Plug-in electric vehicles as a harmonic compensator into microgrids

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) can be used as harmonic compensator by injecting/absorbing harmonic current to/from the grid. Considering harmonic power compensation as an ancillary service, similar to reactive power ancillary service market (RPASM) or reserve market, PEVs can participate in harmonic power ancillary service market and thereby PEVs should offer their prices in the harmonic power market. For this approach, Harmonic Expected Payment Function (HEPF) of PEV is constructed based on the capability curve of PEVs. The HEPF includes the cost of losses as well as lost opportunity cost (LOC) incurred by reduction of active power for harmonic power compensation. The harmonic power market (HPM) is cleared by minimizing Harmonic Total Payment Function (HTPF), which in fact, is the amount of dollars paid to the accepted PEVs in the market. The effectiveness of the proposed HPM is studied on a 14-node microgrid. The results indicate that, with the proposed framework, PEVs can incorporate in the harmonic market with enough economic incentives. The distribution system operator (DSO) concern about the harmonic disturbance can be remarkably relieved as well. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.