SIC leading to deepened troughs, jet shifts, and enhanced water vapor transport towards West China, favoring an increase in WCAR. The mechanism involves seasonal persistence of atmospheric circulations from summer to autumn due to sea ice persistence, influencing Eurasian atmospheric circulations and water vapor transport.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fabio Boeira Dias, Catia M. Domingues, Simon J. Marsland, Stephen R. Rintoul, Petteri Uotila, Russell Fiedler, Mauricio M. Mata, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, Abhishek Savita
Summary: The study highlights the influence of surface wind perturbations on the response of the Antarctic subpolar Southern Ocean, leading to enhanced Antarctic Bottom Water formation and accelerated global Meridional Overturning Circulation. Open Water Polynya (OWP) events are triggered by upwelling warm waters and inhibition of sea ice growth, with their availability linked to deep ocean heat reservoirs.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Exavery Kisesa Makula, Botao Zhou
Summary: The study found that the recent decrease in March to May rainfall in Tanzania is mainly associated with the reduction of water vapour transport from the Indian Ocean, weakening of convective activities, and changes in sea surface temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael S. Diamond, Jake J. Gristey, Jennifer E. Kay, Graham Feingold
Summary: Climate model simulations suggest that the strong clear-sky hemispheric albedo asymmetry observed on Earth is a temporary feature that may weaken with the decline in anthropogenic aerosol emissions and Arctic sea ice. The Northern Hemisphere appears more reflective in clear skies, while the Southern Hemisphere is cloudier. The difference in continental coverage is balanced by greater reflection from Antarctica than the Arctic, resulting in aerosols dominating the net clear-sky asymmetry. Historical anthropogenic aerosol emissions have significantly increased the clear-sky asymmetry, but this trend is expected to reverse in low-emission scenarios. High-emission scenarios also show decreasing asymmetry due to declining Northern Hemisphere ice and snow cover. If all-sky symmetry is maintained, changes in cloud cover could have uncertain but important implications for Earth's energy balance and hydrological cycle.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Jan-Erik Tesdal, Graeme A. MacGilchrist, Rebecca L. Beadling, Stephen M. Griffies, John P. Krasting, Paul J. Durack
Summary: Two different climate models have been used to study the impact of wind stress and Antarctic ice sheet melting on the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SO MOC). The study shows that the largest impact is found in the lower limb of the SO MOC, associated with the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which is enhanced by wind and weakened by AIS meltwater perturbations. Both models indicate a reduction in AABW transport due to AIS melting, however, the higher resolution simulation shows a greater volume deflation of AABW south of 30°S.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wanying Kang, Suyash Bire, John Marshall
Summary: The study found that the asymmetry of Enceladus's ice shell is exacerbated by cross-equatorial ocean heat transport, which significantly affects the evolution and equilibrium state of the ice shell, and multiple equilibrium states may exist due to a positive feedback between melting and ocean circulation.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangwen Gong, Xuyang Wang, Yuqiang Li, Lei Ma, Manyi Li, Hongtao Si
Summary: The study shows that on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, warm temperature indices have significantly increased while cold temperature indices have decreased. The warming trend is stronger at higher latitudes, and occurrences of extreme temperature events during the day increase with increasing longitude. Cold temperature events increase in frequency and intensity at high elevations, while warm temperature events decrease. Extreme precipitation events are more common in areas with low latitudes and high longitudes.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Athena Augusta Floutsi, Holger Baars, Martin Radenz, Moritz Haarig, Zhenping Yin, Patric Seifert, Cristofer Jimenez, Albert Ansmann, Ronny Engelmann, Boris Barja, Felix Zamorano, Ulla Wandinger
Summary: This paper presents long-term observations of the multiwavelength Raman lidar PollyXT conducted in the DACAPO-PESO campaign in the southern mid-latitude oceans region. It discusses two case studies of smoke events and their impact on cloud formation, revealing the influence of smoke and dust particles on cloud condensation nuclei. Through one year of observations, it was found that tropospheric smoke advection over Punta Arenas occurred regularly and had high potential to affect cloud formation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hidetaka Kobayashi, Akira Oka, Akitomo Yamamoto, Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Summary: Recent paleo reconstructions suggest that increased carbon storage in the Southern Ocean during glacial periods contributed to low glacial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. The study shows that Southern Ocean salinity stratification and iron fertilization from glaciogenic dust during glacial periods amplified the carbonate sedimentary feedback, leading to increased carbon storage in the deep ocean and a 77-ppm reduction of atmospheric pCO(2). Model-data agreement of Southern Ocean properties is crucial for simulating glacial changes in the ocean carbon cycle.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lavinia Patara, Claus W. Boening, Toste Tanhua
Summary: Enhanced Southern Ocean ventilation in recent decades is suggested as a relevant modulator of ocean heat and carbon uptake changes. This study focuses on midlatitude ventilation changes in the Southern Ocean from the 1960s to the 2010s, showing a multidecadal fluctuation with a decrease until the 1980s-90s and subsequent increase. Wind stress is identified as the main driver of ventilation changes, while buoyancy forcing modulates its trend and decadal variability.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yana Li, Wen Zhou, Song Yang, Ruhua Zhang, Ho-Nam Cheung, Yue Zhang
Summary: Southern China has experienced a significant early-spring drying trend in recent years, which is attributed to a lack of water vapor caused by strong anomalous northerlies and local descent anomalies from the northwestern Pacific. These northerlies are associated with the formation of anomalous warm highs over the North Pacific and East Asia, which in turn are influenced by changes in Pacific sea surface temperature and global warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianglin Dai, Yang Zhang, Xiu-Qun Yang
Summary: This study investigates the energy budget and maintenance mechanism of low-frequency transient eddies, revealing distinct structures and sources of LF EAPE in midlatitude continents and subpolar regions. The generated LF EAPE is transported downstream and southward to midlatitude continents via background flow, while also being dissipated by HF eddies and converted to LF EKE through vertical motions, indicating a complex dynamics of LF variabilities.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Rishav Goyal, Matthew H. England, Martin Jucker, Alex Sen Gupta
Summary: This study highlights the significant impact of zonally asymmetric atmospheric changes on future ocean warming and circulation changes in subtropical western boundary current regions, explaining a substantial portion of sea surface temperature warming in the Tasman Sea, southern Australia, and the Agulhas Current region. The warming trends in the Indian and Pacific basins are primarily driven by the advection of warm tropical water towards the mid-latitudes due to changes in large-scale subtropical ocean gyres, influenced by changes in mid-latitude surface wind stress patterns.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Simchan Yook, David W. J. Thompson, Susan Solomon, Seo-Yeon Kim
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nicole Albern, Aiko Voigt, David W. J. Thompson, Joaquim G. Pinto
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kasturi S. Shah, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Douglas E. Kinnison
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Casey R. Patrizio, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: This study quantifies the contributions of ocean dynamical processes to mixed layer temperature variability on global scales, showcasing the importance of ocean dynamics in specific regions and time scales. The findings emphasize the critical need for improved and continuous observations of the ocean mixed layer to further understand its role. Results suggest that as time scales increase, the impact of ocean dynamics on mixed layer temperature variability decreases.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eun-Pa Lim, Harry H. Hendon, Amy H. Butler, David W. J. Thompson, Zachary D. Lawrence, Adam A. Scaife, Theodore G. Shepherd, Inna Polichtchouk, Hisashi Nakamura, Chiaki Kobayashi, Ruth Comer, Lawrence Coy, Andrew Dowdy, Rene D. Garreaud, Paul A. Newman, Guomin Wang
Summary: This study provides an overview of a rare Southern Hemisphere stratospheric warming event in 2019, which led to a significant weakening of the polar vortex and dramatic temperature rise in the Antarctic stratosphere. The impacts of this event resulted in a record-breaking Antarctic warming compared to the previous one in 2002, with the vortex winds and temperatures moving downward to the surface and affecting the southern annular mode. Advanced seasonal forecast systems accurately predicted the vortex weakening and the development of negative SAM as early as late July.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lina Boljka, David W. J. Thompson, Ying Li
Summary: Baroclinic waves drive regional weather variations and extratropical general circulation variability, forming coherent wave packets that propagate eastward through downstream development. Downstream suppression of baroclinic activity occurs in the wake of eastward propagating disturbances, playing a significant role in driving subseasonal periodicity in both hemispheres.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peidong Wang, Jeffery R. Scott, Susan Solomon, John Marshall, Andrew R. Babbin, Megan Lickley, David W. J. Thompson, Timothy DeVries, Qing Liang, Ronald G. Prinn
Summary: The ocean is a reservoir for CFC-11, with recent studies suggesting an unexpected increase in emissions since 2013. Changes in ocean fluxes could impact the lifetime of CFC-11, potentially leading to the ocean becoming a source of this ozone-depleting chemical in the future.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Qiang Fu
Summary: The recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole has led to significant changes in the circulation and temperature of the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere, with trends showing the opposite of those seen during the period of ozone depletion in the late 20th century. The observed differences in stratospheric trends between the recovery and depletion periods are statistically significant.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Simchan Yook, David W. J. Thompson, Lantao Sun, Casey Patrizio
Summary: Observations reveal two distinct patterns of atmospheric variability associated with wintertime variations in midlatitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific sector. One pattern is characterized by peak atmospheric circulation anomalies 2-3 weeks prior to large SST anomalies in the western North Pacific, consistent with atmospheric forcing of the SST field. The other pattern shows atmospheric circulation anomalies lagging behind SST anomalies in the western North Pacific by several weeks, consistent with the atmospheric response to the SST field. Numerical simulations support the interpretation of these lead-lag relationships, providing evidence for the influence of SST variability on the large-scale atmospheric circulation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingyuan Li, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: Climate change is causing widespread changes in surface temperature, with the most robust changes occurring over ocean areas. Survey results from different models indicate that global warming is leading to changes in surface temperature persistence driven by a broad range of physical processes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Casey R. Patrizio, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: Previous research has shown that the extratropical atmospheric circulation is influenced by sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the western North Pacific. However, the relative contributions of oceanic and atmospheric processes to the SST anomalies and their impact on the atmospheric circulation are not well understood. In this study, a simple stochastic climate model was used to separate SST variability in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension region into components forced by oceanic and atmospheric processes. The results indicate that only the ocean-forced SST variability is associated with significant atmospheric anomalies that occur one month later. These findings suggest that ocean dynamical processes in the western North Pacific play an important role in influencing the variability of the extratropical circulation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Simchan Yook, David W. J. Thompson, Susan Solomon
Summary: The largest two ozone holes in Antarctica in late 2020 and 2021 were influenced by Australian wildfires and the eruption of La Soufriere. The climate impacts of the ozone holes included a strengthening of the polar stratospheric vortex, enhanced surface westerlies over the Southern Ocean, and surface temperature changes over Antarctica and Australia.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kane A. Stone, Susan Solomon, David W. J. Thompson, Douglas E. Kinnison, John C. Fyfe
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between ENSO events and the southern hemisphere (SH) stratospheric pathway. The research finds that ENSO is associated with stratospheric anomalies in the SH, with the warm phase of the ENSO cycle generally leading to a colder spring Antarctic stratosphere. This relationship is robust and consistent across multiple models. Additionally, the study reveals that the magnitude of the stratospheric pathway is weaker compared to the tropospheric pathway, playing a secondary role.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kasturi Shah, Susan Solomon, Douglas Kinnison, Qiang Fu, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: This study investigates the modulation of atmospheric gases such as CFC-11 and N2O by stratospheric dynamics, specifically focusing on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and seasonal cycles. The analysis reveals a consistent pattern of positive interannual variability in tracer advection during the easterly QBO phase and discusses the potential mechanisms behind it.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Adam A. Scaife, Mark P. Baldwin, Amy H. Butler, Andrew J. Charlton-Perez, Daniela I. Domeisen, Chaim Garfinkel, Steven C. Hardiman, Peter Haynes, Alexey Yu Karpechko, Eun-Pa Lim, Shunsuke Noguchi, Judith Perlwitz, Lorenzo Polvani, Jadwiga H. Richter, John Scinocca, Michael Sigmond, Theodore G. Shepherd, Seok-Woo Son, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: In recent years, there have been significant advances in the development of stratosphere-resolving numerical models, understanding of stratosphere-troposphere interaction, and extending long-range forecasts to explicitly include the stratosphere. These advances have led to new and improved capabilities in long-range prediction, aiding monthly, seasonal, annual-to-decadal climate predictions, and multidecadal projections.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
