Environment-friendly chemical recycling of aliphatic polyurethanes by hydrolysis in a CO2-water system

In order to develop a chemical recycling system of polyurethanes (PUs), environment-friendly hydrolysis of two types of aliphatic PUs was studied under pressured CO2 in water, in which the carbonic acid generated from CO2 acted as an acid catalyst. Two PUs, namely H-PU or I-PU, were synthesized starting from 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate, respectively. The hydrolysis of PUs depended on the experimental conditions, such as the temperature and CO2 pressure. As a result, 98% of H-PU and 91% of I-PU were successfully hydrolyzed under the typical conditions of 190 degrees C for 24 h at 8.0 MPa CO2. The reaction mixtures afforded 1,4-butanediol and diamines without the formation of any byproducts. Both of these raw materials generated from the originated PUs by selective hydrolytic cleavage of the urethane linkages, and they were easily isolated in high yields simply by evaporation of the water-soluble components within the reaction mixture. By comparing the results of the two aliphatic PUs with those of an aromatic PU (M-PU), the hydrolyzability was found to decrease in the order H-PU, I-PU, and M-PU. The difference can be ascribed to the hydrophilicity of the aliphatic or aromatic groups connected to the urethane moieties at the terminals of PUs. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.