Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dario Cortese, Kirsty Y. Wan
Summary: This study demonstrates that the rolling motion of the biflagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during swimming is derived from a nonplanar flagellar beat pattern, and a 3D model is constructed to explain this phenomenon. It is found that helical swimming requires further symmetry breaking between the two flagella, which is crucial for phototactic responses.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Chengshi Wang, Chase G. Frazelle, John R. Wagner, Ian D. Walker
Summary: This article presents a novel control strategy for trajectory control of multisection continuum robots in three-dimensional space. By connecting the dynamic behavior of the continuum manipulator to a virtual discrete-jointed robot, a computed torque control architecture is developed, resulting in improved performance during various maneuvers.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Srinivasan, H. D. Vo, I Schiffner
Summary: This study presents an alternative method for reconstructing bird flight trajectories using a single video camera and a simple calibration procedure. The system delivers exact 3D coordinates of the bird's position and can compute the trajectory between successive wing extensions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Umit Ziya Savc
Summary: This paper investigates the screw motion in generalized space by analyzing the change in screw coordinates and using dual orthogonal matrices. The exponential of the dual angular velocity matrix is shown to represent screw displacement in generalized space.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Katharina Schaub, Nicola Kelleners, Martin J. Schmidt, Nele Eley, Martin S. Fischer
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the bone movement of the lumbosacral region in German shepherd dogs to better understand the origin of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. It was found that there is a wide variation in gait patterns among individual dogs, and intervertebral motion is small and asynchronous with the stride cycle. Pelvic motion mainly consists of axial rotation during walking and lateral rotation during trotting, while the lumbar spine compensates for abnormal pelvic movements to some extent during walking and trotting.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Magdalena Zuk, Magdalena Wojtkow, Michal Popek, Jakub Mazur, Katarzyna Bulinska
Summary: This study proposes two methods for describing lowerlimb joint kinematics using low-budget hardware accessories for VR headsets. The proposed system allows for the collection of complete kinematic data of the lower limb with comparable repeatability to advanced optoelectronic motion capture systems. The tools enable cost-effective analysis of kinematics in accordance with biomechanical research protocols and consistent with clinical practice.
Article
Biology
Akisato Marumo, Masahiko Yamagishi, Junichiro Yajima
Summary: Marumo and colleagues used three-dimensional tracking of fluorescent microbeads to visualize the helical swimming of the ciliate Tetrahymena, revealing that the beating pattern of the cilia determines the swimming behavior.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lisa Schikowski, Nele Eley, Nicola Kelleners, Martin J. Schmidt, Martin S. Fischer
Summary: This study provides a detailed analysis of the craniocervical motion during locomotion in Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers, showing similar basic motion patterns in both breeds but with higher rotation amplitudes in Labrador retrievers.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaotian Zhang, Noel Naughton, Tejaswin Parthasarathy, Mattia Gazzola
Summary: This study looks into the locomotion strategies of limbless terrestrial animals, explaining 3D gait alterations and adaptations to heterogeneous terrains through local friction modulation. By modeling and experiments, the authors provide insights into passive snake navigation in complex topographies and propose a unified view connecting active and passive 3D mechanics with heterogeneous interfacial effects. They also present a mathematical argument for the evolution of sidewinding gaits and reinforce the analogy between limbless terrestrial locomotion and optics.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Silvia V. Lehmann, Emanuel Andrada, Roxana Taszus, Daniel Koch, Martin S. Fischer
Summary: French bulldogs exhibit unique leg kinematics that may lead to medial patellar subluxation or permanent luxation. Patellar luxation mainly occurs around toe-off during gait, and the position of the patella varies at different time points during locomotion, with significant differences observed in dogs with medial patellar luxation.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geology
Martin G. Lockley, Charles W. Helm, Andrew M. W. Lawfield, Kevin J. Sharman
Summary: A diverse continental ichnofauna from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Gething Formation has been discovered at the Ninesting Creek site in northeastern British Columbia. The study reveals that the ichnodiversity of smaller avian and non-avian theropod tracks outnumbers large theropod tracks. The findings have implications for palaeoecological models.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yuji Matsuda, Masaki Kaneko, Yoshihisa Sakurai, Keita Akashi, Sengoku Yasuo
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between 3D lower-limb kinematics and forward-swimming velocity during undulatory underwater swimming (UUS) at maximal velocity. The results showed that peak angular velocities of hip internal and external rotation were significantly correlated with forward-swimming velocity, with hip internal rotation occurring at the middle of down-kicking and peak external rotation occurring at the terminal of down-kicking. Swimmers exhibited higher peak angular velocity of hip internal/external rotation with a large active range of motion for hip rotation, suggesting that three-dimensional lower-limb joint movements, particularly hip rotation, may enhance UUS proficiency.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vanessa Baier, Alicia Paini, Stephan Schaller, Colin G. Scanes, Audrey J. Bone, Markus Ebeling, Thomas G. Preuss, Johannes Witt, David Heckmann
Summary: Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are effective tools for toxicological studies and risk assessment. In this study, a generic avian PBK model for birds was developed and tested using in vivo data. The model accurately predicted the concentrations of chemicals in tissues and eggs, and its credibility and reproducibility were evaluated according to available guidance documents. This research provides a valuable reference for building PBK models for novel species.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jorge Esteve, Pedro Rubio
Summary: Trilobites, one of the earliest creatures to leave traces on the sea floor, exhibit different locomotion behaviors related to feeding and protection. By using three-dimensional models, researchers have identified two main gait types in trilobites, namely burrowing and walking, which are independent of their biological structure. The ability to change their gait and increase speed by altering the amplitude of the metachronal wave allowed trilobites to better defend against predators and adapt to sudden environmental changes. The constraints on their gaits were determined by the distance between leg pairs and legs within the same segment.
Article
Neurosciences
Tetsunari Harada, Satoshi Hamai, Daisuke Hara, Shinya Kawahara, Masanori Fujii, Satoshi Ikemura, Goro Motomura, Yasuharu Nakashima
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the hip kinematics and kinetics of unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients while getting into and out of a car. The results showed that restoring the range of motion and muscle strength in the surgical hip joint and adopting the normal side as the pivot limb can lead to a more balanced motion of getting into and out of a car, which in turn promotes safe mobility, social participation, and improved quality of life.